黍

黍	U+9ECD, 黍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ECD

← 黌
[U+9ECC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

黎 →
[U+9ECE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

黍 (radical 202, 黍+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹木人水 (HDOE), four-corner 2013₂, composition ⿳禾人氺)

Kangxi radical #202, ⿉.

Derived characters

Index:Chinese radical/黍

References

KangXi: page 1517, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47991

Dae Jaweon: page 2049, character 33

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4759, character 1

Unihan data for U+9ECD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		黍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 黍
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shǔ (shu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sú
Min Nan (POJ): sé / sóe / sír / sú / sí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˇ
  - Wade–Giles: shu³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu²
  - Yale: syú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy²
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu²
  - IPA ^(key): /ʃyː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sú
  - Hakka Romanization System: su`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: su³
  - IPA: /su³¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sé
  - Tâi-lô: sé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sea
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sóe
  - Tâi-lô: sué
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soea
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sue⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sue⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
  - Tâi-lô: sír
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
  - Tâi-lô: sú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí
  - Tâi-lô: sí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi⁵³/

Note:

sé/sóe - vernacular;
sú - vernacular (俗, Quanzhou);
sír/sú/sí - literary.

Middle Chinese: /ɕɨʌ^X/▼

Rime
Character	黍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舒吕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǔ

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰaʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	黍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ syo^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tʰaʔ/
English	Panicum miliaceum, glutinous
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	黍
Reading #	1/1
No.	11800
Phonetic component	黍
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*hljaʔ/

Definitions

黍

proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (esp. glutinous varieties, but also generic[1])
(dialectal Min Dong, Putian Min) sorghum
(Leizhou Min) corn; maize

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 高粱 (“sorghum”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		高粱, 蜀黍
Mandarin	Beijing	高粱
	Taiwan	高粱
	Harbin	高粱
	Shenyang	高粱
	Hailar	高粱
	Ulan Hot	高粱
	Tongliao	高粱
	Chifeng	高粱
	Bayanhot	高粱, 秫秫
	Jinan	高粱, 秫秫
	Muping	胡秫
	Luoyang	高粱, 秫秫, 紅秫秫
	Wanrong	䵚黍
	Xi'an	䵚黍
	Qingdao	胡秫
	Zhengzhou	黑秫秫, 秫秫
	Xining	高粱
	Xuzhou	秫秫, 小秫秫
	Yinchuan	秫秫
	Lanzhou	秫秫, 高粱
	Ürümqi	高粱
	Wuhan	高粱
	Huanggang	榴粟
	Chengdu	高粱
	Guiyang	高粱
	Liuzhou	高粱
	Kunming	高粱
	Yangzhou	高粱, 蘆書
	Nanjing	高粱
	Hefei	秫秫
	Nantong	高粱
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	䵚黍, 高粱
Cantonese	Guangzhou	高粱粟, 高粱
	Hong Kong	高粱粟, 高粱
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	高粱
	Yangjiang	高粱粟, 枝勾粟
	Danzhou	麥
Gan	Nanchang	高粱
	Lichuan	高粱
	Pingxiang	高粱
Hakka	Meixian	高粱粟, 蘆粟, 蘆粟仔
	Xingning	羅粟
	Qujiang	高粱粟
	Changting	高粱粟
	Pingyu	高粱粟
	Wuping	高粱粟
	Liancheng	高粱粟
	Ninghua	禾媽
	Yudu	高粱粟, 粟子
	Ruijin	粟子
	Shicheng	高粱粟
	Shangyou	粟子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	高粱
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	高粱
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	高粱
	Dongshi (Dabu)	高粱
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	高粱
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	高粟
	Hong Kong	高粱粟
	Senai	高粱粟, 高粱
Huizhou	Jixi	蘿穄
	Shexian	蘆穄
	Tunxi	蘆穄
	Xiuning	蘆穄
	Yixian	蘆穄
	Qimen	蘆穄
	Wuyuan	穄粟
	Jingde	蘆穄
	Xianyu (formerly Zhanda)	蘆穄
Jin	Taiyuan	茭子
	Pingyao	䵚黍
	Xinzhou	茭子
	Baochang	高粱
	Jining	高粱
	Hohhot	茭子
	Baotou	高粱
	Dongsheng	高粱
	Linhe	高粱
	Haibowan	高粱
Min Bei	Jian'ou	蘆粟, 高粱
	Dikou	觀音粟
	Songxi	粟仔
	Zhenghe	高粱粟
	Zhenqian	黍仔
	Jianyang	蘆粟
	Wuyishan	龍黍
	Shibei	蘆粟
Min Dong	Fuzhou	穄, 穄黍
	Changle	穄
	Fuqing	穄黍
	Yongtai	黍
	Gutian	黍
	Fu'an	扣頭子
	Ningde	高粱
	Shouning	黍
	Zhouning	黍
	Fuding	黍
	Matsu	穄米
Min Nan	Xiamen	蘆黍, 番黍
	Quanzhou	番黍
	Zhangzhou	黍仔
	Taipei	番黍, 高粱
	Kaohsiung	蘆黍, 番黍, 高粱
	Sanxia	番黍
	Yilan	番黍
	Kinmen	番黍, 蘆黍, 高粱
	Magong	蘆黍
	Chaozhou	高粱
	Johor Bahru	高粱
	Wenchang	牛黍
	Haikou	高粱
Puxian Min	Putian	黍
Puxian Min	Xianyou	懸跤黍
Pinghua	Nanning	高粱
Wu	Shanghai	高粱
	Suzhou	粟子, 高粱
	Wuxi	高粱
	Wenzhou	高粱粟, 蓬頭粟
	Chongming	高粱
	Danyang	高粱
	Jinhua	蘆穄
	Ningbo	蘆穄
Xiang	Changsha	高粱
	Shuangfeng	高粱
	Loudi	高粱

