黎

黎	U+9ECE, 黎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ECE

← 黍
[U+9ECD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

黏 →
[U+9ECF]

Translingual

Han character

黎 (radical 202, 黍+3, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹人水 (HHOE), four-corner 2713₂, composition ⿳𥝢𠆢氺)

References

KangXi: page 1517, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47994
Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 36
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4759, character 3
Unihan data for U+9ECE

Chinese

simp. and trad.		黎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (利) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
犂
黎	*riːl
莉	riːl, r'il, *r'i
黧	*riːl
鯬	riːl, ril
筣	riːl, ri
蔾	riːl, ril
藜	*riːl
邌	*riːl
瓈	*riːl
鵹	*rel
棃	*ril
梨	*ril
蟍	*ril
蜊	*ril
鑗	*ril
利	*rids
痢	*rids
浰	*riːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *riːl) : semantic 黍 (“millet”) + phonetic 利 (OC *rids).

Etymology

“black; numerous”: Cognate with 黧 (“black”) (Wang, 1982).
“Li people”: From Hlai Hlai. Alleged to be used in Eastern Han dynasty book Yiwu Zhi:

《南裔異物志》謂：俚在廣州之南，俗呼俚為𥠖。 [MSC, trad.]
《南裔异物志》谓：俚在广州之南，俗呼俚为𥠖。 [MSC, simp.]

From: 顧炎武《天下郡國利病書》, early Qing dynasty

“Nányì Yìwù Zhì” wèi: Lǐ zài Guǎngzhōu zhī nán, sú hū Lǐ wèi 𥠖. [Pinyin]

(please add an English translation of this example)

Before Song dynasty, 俚 (lǐ) was a more common term.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lí (li²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lì / lài

(Meixian, Guangdong): li² / lai²
Min Dong (BUC): là̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lê

(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁵ / loi⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): li (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Wade–Giles: lih²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁴
  - Yale: làih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì / lài
  - Hakka Romanization System: liˇ / laiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li² / lai²
  - IPA: /li¹¹/, /lai̯¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: li² / lai²
  - IPA: /li¹¹/, /laɪ¹¹/

Note: lài/lai2 - surname.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: là̤
  - IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁵ / loi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî / lôi
  - IPA ^(key): /li⁵⁵/, /loi⁵⁵/

Note: loi5 - surname.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: li (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: /lei/▼

Rime
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎奚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei/
Pan Wuyun	/lei/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj/
Li Rong	/lei/
Wang Li	/liei/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤij/, /*[r]ˤij/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黎	黎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lí	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ lej ›	‹ lej ›
Old Chinese	/[r]ˁij/ (Cf. 耆 0552l ɡij < [ɡ]rij ‘old’)	/*[r]ˁij/
English	old	black
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黎
Reading #	1/1
No.	7880
Phonetic component	利
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	黎
Old Chinese	/*riːl/

Definitions

黎

^† black
^† numerous; crowded
黎民 ― límín ― common people
^† almost
黎明 ― límíng ― dawn
(～國) (historical) state of Li (a state in modern-day Shanxi, China, during the Shang dynasty)
(～族) Li people (the largest ethnic minority in Hainan, China)
Short for 黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn, “Lebanon”).
- 年逾八旬的卡薩與中國淵源頗深，自上世紀 50 年代以來，他已訪問中國 50 餘次，是中黎乃至中阿關係發展的見證者。 [MSC, trad.]
  年逾八旬的卡萨与中国渊源颇深，自上世纪 50 年代以来，他已访问中国 50 余次，是中黎乃至中阿关系发展的见证者。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 2017 April 7, 李良勇, 黎巴嫩友好人士任丝绸之路国际总商会荣誉主席
  Nián yú bā xún de kǎsà yǔ zhōngguó yuānyuán pō shēn, zì shàng shìjì 50 niándài yǐlái, tā yǐ fǎngwèn zhōngguó 50 yú cì, shì Zhōng Lí nǎizhì Zhōng Ā guānxì fāzhǎn de jiànzhèngzhě. [Pinyin]
  Kassar, who is over 80 years old, has a deep relationship with China; since the 1950s, he has visited China over 50 times, witnessing the development of Sino–Lebanese, and even Sino–Arab, relations.
A surname.

