Thodupuzha

Thodupuzha
Gateway of Highrange
Municipal town
Thodupuzha Civil Station
Coordinates: 9°54′00″N 76°43′01″E / 9.9000°N 76.7170°E / 9.9000; 76.7170Coordinates: 9°54′00″N 76°43′01″E / 9.9000°N 76.7170°E / 9.9000; 76.7170
Country  India
State Kerala
District Idukki
Government
 • Type First Grade Municipality
 • Municipal Chairperson Mrs mini madu
Elevation 40 m (130 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 52,045
Languages
 • Official Malayalam, English
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN 685584
Telephone code 04862
Vehicle registration KL-38
Nearest city Kottayam, Muvattupuzha, Ernakulam
Nearest Railway Station Aluva
Lok Sabha constituency Idukki
Climate Tropical monsoon (Köppen)
Avg. summer temperature 32.5 °C (90.5 °F)
Avg. winter temperature 20 °C (68 °F)
Major town in the District of Idukki

Thodupuzha is the largest town and municipality in Idukki district in the Kerala state of India, spread over an area of 35.43 km2. Thodupuzha is 57 km (35 mi) from Kottayam and 62 km (39 mi) south east of Kochi. Thodupuzha is 200 km from the state capital, Trivandrum. Geographical classification of Thodupuzha Region is Malanad or Idanad. Thodupuzha is also known as "Hollywood of Kerala" by its natural beauty and the place is major location for large number of Malayalam and Tamil movies.

Thodupuzha is also the name of the river that flows through the town. It is one of the largest town in the district and is a main commercial center. The town is being modernised with the help of a program sponsored by the World Bank, financing through the Government of Kerala. It was once part of the territory of the princely state, Travancore. It lies in central Kerala, southeast of Muvattupuzha. The Thodupuzha municipality area is characterized by a lot of green vegetation.

Etymology

The name 'Thodupuzha' might have come from two words, 'thodu' (which means a rivulet) and 'puzha' (which means a river). It is believed that the stream developed into a river, and the town on the banks of the river came to be known as Thodupuzha.

There is another version which defines the word ‘thodu’ (Malayalam word) as ‘touch’ and ‘puzha’ as ‘river’. Thus the town touching the river became Thodupuzha. Mattathil Kovilakam was the protectors and rulers of the Desham (region) Thodupuzha that they were in and a reported relationship emerged to a "Naadu Vaazhi" (Ruler of the land)of Keezhmalainadu. Naadu, which is a group of Deshams, came to known as Thodupuzha. The last ruler of the desam was Elasamprathi(Ruler of a region appointed by Maharaja of Keezhmalainadu) Shri Narayana Menon originally from Trivandrum and he was the representative of Maharaja Raja. His official residence was Mattathil Kovilakam located in Chalamkode Village. Official Headquarters of Keezhmalainadu were Karikodu.

History

In records of Kerala state Archaeology Department Sarvadhikari Elasamprathi Shri Narayana Menon of Keezhmalainadu/Vadakku was the ruler and father of Thodupuzha. The Kings of Vadakkumkoor used to live at Karikode for several years. At the time of King Marthanda Varma, Vadakkumkoor became part of the state of Travancore. He appointed his representative 'sarvadhikari' Elasamprathi Narayanamenon of MATTATHIL from Neyyattinkara (Trivandrum) to flourish Thodupuzha. The period of his reign was the golden age of Keezhmalainadu. He erected many monuments, including the government offices, Pandika Shala and Temples. The Karikode Mosque and other buildings in Thodupuzha and Muvattupuzha also date from his reign. He was also the founder of the new style tax collection in this region. He traveled every day from Chalamkode to Karikkodu in a Pallakku (palanquin). The relics of the fort is still there at Karikode.The Annamalai Temple, which carries the traits of Tamil Architecture is at Karikode. At this temple are statues and lamps made out of stone and metal, believed to have been made in the 14th century. Thodupuzha is an ancient town with a history dating back to many centuries. The Buddhist and Jain religions which made their first inroads into Kerala in 300 BC have left their impact at Thodupuzha and neighbouring areas. The Buddhist religious relics found at Karikode near Thodupuzha is proof of this. In 14th century AD, Kerala was divided for administrative reasons into several provinces such as Venadu, Otanadu, Navishainadu, Munjunadu, Vempolinadu, and Keezhmalainadu. Thodupuzha and Muvattupuzha were in Keezhmalainadu which had its headquarters at Karikode. Keezhmalainadu was in existence till AD 1600. In that year it lost a battle with Vadakkumkoor and became a part of it. The church at Muthalakodam, a small town, 4 kilometers from Thodupuzha, is believed to have been constructed before the 13th century. The Ninnar Mosque near Karikode is said to have been constructed by Sarvadikari Elasmprathi Narayana Menon and instructions given by the Vadakumkoor Raja for his Muslim soldiers.

