Peterborough (UK Parliament constituency)

Peterborough
Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
Outline map
Boundary of Peterborough in Cambridgeshire.
Outline map
Location of Cambridgeshire within England.
County Cambridgeshire
Electorate 72,787 (December 2010)[1]
Current constituency
Created 1974 (1974)
Member of parliament Fiona Onasanya (Labour)
Number of members One
1918–1974 (1974)
Number of members One
Type of constituency County constituency
1541–1918
Number of members 1541–1885: Two
1885–1918: One
Type of constituency Borough constituency
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency East of England

Peterborough is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament. Its current form is the direct, unbroken successor of a smaller constituency that was created in the mid-16th century as such used for the legislatures of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom (UK). Today's version of the seat elects one Member of Parliament by the first past the post system of election since 1885, before which its earlier form had two-member representation using the similar bloc vote system and both forms had a broadening but restricted franchise until 1918.

The serving Member is Labour's Fiona Onasanya. Peterborough is one of two won (held or gained) by a Labour candidate in 2017 from a total of seven covering its county. Onasanya's 2017 win was one of 30 net gains of the Labour Party.

Boundaries

The City of Peterborough formed a parliamentary borough returning two Members in 1541. The rest of the Soke of Peterborough was part of the Northamptonshire parliamentary county; the area south of the River Nene was in the historic county of Huntingdonshire and Thorney was considered part of Cambridgeshire. Until 1832 when the whole of the parish of Saint John the Baptist was encompassed, the boundary, as far as is known, excluded the villages of Longthorpe, Dogsthorpe and Newark with Eastfield. The Great Reform Act did not affect the borough, while the rural portion of the Soke was included in the Northern division of Northamptonshire. New Fletton was transferred from Huntingdonshire in 1868 and in 1918 the parliamentary borough was abolished and replaced with a new division of the parliamentary county of Northampton with the Soke of Peterborough,[2] including the whole of the Soke and neighbouring parts of the administrative county of Northamptonshire, extending down to and beyond Thrapston and Corby. This became a county constituency under the 1948 revisions, when the boundaries of the constituency were adjusted to correspond to those of the Soke and they remained much the same until 1970.[3] Peterborough became a borough constituency in 1974.

PeriodIncorporating
1918–1950The administrative county of the Soke of Peterborough (the Municipal Borough of Peterborough and the Rural Districts of Barnack and Peterborough), the Urban District of Oundle, the Rural Districts of Easton-on-the-Hill and Gretton and parts of the Rural Districts of Oundle and Thrapston
1950–1974The Municipal Borough of Peterborough, the Urban District of Oundle, the Rural Districts of Barnack and Peterborough and part of the Rural Districts of Oundle and Thrapston
1974–1983The Municipal Borough of Peterborough and the Rural Districts of Barnack, Peterborough and Thorney
1983–1997The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Fletton, North, Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville, Park, Paston, Ravensthorpe, Stanground, Walton and West
1997–2010The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, North, Park, Paston, Ravensthorpe, Walton, Werrington and West
2010–2016The City of Peterborough wards of Bretton North, Bretton South, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Eye and Thorney, Newborough, North, Park, Paston, Ravensthorpe, Walton, Werrington North, Werrington South and West
2016–dateThe City of Peterborough wards of Bretton, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Eye Thorney and Newborough, Gunthorpe, North, Park, Paston and Walton, Ravensthorpe, Werrington and West

Following their review of parliamentary representation in Cambridgeshire in 2005, the Boundary Commission for England made minor alterations to the existing constituencies to deal with population changes. The electoral wards used to create the modified Peterborough constituency fought at the 2010 general election and the 2015 general election were: Bretton North, Bretton South, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Eye and Thorney, Newborough, North, Park, Paston, Ravensthorpe, Walton, Werrington North, Werrington South, and West.[4] These changes increased the electorate from 64,893 to 70,640. On the enumeration date of 17 February 2000, the electoral quota for England was 69,934 voters per constituency.[5]

Following another review of parliamentary representation in Cambridgeshire in 2016, the Boundary Commission for England again made minor alterations to the existing constituencies to deal with population changes. The electoral wards used to create the modified Peterborough constituency for the 2017 general election are: Bretton, Central, Dogsthorpe, East, Eye Thorney and Newborough, Gunthorpe, North, Park, Paston and Walton, Ravensthorpe, Werrington and West.[4] These changes increased the electorate from 70,640 to (unknown figure at this time – being researched).

