Angelina County, Texas

Angelina County (/ˌændʒəˈliːnə/ AN-jə-LEE-nə) is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 86,771.[1] Its county seat is Lufkin.[2] It was formed in 1846 from Nacogdoches County. It is named for a Hasinai Native American woman who assisted early Spanish missionaries and was named Angelina by them.[3] It is a wet county as of November 2006 wet/dry election. In November 2007 the small community of Burke was the only city in it to return to dry status.

Angelina County
U.S. county
The Angelina County Courthouse in Lufkin
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 31°16′N 94°37′W
Country United States
State Texas
Founded1846
Named forA Hasinai woman who assisted early Spanish missionaries and was named Angelina by them
SeatLufkin
Largest cityLufkin
Area
 • Total865 sq mi (2,240 km2)
 • Land798 sq mi (2,070 km2)
 • Water67 sq mi (170 km2)  7.7%%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total86,771
 • Density109/sq mi (42/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitewww.angelinacounty.net

The Lufkin, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Angelina County.

History

The county's first Anglo settlers were what John Nova Lomax described as "Scotch-Irish backwoods folk."[4] Cotton farmers and slaves did not come to Angelina County because it had poor soil. Lomax added that "Culturally, the county was less moonlight-and-magnolias Dixie than a little pocket of Appalachia, where pioneers, often from similarly hardscrabble areas of Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, wanted nothing more than to carve homesteads out of the Piney Woods and river thickets, farm a little, maybe raise a scraggly herd of tough cattle to drive to market in New Orleans."[4] Lomax added that "[t]hey also wanted to brew up a little whiskey and subsist on the bass, catfish and perch they hauled from the Neches and Angelina rivers and whatever they could trap and shoot on dry land."[4]

Settlement was still thin when Texas won its independence. Angelina County was organized on April 22, 1846, when Nacogdoches County was divided. The first permanent settler after the county was formed is thought to have been George W. Collins. The population increased quickly thereafter due to the good farming land and to the rivers, which made steamboat transportation possible. The population reached 1,165, of whom 196 were slaves, in 1850. The first county seat was Marion; successively, Jonesville became county seat in 1854, Homer in 1858, and Lufkin in 1892. Lufkin was favored by the route of the Houston, East and West Texas Railway (now the Southern Pacific), which had been built in 1882 from Houston to Shreveport.

Angelina County was settled predominantly by natives of the southern United States, some of them slaveowners who established plantations in their new Texas home. Large plantations were owned by the Stearns, Oates, Kalty, Stovall, and Ewing families. However, many Angelina County farmers were relatively poor men who owned no slaves. In 1847 slaves numbered 154, out of a total population of 834. In 1859 the number of slaves had grown to 427, valued at $269,550, and the total population was 4,271. Cotton culture, however, occupied only 2,048 acres of county land in 1858, a relatively small area for East Texas. Between 1850 and 1860 improved land in the county increased from about 3,000 to about 16,000 acres.

In 1861 Angelina County was the only county in East Texas, and one of only a handful of other Texas counties, to reject secession. This election result was startling when compared with that of Angelina County's neighbor to the immediate south, Tyler County, which supported secession by a 99 percent vote. Angelina County had also given the Constitutional Union party candidate, John Bell, a strong minority vote in the 1860 election. Two companies of county men were organized to fight in the Civil War, but they saw only limited action; only nineteen Angelina County men lost their lives in the war, and no Union soldiers entered the county before 1866.[5]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 865 square miles (2,240 km2), of which 798 square miles (2,070 km2) is land and 67 square miles (170 km2) (7.7%) is water.[6]

Adjacent counties

National protected area

Demographics
Age pyramid as of the 2000 United States Census
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18501,165—
18604,271266.6%
18703,985−6.7%
18805,23931.5%
18906,30620.4%
190013,481113.8%
191017,70531.3%
192022,28725.9%
193027,80324.7%
194032,20115.8%
195036,03211.9%
196039,81410.5%
197049,34923.9%
198064,17230.0%
199069,8848.9%
200080,13014.7%
201086,7718.3%
Est. 201986,715[7]−0.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1850–2010[9] 2010–2014[1]

As of the census[10] of 2000, there were 80,130 people, 28,685 households, and 21,255 families residing in the county. The population density was 100 people per square mile (39/km2). There were 32,435 housing units at an average density of 40 per square mile (16/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 75.10% White, 14.72% Black or African American, 0.30% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 7.77% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. 14.35% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 28,685 households out of which 36.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, 12.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.90% were non-families. 22.80% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the county, the population was spread out with 27.70% under the age of 18, 9.70% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 21.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $33,806, and the median income for a family was $39,505. Males had a median income of $30,373 versus $20,221 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,876. About 12.40% of families and 15.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.90% of those under age 18 and 12.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure

The Angelina County Sheriff's Office is the county law enforcement agency. The Sheriff is Greg Sanches.[11]

Angelina County is governed by its Commissioners Court of which Don Lymbery presides over as County Judge [12]

County Government
Position Name Party
  County Judge Don Lymbery Republican
  Commissioner, Precinct 1 Greg Harrison Republican
  Commissioner, Precinct 2 Kermit Kennedy Democratic
  Commissioner, Precinct 3 Terry Pitts Republican
  Commissioner, Precinct 4 Bobby Cheshire Republican

Politics

John Nova Lomax of the Houston Press said that the residents of Angelina County "were, and are, a self-sufficient breed, good with their hands, bluntly honest and leery of all central authority."[4] In 1861, Angelina County voted against seceding from the United States. It was the only East Texas county to do so. John Nova Lomax of the Houston Press said "[t]heir electoral peculiarity continued through the 20th Century."[4] Angelina County was the seat of power of Charlie Wilson, a politician labeled the "liberal from Lufkin."[4]

The current state representative from Angelina County is Republican Trent Ashby, first elected in 2012.