At the formation of Kerala state in 1956, Thodupuzha was part of the Ernakulam district. In the year 1972, Idukki district was formed by merging Thodupuzha taluk along with Devikulam, Udumbanchola and Peermade taluks, which were part of the erstwhile Kottayam district.

Climate

Climate data for Thodupuzha, Kerala
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 31.8
(89.2)		 32.8
(91)		 33.9
(93)		 33.9
(93)		 32.9
(91.2)		 30.6
(87.1)		 29.8
(85.6)		 29.8
(85.6)		 30.5
(86.9)		 30.6
(87.1)		 30.7
(87.3)		 31.3
(88.3)		 31.6
(88.8)
Average low °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8)		 23.0
(73.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 25.5
(77.9)		 25.3
(77.5)		 24.2
(75.6)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.8
(74.8)		 23.7
(74.7)		 23.5
(74.3)		 22.4
(72.3)		 23.8
(74.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 23
(0.91)		 43
(1.69)		 64
(2.52)		 170
(6.69)		 360
(14.17)		 705
(27.76)		 779
(30.67)		 587
(23.11)		 342
(13.46)		 368
(14.49)		 208
(8.19)		 64
(2.52)		 3,713
(146.18)
Source: Climate-Data.org[2]

Demographics

Religious census
Religion Percent(%)
Hindu
 
 51.62%
Christian
 
 33.05%
Muslim
 
 15.33%
Sikh
 
 0.01%
Buddhist
 
 0.03%
Jain
 
 0.00%
Other
 
 0.04%

As of 2001 India census,[3] the total population of 46,226. Males constitute 49%of the population and females 51%. Thodupuzha has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 84%, and female literacy is 81%. In Thodupuzha, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Transportation

University College of Engineering
Sri Krishna Swami temple

Road

Old bridge of Thodupuzha

Thodupuzha has an excellent network of roads which connects it to the nearby towns and cities. The Main Eastern Highway (Muvattupuzha - Punalur / SH-08 / 154 km) passes through Thodupuzha and connects it to two of its neighboring towns, Muvattupuzha and Pala. Thodupuzha-Puliyanmala road (SH-33) connects Thodupuzha to Idukki District centre at Painavu as well as tourist destinations like Idukki Dam and Thekkadi. Alappuzha-Madurai road (SH-40) also passes through Thodupuzha town. SH-43 which connects Muvattupuzha with Theni passes through some parts of the Thodupuzha Taluk but doesn’t pass through Thodupuzha town.Other state highways, Tekkady - Ernakulam and Sabarimala - Neryamangalam also passes through Thodupuzha town. New 4 Lane Highway Proposed from Muvattupuzha to Kakkanad if materializes will connect Thodupuzha to Kochi in Less than 45 minutes to reach reducing the distance to 50 kilometres.

Thodupuzha - Pala, Thodupuzha - Muvattupuzha highways are one of the best roads in Kerala which were recently upgraded by KSTP.

The newly constructing KSRTC bus station will give depot status (now a Sub depot) to Thodupuzha KSRTC station. Many new inter state services expected to start from Thodupuzha after the commissioning of new KSRTC bus station. Bus services at frequent intervals are there to nearby places like Kottayam, Ernakulam, Vaikom, Kattappana, Thrissur, Trivandrum etc. from Thodupuzha. Recently this depot has added several high-tech low floor buses, which provides luxury transportation facilities, to their fleet.