The Peterborough wards of Barnack, Fletton and Stanground, Fletton and Woodston, Glinton and Castor, Hampton Vale, Hargate and Hempsted, Orton Longueville, Orton Waterville, Stanground South and Wittering form part of the North West Cambridgeshire constituency created in 1997 from parts of Peterborough and Huntingdon constituencies. The serving member for North West Cambridgeshire is the Conservative, Shailesh Vara MP, who succeeded Sir Brian Mawhinney, former Secretary of State for Transport and Chairman of the Conservative Party, in 2005. Mawhinney, who had previously served as Member of Parliament for Peterborough from 1979, was created Baron Mawhinney, of Peterborough in the county of Cambridgeshire in 2005. Eye and Thorney was previously included in the North East Cambridgeshire (prior to 1983 Isle of Ely) constituency.

Franchise

The Guildhall, Cathedral Square (1669–1671), site of the former Market Place.

In the unreformed House of Commons to be either a candidate or an elector for a county seat, a man had to own (not rent) freehold property valued for the land tax at two pounds a year (women could neither vote nor stand for election). This was known as the 40/- freehold. The franchise for borough seats varied enormously. Originally in Peterborough the dean and chapter had claimed the franchise and held that only residents of Minster Precincts were burgesses. By the interregnum, the city was one of 37 boroughs in which suffrage was restricted to those paying scot and lot, a form of municipal taxation. In 1800 there were 2,000 registered voters in Northamptonshire and 400 in Peterborough. By 1835 this was 576, or about one per cent of the population.[6] Bribery was general until the introduction of the secret ballot under the Ballot Act 1872. Votes were cast by spoken declaration, in public, at the hustings, erected on the Market Place (now Cathedral Square).[7]

In 1832 the Great Reform Act enfranchised those who owned or leased land worth £10 or more and the Second Reform Act extended this to all householders paying £10 or more in rent per annum, effectively enfranchising the skilled working class, so by 1868 the percentage of voters in Peterborough had risen to about 20% of the population.[8] The Third Reform Act extended the provisions of the previous act to the counties and the Fourth Reform Act widened suffrage further by abolishing practically all property qualifications for men and by enfranchising women over 30 who met minimum property qualifications. This system, known as universal manhood suffrage, was first used in the 1918 general election. However, full electoral equality wouldn't occur until the Fifth Reform Act ten years later.

According to the 2001 census, the population count of Peterborough constituency is 95,103 persons, comprising 46,131 males and 48,972 females. 67.56% of those aged 16–74 are economically active, including 5.92% umemployed; a further 12.26% are retired and 3.08% students. Of a total 39,760 households, 63.80% are owner occupied, fewer than the regional (72.71%) and national (68.72%) averages.[9] Turnout at the 2005 general election was 41,194 or 61.0% of those eligible to vote, below the regional (63.6%) and national (61.3%) figures.

Members of Parliament

The Town Hall, Upper Bridge Street (1930–1933), formerly Narrow Street.

Peterborough sent two members to parliament for the first time in 1547. Before the civil war, many were relatives of the clergy; then for two hundred years after the restoration there was always a Fitzwilliam, or a Fitzwilliam nominee, sitting as member for Peterborough, making it a Whig stronghold.[10] Representation was reduced to one member under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[11]

One of the earliest incumbents, Sir Walter Mildmay, member for Peterborough from 1553 to 1554, subsequently became Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1559 to 1589. Later, in the nineteenth century, William Elliot, Whig member from 1802 until his death in 1819, was Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland between 1806 and 1807; the Hon. William Lamb (later the 2nd Viscount Melbourne), Whig member from 1816 to 1819, became Home Secretary in 1830 then Prime Minister from 1834 to 1841; and Sir James Scarlett (later the 1st Baron Abinger), Whig member from 1819 to 1830, was, from 1827, Attorney General for England and Wales.[12]

From the formal merger of the breakaway Liberal Unionists with the Conservatives in 1912 and the absorption of rural North Northamptonshire in 1918, Peterborough has been predominantly Conservative; however, it has elected Labour MPs several times from 1929 onwards.