Compounds

Derived terms from 黎

九黎
人黎
任黎
伽黎
兆黎
凍黎／冻黎
匠黎
呵黎勒
哥斯達黎加／哥斯达黎加 (Gēsīdálíjiā)
孑黎
巴黎 (Bālí)
巴黎公社
巴黎和會／巴黎和会
巴黎和約／巴黎和约
巴黎大學／巴黎大学
巴黎子
巴黎畫派／巴黎画派
巴黎盆地
巴黎綠／巴黎绿 (bālílǜ)
庶黎 (shùlí)
懸黎／悬黎
昌黎 (Chānglí)
查黎
楚懸黎／楚悬黎
楚黎
殘黎／残黎
民黎
波多黎各 (Bōduōlígè)
波黎
洞黎
消黎花
渠黎
災黎／灾黎
烝黎
狐黎
玄黎
生黎
甿黎
疲黎
的黎波里 (Dīlíbōlǐ)
祝黎
突黎
窮黎／穷黎
終黎／终黎
群黎
芭黎
花花黎黎
花黎胡哨
萌黎
蒸黎

蒼黎／苍黎
蘇黎世／苏黎世 (Sūlíshì)
蘇黎士／苏黎士 (Sūlíshì)
蛤黎醬／蛤黎酱
訶黎勒／诃黎勒
貧黎／贫黎
赫胥黎 (Hèxūlí)
迦黎
遠黎／远黎
遺黎／遗黎
遺黎故老／遗黎故老
邊黎／边黎
重黎
闍黎／阇黎
阿闍黎／阿阇黎
阿黎
阿黎耶識／阿黎耶识
青黎
韓昌黎／韩昌黎
頗黎／颇黎
飢黎／饥黎
飣坐黎／饤坐黎
黎丘丈人
黎丘鬼
黎人
黎伯
黎俗
黎俱吠陀
黎元 (líyuán)
黎兜鍪
黎刀
黎司直
黎單／黎单
黎園子弟／黎园子弟
黎地
黎女
黎孑
黎家
黎家垸 (Líjiāyuàn)
黎山
黎山老姆
黎峒
黎巴嫩 (Líbānèn)
黎布
黎幔
黎幕
黎庶 (líshù)
黎庶塗炭／黎庶涂炭
黎弓

黎彥／黎彦
黎戶／黎户
黎族 (lízú)
黎旦
黎旭
黎明 (límíng)
黎服
黎朦
黎朦子
黎杖
黎檬子
黎歌
黎母
黎母國／黎母国
黎母山
黎毯
黎民 (límín)
黎氓
黎渦／黎涡
黎烝
黎然
黎牛
黎物
黎獻／黎献
黎玄
黎甿
黎瘼
黎眾／黎众
黎祁
黎綠／黎绿
黎老
黎苗
黎萌
黎蒸
黎裝／黎装
黎語／黎语 (líyǔ)
黎豆
黎赤
黎農／黎农
黎邑
黎錦／黎锦
黎長／黎长
黎飯／黎饭
黎飾／黎饰
黎首
黎黃／黎黄
黎黑
黎黔
黔黎

Japanese

Kanji

黎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

black, bluish black
gloomy, dusky
used to indicate the Li people of Hainan Province, China

Readings

Go-on: らい (rai)
Kan-on: れい (rei)
On: り (ri)
Kun: くろ (kuro, 黎); くろい (kuroi, 黎い)
Nanori: たみ (tami)

Compounds

群 (ぐん)黎 (れい) (gunrei)
黔 (けん)黎 (れい) (kenrei)
生 (せい)黎 (れい) (seirei)
重 (ちょう)黎 (れい) (chōrei)
泥黎 (ないり) (nairi)
百黎 (ひゃくれい) (hyakurei)
黎族 (りーぞく) (rīzoku)
黎 (れい)桓 (かん) (reikan)
黎 (れい)貴 (き)惇 (じゅん) (reikijun)
黎 (れい)軒 (けん) (reiken)
黎 (れい)元 (げん) (reigen)
黎 (れい)元 (げん)洪 (こう) (reigenkō)
黎 (れい)首 (しゅ) (reishu)
黎 (れい)庶 (しょ) (reisho)
黎 (れい)庶 (しょ)昌 (しょう) (reishoshō)
黎 (れい)聖 (せい)宗 (そう) (reiseisō)
黎 (れい)旦 (たん) (reitan)
黎 (れい)朝 (ちょう) (reichō); or 黎 (れ)朝 (ちょう) (rechō)
黎朝刑律 (れいちょうけいりつ) (reichōkeiritsu)
黎文悦 (れいぶんえつ) (reibun'etsu)
黎 (れい)民 (みん) (reimin)
黎 (れい)明 (めい) (reimei, “dawn”)
黎明会 (れいめいかい) (reimeikai)
黎 (れい)明 (めい)期 (き) (reimeiki)
黎 (れい)利 (り) (reiri)

Korean

Hanja

黎 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

黎 (lê, rê)

spelt as Lê, the fourth most common surname among ethnic Vietnamese.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.