Dialectal synonyms of 玉米 (“corn; maize”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		玉米, 玉蜀黍
Taxonomic name		玉米, 玉蜀黍
Mandarin	Beijing	老玉米, 玉米, 棒子
	Taiwan	玉米
	Tianjin	玉米, 棒子
	Harbin	玉米, 包米
	Shenyang	玉米, 包米
	Hailar	包米
	Ulan Hot	包米
	Tongliao	包米
	Chifeng	玉米, 包米, 棒子
	Bayanhot	玉米
	Jinan	玉米, 棒子
	Muping	棒棒兒, 包兒米, 玉米
	Luoyang	棒子, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 蜀黍, 玉蜀黍兒, 老玉米, 玉米
	Wanrong	玉䵚秫, 玉米
	Xi'an	玉米, 包穀, 玉麥
	Qingdao	玉米, 包米兒, 包米
	Zhengzhou	玉蜀黍
	Xining	包穀, 包穀棒子
	Xuzhou	棒子, 玉秫秫, 大秫秫, 玉米棒子
	Yinchuan	玉米
	Lanzhou	包穀
	Ürümqi	包穀, 包米
	Wuhan	包穀
	Huanggang	玉榴
	Chengdu	玉麥, 玉米, 包穀
	Guiyang	包穀
	Guilin	包穀
	Liuzhou	玉米, 包穀
	Kunming	包穀, 玉麥
	Yangzhou	玉蘆書, 棒頭
	Nanjing	包蘆, 包穀, 玉蜀黍, 玉米
	Hefei	六穀, 玉米
	Nantong	玉米
	Malaysia	玉米
	Singapore	玉米
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	玉米
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	包米
Cantonese	Guangzhou	粟米, 包粟
	Hong Kong	粟米, 包粟
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	包粟
	Foshan	粟米
	Shunde	粟米
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	粟米
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	粟米
	Taishan	粟米
	Kaiping (Chikan)	粟米
	Dongguan	粟米, 包粟
	Shaoguan	包粟
	Yunfu	包粟
	Yangjiang	珍珠粟
	Xinyi	包粟, 飯包粟
	Lianjiang	粟米, 包粟
	Danzhou	包麥
	Kuala Lumpur	包粟, 楂弓
	Ho Chi Minh City	粟米, bắp
Gan	Nanchang	玉米
	Lichuan	包粟, 金豆
	Pingxiang	包粟
Hakka	Meixian	包粟
	Xingning	包粟
	Huidong	包粟
	Qujiang	包粟
	Xiaosanjiang	包麥
	Changting	包粟
	Pingyu	包粟
	Wuping	包粟
	Ninghua	包鬚
	Yudu	包粟
	Ruijin	包粟
	Shicheng	包粟
	Shangyou	包粟
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	包粟
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	包粟
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	包粟
	Dongshi (Dabu)	包粟
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	包粟
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	番麥
	Hong Kong	包粟
	Sabah	包粟
	Senai	包粟
	Singkawang	包粟
Huizhou	Jixi	包蘿
	Shexian	包蘆
	Tunxi	包蘿, 包蘿兒
	Xiuning	包蘆
	Yixian	包蘆, 金蘆
	Qimen	包蘆
	Wuyuan	包蘿
	Fuliang	玉米
	Dexing	包粟
	Jingde	包蘆
	Xianyu (formerly Zhanda)	包蘆
Jin	Taiyuan	玉茭子
	Pingyao	玉䵚黍, 玉茭子, 玉茭
	Xinzhou	玉茭子
	Baochang	棒子
	Jining	玉茭茭
	Hohhot	玉茭子, 玉米
	Baotou	玉茭茭
	Dongsheng	玉茭子
	Linhe	玉茭子
	Haibowan	玉茭子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	包蘿, 觀音豆, 觀豆
	Dikou	包蘿
	Songxi	包蘿
	Zhenghe	包蘿
	Zhenqian	包蘿
	Jianyang	番米
	Wuyishan	包黍
	Shibei	包蘿
Min Dong	Fuzhou	油甜苞
	Changle	油甜苞
	Fuqing	番黍, 玉秫黍, 油甜苞
	Yongtai	油甜苞
	Gutian	金豆
	Fu'an	番豆
	Ningde	番豆
	Shouning	包蘿
	Zhouning	包蘿
	Fuding	番豆
Min Nan	Xiamen	麥穗, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated
	Quanzhou	番大麥, 蘆黍 dated
	Zhangzhou	麥穗, 番黍, 番麥 dated, 蘆黍 dated
	Taipei	番麥
	Kaohsiung	番麥
	Tainan	番麥
	Taichung	番麥
	Wuqi	番麥
	Hsinchu	番麥
	Taitung	番麥
	Lukang	番麥
	Sanxia	番麥
	Yilan	番麥
	Kinmen	包果, 番麥
	Magong	番仔蘆黍
	Penang	惹穬
	Philippines (Manila)	玉米
	Chaozhou	薏米仁
	Shantou	幼米仁
	Johor Bahru	惹穬
	Wenchang	包麥, 麥
	Haikou	珍珠米
	Leizhou	黍
Puxian Min	Putian	黍秫
Puxian Min	Xianyou	番黍
Pinghua	Nanning	玉米
Wu	Shanghai	珍珠米, 玉米
	Suzhou	御麥, 珍珠米
	Wuxi	珍珠米
	Hangzhou	六穀, 玉黍, 玉米
	Wenzhou	包蘿粟, 糯米粟, 粟麥, 飯糰粟, 珍珠粟
	Chongming	大米
	Danyang	玉米粟, 珍珠粟
	Jinhua	包蘿
	Ningbo	六穀
Xiang	Changsha	玉米, 包穀
	Shuangfeng	包穀, 玉米子
	Loudi	玉米子