Lord Burghley, as he then was, succeeded the socialist writer and illustrator, Frank Horrabin, who was born in the city and elected under the leadership of Ramsay MacDonald in 1929.[13] David Cecil, 6th Marquess of Exeter, winner of 400m hurdles at the 1928 Summer Olympics, member of the International Olympic Committee for 48 years and chairman of the organising committee of the 1948 Summer Olympics, was the Conservative member from 1931 to 1943.

In 1966, in one of the closest polls in UK history, Sir Harmar Nicholls held the seat by three votes after seven recounts. Nicholls was the Conservative member from 1950 to 1974, when he lost in the October election of that year to Labour's Michael Ward, having held on by just 22 votes after four recounts in the election eight months earlier.[14] The growth in the New Town from 1967 may in part account for Labour's victory here in 1974. In 1979, however, Ward lost the seat to the Conservative Brian Mawhinney, who would represent Peterborough for the entire duration of the incoming Conservative government and was a Cabinet Minister and Conservative Party Chairman during the second Major government (1992–97).

The seat was made more competitive in the 1997 boundary review by the formation of the North West Cambridgeshire seat, which incorporated the rural land outside Peterborough and several Conservative-inclined wards from the city. Since its formation, North West Cambridgeshire has been one of the safest Conservative seats in the country, whilst Peterborough was ranked 93rd in the Conservatives's one hundred most vulnerable seats (the ones which the other parties must take if there is to be a change of government) and 73rd on Labour's target list; these factors led Mawhinney to stand in North West Cambridgeshire instead.

Helen Clark (née Brinton) won the seat for Labour in 1997. She was defeated at the 2005 general election, following which it was widely reported that Clark was planning to defect to the Conservative Party,[15] an announcement which was not popular locally.[16] However, by early June it emerged that while she had left the Labour Party, she had not in fact joined the Conservatives and did not intend to.[17]

Clark's successor as MP, Stewart Jackson, was re-elected in 2010 with an increased majority, which then fell in 2015. The 2017 result marks the first time since 1929 that Peterborough has voted Labour in an election where the Conservatives won the national popular vote, and the first time it has ever elected a Labour MP in a year in which Labour did not form the government. Furthermore, Peterborough became one of five constituencies, the others being Croydon Central, Enfield Southgate, Leeds North West and Reading East, which elected Labour MPs in 2017 having not done so since 2001.

Parliamentary Borough 1547–1918

MPs 1542–1660

ElectionSenior MemberJunior Member
1542Sir Thomas Moyle[18]
1547Sir Wymond Carew, died
and replaced in 1552 by John Campanett[19]		Richard Pallady[20]
March 1553??
Oct. 1553Sir Walter Mildmay[21]Sir William FitzWilliam[22]
April 1554John Gamlin (Gamblin, Gamlyn)[23]Giles Isham
Nov. 1554William Liveley[24]Gilbert Bull
1555Maurice TyrellJohn Mountsteven
1558Giles IshamThomas Hussey
1559Sir William FitzWilliamRobert Wingfield, Jr.
1562John FitzWilliam
1571William Fitzwilliam[25]Henry Cheke, sat for Bedford
and replaced by Brian Ansley
1572Robert Wingfield, Jr., died
and replaced in 1581 by Sir William FitzWilliam		Hugh FitzWilliam died
and replaced 1576 by Humphrey Mildmay
1584William Fitzwilliam[25]James Scambler
1586Thomas Hacke
1589Sir Thomas ReedeThomas Howland
1593William Hacke
1597John WingfieldAlexander Neville
1601Nicholas TuftonGoddard Pemberton
1603Sir Richard Cecil of WakerleyEdward Wymarke
1614Sir William WalterRoger Manwood
1621Mildmay Fane[26]Walter Fitzwilliam
1624Sir Francis Fane[27]Laurence Whitaker
1625Sir Christopher Hatton
1626Mildmay Fane, Lord Burghersh
1628
The Short Parliament (April–May 1640)
April 1640David CecilWilliam FitzWilliam, 2nd Baron FitzWilliam
The Long Parliament (1640–1648), the Rump Parliament (1648–1653) and the Barebone's Parliament (1653)
Nov. 1640William FitzWilliam, 2nd Baron FitzWilliamSir Robert Napier, 2nd Baronet
The First Protectorate Parliament (1654–1655); one member only
1654Col. Alexander Blake[28]
The Second (1656–1658) and Third (1659) Protectorate Parliaments
1656Col. Alexander BlakeFrancis St John

MPs 1660–1883

The Tories (or Abhorrers) and Whigs (or Petitioners) originated in the Court and Country parties that emerged in the aftermath of the civil war, although it is more accurate to describe them as loose tendencies, both of which might be regarded as conservative in modern terms.[29] Modern party politics did not really begin to coalesce in Great Britain until at least 1784.