Railway

At present Thodupuzha has no railway connectivity. The nearest major Railway Stations are Aluva railway station which is 55 kilometres away from Thodupuzha, Kottayam railway station is at 54 kilometres away from Thodupuzha. The proposed Angamaly-Erumely Sabari Railway to Sabarimala passes through Thodupuzha, and Thodupuzha railway station is planned to be constructed near Thodupuzha Co-operative hospital. Construction of Sabari Railway is completed up to Kalady railway station and Periyar bridge. The railway link will probably complete till Muvattupuzha and may be, up to Thodupuzha. Railways sees the terrain as difficult due to hills and loose soil in the Meenachil taluk and beyond. Also, the population density is lower in Thodupuzha,Pala and southwards, known as lowranges, in the foothills of Western ghats. There is also opposition from locals in the eastern part of Kottayam district through which the proposed railway alignment is.

Economy and infrastructure

Thodupuzha's economy is driven by agriculture, business and small industries. Farmers in Thodupuzha raise a number of crops, mostly rubber. Other crops such as pineapple, coconut, rice, pepper, cocoa, tapioca, banana, ginger, turmeric etc. are also being cultivated in plenty. In recent years Thodupuzha has showed more interest in promoting tourism. The face of Thodupuzha changed a lot in the last decade owing to the Developments after the changeover of the status from Taluk to Municipality. The new private bus stand, Temple Bypass road, Kanjiramattom Bypass road, Kothayikkunnu Bypass, Vengaloor Bypass, Mangattu Kavala 4 lane road, Mini Civil Station, New Bridge, Municipal Park, Shopping complex at bus stand, New Townhall complex etc. are noted landmarks which changed the look of Thodupuzha to a planned city. The first manufacturing industry in the District, Dhanwanthari Vaidyasala has its headquarters in Thodupuzha. The footwear brand Lunar's has its operations base at Thodupuzha. Thodupzha is strategically located in route of Highranges to other Central Kerala towns like Ernakulam and Kottayam. However the lack of well developed roads from Highranges to reach Thodupuzha has led to the usage of Aluva - Munnar road and Kottayam - Kumaly road as the main transport route by the people of highranges. The proposed new state highways; Tekkady - Ernakulam and Muvattupuzha - Theni once fully operational will drastically change the mobility from highranges.

Politics

Civil Station

Thodupuzha was administered by a village panchayat and village union for several years, But on 1 September 1978, Thodupuzha was upgraded into a municipality. The Thodupuzha Municipality was formed by merging the Thodupuzha Panchayat and the neighbouring Panchayats of Kumaramangalam, Karicodu and Manacaud. The municipality was administered by a special officer for 10 long years. In 1988, elections were held and the first popularly elected municipal council came into existence with Advocate N. Chandran as the Chairman. Today the Municipality has 35 wards. There is a Chairman, a Vice Chairman, and various Standing Committees to carry out the civic administration. Safiya Jabbar of the [United Democratic Front (Kerala)|[UDF]] is the present Municipal Chairperson of Thodupuzha Municipality following the Kerala Local Self Government institutions election in 2015.[4]

Thodupuzha is an assembly constituency and P J Joseph is the present MLA of Thodupuzha. He got elected 9th time from Thodupuzha marked with highest majority in the 2016 Kerala assembly of 45,587 votes . He is admired for the planned developments carried out during the tenure as MLA and Minister. Knowledge city, Malankara dam tourism project, Sports complex and Thodupuzha ring roads are his dream plans which we should see how it materialises. Thodupuzha assembly constituency is part of Idukki (Lok Sabha constituency) for which Joice George is the present MP.

Healthcare

There are at least 2150 hospital beds within the municipal area, serving a population less than 50,000 making a hospital beds per 1000 population of about 250 which is above UK average of 3.78 and USA average of 3.32. Besides, Thodupuzha is also an important hub of alternate medicine, with 3 major Ayurvedic groups having their headquarters in Thodupuzha including the 85 year old Dhanwanthari Group. There are so many hospitals in Thodupuzha area. Some of the hospitals in the area include District Ayurveda Hospital, Taluk Hospital (Karikode), St. Mary's Hospital (Idukki Road), Holy Family Hospital(Muthalakodam), Chazhikattu Hospitals, Archana hospital (Muvattupuzha Road), Mount Sinai Hospital ( Mount Sinai Road ), St Josephs Hospital and Children's Clinic ( Mount Sinai Road ). Al Azhar medical college at Ezhallor is 7 km away from the town. Thodupuzha taluk hospital got upgraded to District hospital recently. Also a specialty hospital and cancer center is being constructed near Vengaloor junction.

