See also:
U+7159, 煙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7159

[U+7158]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+715A]

Translingual

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Han character

(radical 86, +9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火一田土 (FMWG), four-corner 91814, composition)

Derived characters

  • 𫴍, 𬮕

References

  • KangXi: page 677, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19203
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2215, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+7159

Chinese

trad. /*
simp.
– when related to tobacco
工廠裡產生的

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*qriːn
*ken, *kin
*ken, *kjin
*ken, *kjin
*qiːn
*qiːn, *qin
*qin
*qin
*qin
*qin
*qin
*qin
*qin
*kʷens

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qiːn) : semantic  (fire) + phonetic  (OC *qin).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ian⁵⁵/
Harbin /ian⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ian²¹/
Jinan /iã²¹³/
Qingdao /iã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ian²⁴/
Xi'an /iã²¹/
Xining /iã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ian⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /ian⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iɛn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ian⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ian⁵⁵/
Kunming /iɛ̃⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ien³¹/
Hefei /iĩ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ie¹¹/
Pingyao /ie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /i⁵³/
Suzhou /iɪ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /j̠i³³/
Hui Shexian /ie³¹/
Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /iẽ³³/
Xiangtan /iẽ³³/
Gan Nanchang /iɛn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ian⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ʒen²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jin⁵³/
Nanning /jin⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jin⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /ian⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /in²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () IV
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔen/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔen/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔɛn/
Li
Rong
/ʔen/
Wang
Li
/ien/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yān
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yān
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔen ›
Old
Chinese
/*[q]ˁi[n]/
English smoke

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15192
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qiːn/

Definitions

  1. smoke; mist; vapour (Classifier: m c;  m;  m c;  m c)
    噴出 [MSC, trad.]
    喷出 [MSC, simp.]
    Yāncōng lǐ pēnchū yī tuán hēi yān. [Pinyin]
    The chimney blew out a cloud of black smoke.
  2. tobacco (plant)
  3. tobacco product
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì yī zhǒng wèi dàn de yān. [Pinyin]
    This is a mild tobacco.
  4. cigarette (Classifier: m c;  m)
    /    yān miè le.   Put out the cigarette.
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gěi wǒ juǎn le yī zhī yān. [Pinyin]
    He rolled a cigarette for me.
  5. opium
  6. soot
  7. to irritate the eyes by smoke
    做菜抽油煙機流淚 [MSC, trad.]
    做菜抽油烟机流泪 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuòcài wàng le kāi chōuyóuyānjī, yān de wǒ liúlèi. [Pinyin]
    When I was cooking, I forgot to turn on the range hood, and the smoke made my eyes water.
  8. (Cantonese, slang, informal, card games) ace