Election First Member[30] 1st Party Second Member[30]2nd Party
The Rump Parliament recalled (1659) and the Long Parliament restored (1660)
1660 Sir Humphrey Orme[31] Court Charles Fane, Lord le Despencer Country
1666 Edward Palmer[32] Whig
1667 William FitzWilliam, 3rd Baron FitzWilliam[33] Whig
1671 Sir Vere Fane Whig
Feb. 1679 Francis St John Whig
Aug. 1679 Charles Orme Whig
1681 William FitzWilliam, 3rd Baron FitzWilliam Whig
1685 Charles FitzWilliam Whig Charles Orme Whig
Jan 1689 Sir Gilbert Dolben, 1st Baronet[34] Whig
Dec 1689 Sir William Brownlow, 4th Baronet Whig
1698 Hon. Sidney Wortley-Montagu Whig Francis St John Whig
1701 Sir Gilbert Dolben, 1st Baronet Whig
1710 John FitzWilliam, Viscount Milton Whig Charles Parker Tory
1722 Hon. Sidney Wortley-Montagu Whig
1727 Sir Edward O'Bryan, 2nd Baronet[35] Tory
1727 Hon. Sidney Wortley-Montagu Whig
1728 by-election Joseph Banks Whig
1729 by-election Charles Gounter-Nicoll Whig
Jan. 1734 by-election Armstead Parker Tory
April 1734 Sir Edward Wortley Montagu Whig
1741 William FitzWilliam, 3rd Earl FitzWilliam Whig
1742 by-election Armstead Parker Tory
1747 Sir Matthew Lamb, 1st Baronet[36] Whig
1761 Armstead Parker Tory
March 1768 Matthew Wyldbore Whig
Nov. 1768 by-election Henry Belasyse, Viscount Belasyse Whig
1774 by-election Richard Benyon Whig[37]
1780 James Farrel Phipps Whig[37]
1786 by-election Hon. Lionel Damer Whig[37]
1796 Dr. French Laurence[38] Whig[37]
1802 William Elliot Whig[37]
1809 by-election Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock Whig[37]
1812 George Ponsonby[39] Whig[37]
1816 by-election Hon. William Lamb[40] Whig[37]
Feb. 1819 by-election Sir James Scarlett[41] Whig[37]
Nov. 1819 by-election Sir Robert Heron, 2nd Baronet[42] Whig[43][37]
Aug. 1830 Charles Wentworth-FitzWilliam, Viscount Milton[44] Whig[37]
Nov. 1830 by-election John Nicholas Fazakerley Whig[37]
1841 Hon. George Wentworth-FitzWilliam Whig[45][43][37]
1847 Hon. William Cavendish Whig[45]
1852 Hon. Richard Watson Whig[37][46]
1852 by-election George Hammond Whalley[47] Radical[48][49][50][51]
1853 by-election Thomson Hankey[52] Whig
1859 Liberal George Hammond Whalley Liberal
1868 William Wells[53] Liberal
1874 Thomson Hankey Liberal
1878 by-election Hon. John Wentworth-FitzWilliam Independent Liberal
1880 Hampden Whalley[54] Liberal
1883 by-election Sir Sydney Buxton[55] Liberal
1885 representation reduced to one member

MPs 1885–1918

In 1832 the Tory Party evolved into the Conservative Party and in 1859 the Whig Party evolved, with Radicals and Peelites, into the Liberal Party. In opposition to Irish home rule, the Liberal Unionists ceded from the Liberals in 1886, aligning themselves with the Conservatives. The Labour Party was later founded, as the Labour Representation Committee, in 1900.

