See also: , , , and
U+4F59, 余
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F59

[U+4F58]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4F5A]

Translingual

Japanese
Simplified
Traditional 余∣
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 9, +5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一木 (OMD), four-corner 80904, composition)

Derived characters

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 99, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 515
  • Dae Jaweon: page 208, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 128, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+4F59

Usage notes

  • This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated .
  • Note that is also the simplified form of in mainland China and Japan. However, in traditional Chinese, and are two unrelated characters.

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts





References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*lja, *laː
*rlaː
*rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'
*rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'
*rlaː
*rlaː, *l'
*ɦlja
*hljaː
*hljaː, *la
*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
*hljaːʔ
*hljaːʔ, *hljaːs
*hljaːs
*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ
*l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las
*l̥ʰaː
*l̥ʰaː, *l'
*l'
*l'
*l'
*l'aː, *la
*l'aː, *l'a
*l'
*l'
*l'aː, *l̥ʰa
*l'
*lja
*lja
*ljaʔ
*ljaʔ
*l'a, *l'as
*rla
*rla
*rla
*ɦlja, *la
*hljaː
*hlja
*la
*la
*la
*la
*la
*las

Pictogram (象形) thatched cottage; house. Original form of (OC *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs, “house”).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to remain; to have left; time after an event; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified form of .)
Notes:

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
“I; me”
Related to (OC *la, “I”), (OC *lɯ, “I”) and (OC *l'ɯmʔ, “my; I”), forming the *l- series of first-person Old Chinese personal pronouns. This series is commonly used by Shang Dynasty kings to refer to themselves.
In contrast, Old Chinese also had the *ŋ- series of first-person pronouns, represented by (OC *ŋaːlʔ, “I”) and (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː, “I”), which became more widely used over time.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (36)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/jiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/iɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/iɔ/
Wang
Li
/jĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ yo ›
Old
Chinese
/*la/
English 1sg., prob. a polite form

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15798
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*la/
Notes

Definitions

  1. I; me
  2. Alternative form of ().
  3. The fourth lunar month
  4. A surname.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of (“I”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , , , , ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Mandarin Beijing
Taiwan
Jinan ,
Xi'an
Wuhan
Chengdu
Yangzhou
Hefei
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Taishan
Yangjiang
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian 𠊎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𠊎
Liudui (S. Sixian) 𠊎
Hsinchu (Hailu) 𠊎
Dongshi (Dabu) 𠊎
Hsinchu (Raoping) 𠊎
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 𠊎
Jin Taiyuan
Min Bei Jian'ou
Min Dong Fuzhou ,
Min Nan Xiamen ,
Quanzhou ,
Zhangzhou ,
Taipei ,
Kaohsiung ,
Penang
Philippines (Manila)
Chaozhou
Wu Shanghai , , 阿拉
Suzhou ,
Wenzhou
Ningbo , 我儂, 像我
Xiang Changsha
Shuangfeng ,

Compounds

  • 伊余
  • 伯余
  • 余一人
  • 余且
  • 余丘
  • 余余

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of – see .
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Etymology 4

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Used in 接余.
  2. Used in 檮余梼余 (Chóutú).

Etymology 5

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Only used in 余吾.

Etymology 6

Pronunciation


Definitions

  1. Only used in 褒余.

Etymology 7

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“big elephant”).
(This character, , is a variant form of .)

Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
on’yomi

Suffix

(shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji , hiragana , rōmaji -yo)

  1. over, more than
Synonyms

Pronoun

(hiragana , rōmaji yo)

  1. I, me (first-person pronoun)
    • Isikawa Takuboku, Romazi Nikki
      Yo wa Sai wo aisiteru; aisiteru kara koso kono Nikki wo yomase taku nai no da.
      I love my Wife; it is precisely because I love her that I do not want her to read this Diary.
Alternative forms

Korean

Hanja

(yeo) (hangeul , revised yeo, McCuneReischauer yŏ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(, dờ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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