脂

脂	U+8102, 脂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8102

← 脁
[U+8101]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脃 →
[U+8103]

Translingual

Han character

脂 (radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126₁, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

Derived characters

㴯, 𫆻

References

KangXi: page 981, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2069, character 6
Unihan data for U+8102

Chinese

simp. and trad.		脂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
稽	kiː, kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	ŋɡiːs, kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	kji, kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kji) : semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstruction (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ (zhi¹, zhi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
Min Dong (BUC): ciĕ
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chi / chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): zin¹
Wu (Wiktionary): tsr (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
  - IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
  - Tâi-lô: tsi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cy
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zin¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsr (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiɪ/▼

Rime
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨夷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/

(Zhengzhang): /*kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*kij/
English	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17322
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	脂
Old Chinese	/*kji/

Definitions

脂

fat; grease; lard
Short for 胭脂 (yānzhī, “rouge”).

Compounds

不施脂粉
乳脂湯／乳脂汤
低脂
全脂奶粉
六朝脂粉
凝脂 (níngzhī)
卵磷脂 (luǎnlínzhī)
口脂
合成樹脂／合成树脂
塗脂抹粉／涂脂抹粉
抹粉施脂
掠脂斡肉
搽脂抹粉
擦脂抹粉
松脂 (sōngzhī)
松脂石
樹脂／树脂 (shùzhī)
民脂民膏 (mínzhīmíngāo)
民膏民脂
氟樹脂／氟树脂
油脂 (yóuzhī)
燕脂

瓊脂／琼脂 (qióngzhī)
畫脂鏤冰／画脂镂冰
皮脂 (pízhī)
皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
石脂
硬脂
硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
磷脂質／磷脂质
礦脂／矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
羊毛脂
羊脂玉
羊脂白
胭脂 (yānzhī)
胭脂井
胭脂花粉
胭脂虎
胰脂酶
脂油 (zhīyóu)
脂澤／脂泽
脂粉 (zhīfěn)
脂粉小說／脂粉小说
脂粉氣／脂粉气 (zhīfěnqì)

脂肪 (zhīfáng)
脂肪瘤
脂肪腺
脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
脂腴
脂膏 (zhīgāo)
脂膏不潤／脂膏不润
脂膘
脂韋／脂韦
脂麻
脣脂／唇脂
脣若塗脂／唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
脣若施脂／唇若施脂
脫脂／脱脂 (tuōzhī)
脫脂奶粉／脱脂奶粉
脫脂棉／脱脂棉
血脂肪
赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
飽和脂肪／饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
魚石脂／鱼石脂
鵝脂／鹅脂

Japanese

Kanji

脂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

fat

Readings

Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kun: あぶら (abura, 脂, Jōyō); やに (yani, 脂)

Compounds

牛 (ぎゅう)脂 (し) (gyūshi): tallow of cow
脂 (し)肪 (ぼう) (shibō): fat
松脂 (まつやに) (matsuyani), 松 (しょう)脂 (し) (shōshi): pine resin
獣 (じゅう)脂 (し) (jūshi): tallow
豚 (とん)脂 (し) (tonshi): lard
皮 (ひ)脂 (し) (hishi): sebum
雲 (ふ)脂 (け) (fuke): dandruff

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脂
あぶら Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry at あぶら.
あぶら【油・膏・脂】 [noun]脂: fat [noun]脂: skin oil
(This term, 脂, is a kanji spelling of あぶら.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脂
やに Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry at やに.
やに【脂】 [noun]resin [noun]tar (byproduct of tobacco smoke) [noun]rheum
(This term, 脂, is a kanji spelling of やに.)

Korean

Hanja

脂 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

KangXi: page 981, character 24

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463

Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2069, character 6

Unihan data for U+8102

Vietnamese

Han character

脂 (chi, chỉ, mạnh)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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