ElectionMember[30] Party
1885 Hon. John Wentworth-FitzWilliam[56]Independent Liberal
1886 Liberal Unionist
1889 by-election Sir Alpheus MortonLiberal
1895 Sir Robert PurvisLiberal Unionist / Conservative
1906 Sir Granville Greenwood[57]Liberal
1918 parliamentary borough abolished

Division and County Constituency

The parliamentary borough of Peterborough was abolished under the Representation of the People Act 1918, and the name was transferred to a division of the new parliamentary county of Northampton with the Soke of Peterborough.[2] The Peterborough division became a county constituency in 1950.

MPs 1918–1974

ElectionMember[30] Party
1918 Sir Henry Brassey, 1st Baronet[58]Coalition Conservative
1929 J. F. Horrabin[59]Labour
1931 David Cecil, Lord Burghley[60]Conservative
1943 by-election John Hely-Hutchinson, Viscount SuirdaleConservative
1945 Stanley TiffanyLabour Co-operative
1950 Sir Harmar Nicholls[61]Conservative
Feb. 1974 county constituency abolished

Borough Constituency

Peterborough was redefined as a borough constituency with effect from the February 1974 general election.[62] Successors of the historic parliamentary boroughs, the spending limits for election campaigns are slightly lower than in county constituencies.

MPs since 1974

ElectionMember[30] Party
Feb. 1974 Sir Harmar Nicholls[62] Conservative
Oct. 1974 Michael WardLabour
1979 Sir Brian MawhinneyConservative
1997 Helen ClarkLabour
2005 Stewart JacksonConservative
2017 Fiona OnasanyaLabour

Election results

Elections in the 2010s

General Election 2017: Peterborough[63]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Fiona Onasanya 22,950 48.1 +12.5
Conservative Stewart Jackson 22,343 46.8 +7.1
Liberal Democrat Beki Sellick 1,597 3.3 -0.4
Green Fiona Radić 848 1.8 -0.8
Majority 607 1.3
Turnout 47,738 67.5 +2.6
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +2.7
General Election 2015: Peterborough[64]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stewart Jackson 18,684 39.7 -0.7
Labour Lisa Forbes 16,759 35.6 +6.1
UKIP Mary Herdman 7,485 15.9 +9.2
Liberal Democrat Darren Fower 1,774 3.8 -15.9
Green Darren Bisby-Boyd 1,218 2.6 +1.4
Liberal Chris Ash 639 1.4 N/A
Independent John Fox 516 1.1 N/A
Majority 1,925 4.1 -6.7
Turnout 47,075 64.9 +1.0
Conservative hold Swing -3.4
General Election 2010: Peterborough[65]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stewart Jackson 18,133 40.4 -2.9
Labour Ed Murphy 13,272 29.5 -4.8
Liberal Democrat Nick Sandford 8,816 19.6 +2.9
UKIP Frances Fox 3,007 6.7 +3.5
English Democrat Rob King 770 1.7 N/A
Green Fiona Radic 523 1.2 N/A
Independent John Swallow 406 0.9 N/A
Majority 4,861 10.8 +4.2
Turnout 44,927 63.9 +2.9
Conservative hold Swing +0.95

Elections in the 2000s

General Election 2005: Peterborough[66]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Stewart Jackson 17,364 42.1 +4.1
Labour Helen Clark 14,624 35.5 -9.6
Liberal Democrat Nick Sandford 6,876 16.7 +2.2
UKIP Mary Herdman 1,242 3.0 +0.6
National Front Terry Blackham 931 2.3 N/A
Independent Marc Potter 167 0.4 N/A
Majority 2,730 6.6 N/A
Turnout 41,194 61.0 +5.8
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +6.85
General Election 2001: Peterborough [67]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Brinton 17,975 45.1 -5.2
Conservative Stewart Jackson 15,121 38.0 +2.8
Liberal Democrat Nick Sandford 5,761 14.5 +3.8
UKIP Julian Fairweather 955 2.4 +1.7
Majority 2,854 7.1 -8.0
Turnout 39,812 61.4 -11.4
Labour hold Swing -4.0