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 香煙 (“cigarette”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 香煙, 紙煙, 捲煙
Mandarin Beijing 煙捲兒,
Taiwan 香煙,
Harbin 香煙, 洋煙, 煙捲兒
Bayanhot 紙煙
Jinan 煙捲兒,
Muping 煙捲兒
Luoyang 洋煙, 洋煙捲兒, 紙煙,
Wanrong 紙煙
Xi'an 紙煙
Xining 紙煙, 香煙
Xuzhou 香煙, 煙捲兒, 洋煙, 紙煙
Yinchuan 紙煙, 捲煙
Lanzhou 紙煙
Ürümqi 紙煙
Wuhan 香煙, 紙煙, , 條子, , 熏條子 dated
Chengdu 紙煙, 香煙
Guiyang 紙煙, 香煙
Guilin 紙煙
Liuzhou 紙煙, 煙崽
Yangzhou 香煙,
Nanjing 香煙, 洋煙
Hefei 紙煙, 香煙
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煙棒子, 煙棒棒子, 煙棒棒
Cantonese Guangzhou 煙仔,
Hong Kong 煙仔, , 香煙
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 煙仔
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 煙仔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 煙仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 煙仔
Macau 煙仔
Panyu 煙仔
Huadu (Huashan) 煙仔
Conghua 煙仔,
Zengcheng 煙仔
Foshan 煙仔
Nanhai (Shatou) 煙仔
Shunde 煙仔
Sanshui 煙仔
Gaoming (Mingcheng) 煙仔
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 煙仔
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 煙仔
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 煙仔
Doumen 煙仔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 煙仔
Xinhui 煙仔
Taishan 煙仔
Kaiping (Chikan) 煙仔
Enping (Niujiang) 煙仔
Heshan (Yayao) 煙仔
Dongguan 煙仔
Bao'an (Shajing) 煙仔
Shaoguan 煙仔
Yunfu 煙仔
Yangjiang 煙仔
Xinyi 煙仔
Lianjiang 煙仔
Nanning 煙仔,
Wuzhou 煙仔,
Yulin 煙仔
Hepu
Danzhou 煙仔
Kuala Lumpur 煙仔
Ho Chi Minh City 煙仔
Gan Nanchang 香煙
Lichuan 香煙,
Pingxiang 香煙,
Hakka Meixian 煙仔, 煙枝
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 煙仔,
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 煙仔
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 煙仔
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 煙仔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 煙仔
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 煙仔
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 煙仔
Boluo (Bendihua)
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 煙仔
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 煙仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 香煙
Wuhua (Huacheng) 煙仔
Heyuan (Bendihua) 煙仔
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 煙仔
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 煙仔,
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 煙仔
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 煙仔
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 煙仔
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 煙仔
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 煙仔
Conghua (Lütian) 煙仔
Luchuan (Daqiao) 紙煙
Yudu 香煙, 紙煙
Shicheng 紙煙
Shangyou 紙煙
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
Liudui (S. Sixian)
Hsinchu (Hailu)
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping)
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong 煙仔
Senai 煙仔
Singkawang 煙枝
Huizhou Jixi 香煙
Jin Taiyuan 洋旱煙, 紙煙, 煙捲兒,
Xinzhou 紙煙, 洋旱煙
Hohhot 紙煙,
Min Bei Jian'ou 洋煙
Min Dong Fuzhou 薰囝
Changle 薰囝
Fuqing 洋薰, 薰囝
Yongtai 薰囝
Gutian 薰囝
Fu'an 洋薰
Ningde 薰囝
Shouning 薰囝
Zhouning 洋薰
Fuding 洋薰
Min Nan Xiamen 薰枝,
Quanzhou 薰枝,
Jinjiang 薰枝
Yongchun 薰枝
Zhangzhou 薰枝,
Taipei
Kaohsiung
Penang 薰枝
Zhangping (Yongfu) 洋薰
Datian 薰枝
Pingnan
Chaozhou 薰囝
Shantou 薰囝,
Haifeng
Johor Bahru 薰枝
Wenchang 煙囝
Haikou 煙囝
Leizhou 薰囝
Pinghua Nanning 煙崽
Guilin 紙煙
Wu Shanghai 香煙
Suzhou 香煙,
Wuxi 香煙
Hangzhou 香煙
Wenzhou 香煙
Chongming 香煙
Danyang 香煙,
Jinhua 香煙
Ningbo 香煙,
Xiang Changsha 紙煙,
Shuangfeng 紙煙
Loudi 紙煙, 香煙
Quanzhou 香煙

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
けむり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/keburi//kemuri/

Shift from Old Japanese-derived keburi reading (see below) as a regular /b//m/ change.[1][2][3] Appears in the Taiheiki of the late 1300s.

Now the most common reading.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • (less common)

Noun

(hiragana けむり, rōmaji kemuri)

  1. smoke

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
けむ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Truncation of earlier kemuri (see above).[1][2] Appears in kabuki plays of the late Edo Period (late 1700s, early 1800s).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • (less common)

Noun

(hiragana けむ, rōmaji kemu)

  1. (informal, colloquial) smoke

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
けぶり
Grade: S
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 煙る (keburu, to be smoky, to give off smoke).[1][2][3] Appears with this reading in the Man'yōshū.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • (less common)

Noun

(hiragana けぶり, rōmaji keburi)

  1. (archaic, possibly dialectal) smoke


Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
けぶ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Truncation of earlier keburi (see above).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

  • (less common)

Noun

(hiragana けぶ, rōmaji kebu)

  1. (archaic, possibly dialectal) smoke

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
えん
Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC ʔen).

Pronunciation

Affix

(hiragana えん, rōmaji en)

  1. smoke
  2. fog, mist
  3. soot
  4. tobacco, tobacco products such as cigarettes or cigars
Usage notes

Only found in compounds.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  5. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(yeon, in) (hangeul , )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(yên)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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