The Ayurvedic Group Dhanwanthari Vaidyasala (Estd.1933) has a 100-bed Ayurvedic Hospital In Thodupuzha.

Smita Memorial Hospital and Research Centre (SMHRC) Thodupuzha, Kerala

The proposed Hospital at Thodupuzha is intended to be a multi-specialty Hospital, located between the Thodupuzha – Moovattupuzha High Way Road and the perennial Thodupuzhayayr. It is a 416 bed hospital with 334 single rooms, 6 operation theatres, 5 ICUs and other amenities. It is planned to be the first fully specialized cancer center in central Kerala.

Entertainment

Movie theaters

  • Aashirvad Cineplexx Aashish, 2K DOLBY ATMOS, 3D
  • Aashirvad Cineplexx Anisha, 2K DOLBY ATMOS, 3D
  • Aashirvad Cineplexx Pranav, 4K DOLBY ATMOS, 3D
  • Aashirvad Cineplexx Vismaya, 4K DOLBY ATMOS, 3D
  • Silver Hills Cinemas Screen 1 4K
  • Silver Hills Cinemas Screen 2 4K
  • Silver Hills Cinemas Screen 3
  • Vismaya Cinemax

Tourist attractions

Although Thodupuzha itself is not a major tourist destination, it is the gateway to tourist destinations like Munnar, Thekkadi, Idukki Dam, and Peermade.

Thommankuthu

Thommankuthu waterfalls

Thommankuthu is a famous tourism destination 20 km from Thodupuzha, has a series of waterfalls. In addition, there are several caves and viewpoints. The waterfall in Kaliyar river origins from the hills Palkulam medu, 4000 Feet above Sea level.

Uravappara

Uravapara is a hillock temple situated at Olamattom near Thodupuzha, at a height of 500 ft above sea level. Today, Uravapara is known for its religious activities. The annual festival of the temple is conducted in the Malayalam month ‘Makaram’ (January/February) each year.

Illikal Kallu

Illikal Kallu (malayalam: ഇല്ലിക്കല്‍ കല്ല്) is a major tourist attraction spot in Kottayam district of Kerala (India). Situated about 3400 feet above sea level, it is also one of the highest peak in the Western ghats. Illikal Kallu is a rock situated above Illikal Mala. The thing that makes this rock unique is that half of the rock has fallen off, and only the other half remains. This supplements the mountains which surrounds the rock. It is 30 km away from Thodupuzha.

Malankara Dam

Morning view of Malankara Dam reservoir from Kudayathoor

Malankara, which is situated at a distance of 6 km from Thodupuzha is an upcoming tourist destination. Malankara is known for its irrigation project, the Malankara Dam, the Reservoir constructed across the tail waters of Moolamattom Power House. This artificial lake is located near to the Thodupuzha – Moolamattom Road (State Highway 33) covering an area of around 11 km. Malankara Dam is a gravity dam and is a project of Muvattupuzha Valley Irrigation Project and KSEB ( Kerala State Electricity Board ). Constructed across the Thodupuzha river for the purpose of irrigation, this reservoir is a picnic spot too. There is also a park nearby the reservoir, which is under construction. The Malankara Tourism Project has been launched by the Department of Tourism and the site will be soon turned into a tourist spot. As a part of the project, steps are being taken by the Government of Kerala for the protection of trees and developing the area to an entertainment park.

Ilaveezhapoonchira

Ilaveezha Poonchira is one of the tourist destinations in Kerala. Spread over thousands of acres of the Kottayam district, the valleys of Ilaveezhapoonchira is a picnic spot. Situated at a distance of 24 km from Thodupuzha via Kanjar and 20 km via Kanjiramkavala, the spot located at the foot of the hillocks of Mankunnu, Kudayathur hill and Thonippara, each rising to about 3200 ft above sea level, makes it a place for trekking. At the top of these hills, one can view large parts of Idukki, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Alapuzha, Pathanamthitta and Thrissur districts.