Related terms

黃米／黄米 (huángmǐ)

Compounds

不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
故宮禾黍／故宫禾黍
殺雞炊黍／杀鸡炊黍
殺雞為黍／杀鸡为黍
燔黍
玉蜀黍 (yùshǔshǔ)
禾黍
累黍

縱黍尺／纵黍尺
范張雞黍／范张鸡黍
茅黍
蜀黍 (shǔshǔ)
角黍 (jiǎoshǔ)
鉅黍／巨黍
雞黍／鸡黍 (jīshǔ)
雞黍之約／鸡黍之约

黍子 (shǔzi)
黍稷
黍米
黍苗
黍谷生春
黍醅
黍離／黍离 (shǔlí)
黍離麥秀／黍离麦秀

References

(Min Nan) “Entry #9252”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

Francesca Bray, "Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey," Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 28(3): 291-307, 1981.

Japanese

Kanji

黍

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

millet

Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho)
Kan-on: しょ (sho)
Kun: きび (kibi, 黍)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
黍
きび Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

稷

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) きび [kíꜜbì] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA^(key): [kʲibʲi]

Noun

黍 (hiragana きび, katakana キビ, rōmaji kibi)

proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Korean

Hanja

黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

黍 (thử)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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[1] Francesca Bray, "Millet cultivation in China: a historical survey," Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, 28(3): 291-307, 1981.