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[13]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 72.4% 21,668 25.2% 7,538 2.4% 705
2012 71.5% 20,303 27.6% 7,834 1.0% 269
2008 67.1% 19,569 32.2% 9,379 0.7% 205
2004 66.8% 18,932 32.8% 9,302 0.5% 130
2000 61.7% 16,648 36.9% 9,957 1.4% 369
1996 46.4% 11,789 44.6% 11,346 9.0% 2,286
1992 37.0% 9,722 39.3% 10,318 23.8% 6,241
1988 53.4% 12,738 45.5% 10,849 1.1% 265
1984 61.6% 14,685 38.0% 9,054 0.4% 92
1980 48.5% 9,900 49.7% 10,140 1.7% 354
1976 42.2% 7,223 57.0% 9,750 0.8% 139
1972 69.0% 11,453 30.0% 4,970 1.0% 166
1968 29.2% 4,645 32.5% 5,174 38.4% 6,111
1964 39.0% 5,262 60.8% 8,194 0.2% 28
1960 41.3% 5,169 56.3% 7,046 2.4% 295
1956 52.2% 5,274 47.4% 4,781 0.4% 41
1952 43.0% 4,705 56.9% 6,224 0.1% 13
1948 15.8% 1,000 69.1% 4,377 15.2% 962
1944 17.0% 1,001 74.4% 4,387 8.7% 510
1940 8.7% 572 91.2% 5,993 0.1% 7
1936 8.0% 342 91.9% 3,943 0.1% 5
1932 5.5% 287 94.5% 4,962 0.1% 4
1928 34.4% 1,209 65.6% 2,305
1924 7.5% 333 88.6% 3,914 3.9% 172
1920 7.7% 205 62.2% 1,661 30.2% 806
1916 4.3% 75 76.5% 1,344 19.2% 337
1912 3.9% 45 93.6% 1,068 2.5% 28

Crime

In previous eras criminals established moonshine stands. Around the 1970s some criminals established marijuana farms. As of 2011 the main drug dealing activity is the methamphetamine trade. Allen Hill, formerly of the Angelina County Narcotics Squad, said that the local meth trade is doing more damage to the county than drug couriers passing through the county, crack cocaine, and heroin. According to Hill, many Hispanic drug dealers increasingly sold imported "ice"-style meth made by drug cartels instead of crack cocaine or powdered cocaine, because they make more money than they did selling crack. Hill said that many of the drug dealers claim to be affiliated with Mexican drug cartels or gangs like MS-13.[14]

Education
Abandoned Redland Drive-in Theater off U.S. Highway 59 north of Lufkin
Among numerous rural churches in Angelina County is the Redtown Missionary Baptist Church (pastor Ross Black, 2010) of Pollok, located near the intersection of Texas Highways 103 and 7.

Primary/Secondary Education

The following school districts serve Angelina County (districts marked with (*) are located partly within the County and partly outside it):

Colleges and Universities

Angelina College, a community college, serves Angelina County.

Stephen F. Austin State University is located in Nacogdoches, which is located in neighboring Nacogdoches County.

Transportation

Major highways
  • U.S. Highway 59
  • Interstate 69 is currently under construction and will follow the current route of U.S. 59 in most places.
  • U.S. Highway 69
  • State Highway 7
  • State Highway 63
  • State Highway 94
  • State Highway 103
  • State Highway 147
  • Farm to Market Road 1818

US 59 goes through Angelina County. It is planned to be upgraded to interstate standards as part of the planned Interstate 69.

Bus

Greyhound Lines operates the Lufkin Station at the Kerrville Bus Company station in Lufkin.[15]

Airport

Angelina County Airport is located seven miles southwest of Lufkin.

Communities

Cities

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities
  • Soldiers Monument at Angelina County Courthouse
  • Angelina County Peace Officers Memorial at the courthouse
  • Fountain at Angelina County Courthouse

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. "About". Angelina County website. Archived from the original on 2015-02-02. Retrieved 2015-01-08.
  4. Lomax, John Nova. "Texas Tweakers." Houston Press. Wednesday November 16, 2011. 3. Retrieved on November 19, 2011.
  5. Texas State Handbook Online
  6. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  7. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  9. "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  10. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  11. "Sheriff's Office".
  12. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-11-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-07-19.
  14. Lomax, John Nova. "Texas Tweakers." Houston Press. Wednesday November 16, 2011. 4. Retrieved on November 19, 2011.
  15. ""Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-08-15. Retrieved 2012-07-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)." Greyhound Lines. Retrieved on July 29, 2012. NOTE: The information for Lufkin appears as a pop-up window.

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