Moolamattam Power House

The Idukki Hydroelectric Project is the biggest hydrolectric Project in Kerala (India). It comprises three dams at Idukki, Cheruthony and Kulamavu and related systems. The power house at Moolamattom is the longest underground power station in India and the pressure shaft is the largest in the country. The Idukki Dam is one of the highest dams in the world and the first arch dam in India. Cheruthony is the largest and highest gravity dam in Kerala. The Project harnesses a major portion of the power potential of Periyar, the largest river in Kerala, by the creation of a reservoir of 2,000 M.cum (2 Billion Tonnes) capacity, diversion of waters thus impounded through a water conductor system consisting of a power tunnel and two underground pressure shafts to an underground power house situated in Moolamattom. The installed capacity of the Power House is 780MW consisting of 6 Units of Pelton-type turbines with a power generation capacity of 130 MW each. The regulated waters of Periyar falls through a drop of about 669.2 metres (2195 feet) while generating power in the underground power house. Irrigation The tail waters flowing to Kudayathurpuzha through tunnel and open channel is diverted for irrigation purposes in the Muvattupuzha Valley. Visitors are only allowed to visit the area under special permissions due to security reasons.

Thumpichi Calvery Samuchayam

This is a Christian Pilgrim Centre and the pilgrims climb up the hill during Lent and Good Friday. The way to the Mountain is graced by the 14 crosses placed at regular intervals.

Elappally Waterfalls

Elappally Waterfalls

Elappally is 26 km from Thodupuzha town, 106 km from Kochi city. The Elappally Falls are situated on the Moolamattom - Wagamon road, which originates in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. This fall will be active only in monsoon season and will be dry during the summer season.

Vagamon

Vagamon meadows, Kerala, India
Route to Vagamon

Vagamon is a hill station situated 1200 meters above sea level, 42 km from Thodupuzha.

The hill station also provides option of trekking, paragliding or rock climbing for adventurous seekers. The place has many varieties of flora and fauna located in various parts of hilly region. Evergreen tress, tall grasses and shrubs are present in the lower regions of Vagomon. Many rare species of birds, insects, wild buffaloes and elephants can be easily located in the forests. The main attractions are here mist-covered mountains and lakes, Pilgrim centers – Kurishumala, Murugan temple, Burial chamber of Sufi saint and Pine forests

Chalachitra Nagari

Thodupuzha has attracted many Malayalam movie makers. Of late Thodupuzha has become a hot spot for Malayalam movies especially with scenic background. Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njanum, Vargam, Nasrani, Manassinakkare, Kunjikoonan, Rasathanthram, Palunku, Detective, Veruthe Oru Bharya, Film Star, Swantham Lekhakan, Kadha Parayumbol, Samastha Keralam PO, Pappy Appacha, Vairam: Fight For Justice, Janapriyan, Arya, Swapnam Kondu Thulabharam, Elsamma Enna Aankutty, Marykkundoru Kunjaadu, Oridathoru Postman, Detective, Vismayathumbathu, Sringaravelan Swapna Sanchari, 101 Weddings, Evidam Swargamanu, Daivathinte Swantham Cleetus, Drishyam(Tamil and malayalam), Om Shanti Oshana, Vajram, Rebecca Uthup Kizhakkemala, Vellimoonga, Thoppil Joppan, Oppam, Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan, Swarna Kaduva, Aadupuliyattam, Janapriyan etc. are some of the movies shot at and around Thodupuzha.

Kaypa Kavala[5] is a sleepy little place and it was here that the climax for the movie ′Drishyam′ was shot in both Tamil and Malayalam was shot. The place also has a shop where the hero had his mobile TV shop.[5]

Kaatadikkadavu

Situated 25 km[6] from Thodupuzha, Kaatadikkadavu is hidden away and quite hard to find.There's a bit of a climb on foot though the view from the top is very rewarding.

Education

  • The first center of higher learning which started functioning in Thodupuzha Taluk was Newman College, Thodupuzha. It was established in 1964 by the Syrian Catholic Diocese of Kothamangalam, and named after Cardinal Newman.
  • The second college of Thodupuzha was established in 1982: St.Joseph's College at Arakkulam.
  • The University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha managed and run by the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, is located in Thodupuzha which is the first of its kind in the state of Kerala. The college started functioning in 1996. The college campus is located over 25 acres (100,000 m2) of land at Muttom, 7 km from Thodupuzha, by the side of State Highway No 33.
  • College of Applied Science, Thodupuzha operates in the field of IT and Electronics education in Idukki district affiliated to MG University. Established in 2000, the college is managed by Institute of Human Resources Development (IHRD) Thiruvananthapuram, a Government of Kerala undertaking established in 1987. The college is situated at a distance of 2 km from Thodupuzha town by the side of Thodupuzha-Idukki road.

Other colleges in Thodupuzha include

  • Santhigiri College at Vazhithala
  • Al Azhar Medical College & Super Speciality Hospital[7]
  • Viswajyothi College of Engineering, vazhakkulam
  • Dhanwanthari Institute of Paramedical Sciences
  • Al-Azhar College of Arts and Science
  • Al-Azhar Dental College
  • Al-Azhar college of Engineering & Technology
  • Al-Azhar Training college, Thodupuzha East Perumpillichira
  • College of Applied Science, Olamattom
  • St. Thomas College of Teacher Education.

Some of the schools in Thodupuzha include

The engineering colleges around Thodupuzha are

Law Colleges

Places of worship

  • Thodupuzha SreeKrishna Swami Temple
  • Kanjiramttom Shiva Temple
  • Uravappara Subramanya Swami Temple
  • Manakkad Narasimha Swami Temple
  • Muthaliyarmadom Mahadeva Temple
  • Karikode Bhagavathy Temple
  • Sreekrisna temple Edavetty
  • Ayyappa temple Thekkumbhagom
  • St. Sebastian's Forane Church, Thodupuzha
  • Karikode Nainar Juma Masjid
  • Thodupuzha Town Juma Masjid
  • Annapurneswari Temple, Thodupuzha
  • St George Forance Church, Muthalakodam
  • St Marys Forane Church, Chunkom
  • St Mary's church nakapuzha
  • St Mary's church Nediyasala
  • Newman College Church, Thodupuzha

How to reach

Thodupuzha, although situated on the easternmost portion of the midlands starting just east of Kochi, is accessible from every part of the state due to good road connectivity. Although, eastern and southern parts connectivity is affected by the hilly geography owing to being closer to Western Ghats (High Ranges), the connectivity to Muvattupuzha in the western side gives Thodupuzha region easy access to most of the destinations. The important highway passing through the town is Punaloor-Muvattupuzha Main Eastern Highway. This hill highway connects a string of towns lying on the border of Western ghats including Punaloor, Pathanapuram, Konni, Ranni, Ponkunnam, Pala and Thodupuzha to the major intersection at Muvattupuzha, where Main Central Road and NH 49 meets. Other major roads are Thodupuzha-Puliyanmala highway connecting to Idukki, Kattappana and other parts of high ranges. Thodupuzha-Muttom-Erattupetta, Thodupuzha-Muthalakodam-Vannappuram, Thodupuzha-Vaikom roads also are strategic roads to Thodupuzha.

  • Kochi- Thrippunithura-Kolenchery-Muvattupuzha-Thodupuzha (63 km)
  • Trivandrum- Kottarakkara-Changanassery-Kottayam-Pala-Thodupuzha (208 km)
  • Kottayam- Ettumanoor-Pala-Thodupuzha (56 km)
  • Thrissur- Chalakudy-Angamaly-Perumbavoor-Muvattupuzha-Thodupuzha (100 km)
  • Alappuzha- Muhamma-Thanneermukkom-Vechoor-Manjoor-Kuravilangadu-Koothattukulam-Marika-Vazhithala-Thodupuzha (83 km)
  • Munnar- Pallivasal-Adimaly-Oonnukal-Paingottur-Vengallur-Thodupuzha (93 km)
  • Theni- Cumbum-Kumily-Kattappana-Idukki-Thodupuzha (158 km)

Notable people

Landmarks

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Census of India: Search Details". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  2. ↑ "CLIMATE: THODUPUZHA", Climate-Data.org. Web: .
  3. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
  4. ↑ "November 18 in pics". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
  5. 1 2 http://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/celebrity-travel/2017/07/14/kaypa-kavala-celluloid-fame-drishyam.html
  6. ↑ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  7. ↑ "Al-Azhar Super Speciality Hospital And Medical College (AAMC)". www.aamc.org.in. Retrieved 2016-12-12.
  8. ↑ "Technical HS Schools". Institute of Human Resources Development. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  9. ↑ "University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha". ucet.ac.in. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  10. ↑ "Ascendum Executive Leadership". 25 February 2008.
  11. ↑ "CIO Review". June 2015.
  12. ↑ http://www.malayalammovies.org/artist/nishanth-sagar

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