Elections in the 1990s

General Election 1997: Peterborough [68]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Helen Brinton 24,365 50.3 +12.5
Conservative Jacqueline Foster 17,042 35.2 -14.3
Liberal Democrat David Howarth 5,170 10.7 +1.4
Referendum Philip Slater 924 1.91 N/A
Natural Law Charles Brettell 334 0.7 +0.4
UKIP John Linskey 317 0.7 N/A
ProLife Alliance Stephen Goldspink 275 0.6 N/A
Majority 7,323 15.1 N/A
Turnout 48,427 72.8 -2.3
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +11.6
General Election 1992: Peterborough [69]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Brian Mawhinney 31,827 48.3 -1.1
Labour Julie Owens 26,451 40.2 +6.5
Liberal Democrat Amanda Taylor 5,208 7.9 -8.2
Liberal Erbie Murat 1,557 2.4 N/A
BNP Richard Heaton 311 0.5 N/A
Independent Pamela Beasley 271 0.4 N/A
Natural Law Charles Brettell 215 0.3 N/A
Majority 5,376 8.1 -7.6
Turnout 65,840 75.1 +1.6
Conservative hold Swing -3.8

Elections in the 1980s

General Election 1987: Peterborough[70]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Brian Mawhinney 30,624 49.4 +2.3
Labour Andrew MacKinlay 20,840 33.7 +4.7
Liberal David Green 9,984 16.1 N/A
Green Nigel Callaghan 506 0.8 -0.1
Majority 9,784 15.7 -2.4
Turnout 61,951 73.5 +0.2
Conservative hold Swing -1.2
General Election 1983: Peterborough[71]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Brian Mawhinney 27,270 47.1 -1.7
Labour BW Fish 16,831 29.0 -10.8
Social Democratic Walston 13,142 22.7 N/A
Ecology Nigel Callaghan 511 0.9 N/A
Workers Revolutionary DE Hyland 155 0.3 +0.11
Majority 10,439 18.1 +9.12
Turnout 57,909 73.3 -4.64
Conservative hold Swing +4.55

Elections in the 1970s

General Election 1979: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Brian Mawhinney 27,734 48.80 +8.12
Labour Michael Ward 22,632 39.82 -4.43
Liberal D Green 5,685 10.00 -4.87
National Front J Willhelmy 672 1.18 N/A
Workers Revolutionary M Bishop 106 0.19 N/A
Majority 5,102 8.98 N/A
Turnout 56,829 77.94 -0.07
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +6.28
General Election, October 1974: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Michael Ward 21,820 44.45 +4.94
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 19,972 40.68 +1.13
Liberal Peter Boizot 7,302 14.87 -6.06
Majority 1,848 3.76 N/A
Turnout 49,094 77.87 -4.45
Labour gain from Conservative Swing +1.91
General Election, February 1974: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 20,353 39.55 -14.53
Labour Michael Ward 20,331 39.51 -6.41
Liberal Peter Boizot 10,772 20.93 N/A
Majority 22 0.04 -8.13
Turnout 51,456 82.32 +3.83
Conservative hold Swing -4.06
General Election 1970: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 30,227 54.08 +8.01
Labour Michael Ward 25,662 45.92 -0.14
Majority 4,565 8.17 +8.16
Turnout 55,889 78.49 -2.93
Conservative hold Swing +4.08

Elections in the 1960s

General Election 1966: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 23,944 46.07 -0.48
Labour Michael Ward 23,941 46.06 +4.58
Liberal Basil Goldstone 4,093 7.87 -4.10
Majority 3 0.01 -5.06
Turnout 51,978 81.42 -0.34
Conservative hold Swing -2.53
General Election 1964: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 24,045 46.55 -8.01
Labour David Saunders 21,428 41.48 -3.96
Liberal Lawrence Young 6,181 11.97 N/A
Majority 2,617 5.07 -4.05
Turnout 51,654 81.76 -1.23
Conservative hold Swing -2.03

Elections in the 1950s

General Election 1959: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 27,414 54.56 +1.28
Labour Betty Boothroyd 22,830 45.44 -1.28
Majority 4,584 9.12 +2.56
Turnout 50,244 82.99 -0.02
Conservative hold Swing +1.28
General Election 1955: Peterborough[72]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 26,319 53.28 +5.23
Labour Albert Farrer 23,081 46.72 -0.60
Majority 3,238 6.55 +5.82
Turnout 49,400 83.01 -3.79
Conservative hold Swing +2.92
General Election 1951: Peterborough[73]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 24,536 48.05 +2.11
Labour Albert Farrer 24,163 47.32 +1.67
Liberal Wolf Isaac Akst 2,367 4.64 -3.78
Majority 373 0.73 +0.44
Turnout 51,066 86.80 -0.43
Conservative hold Swing +0.22
General Election 1950: Peterborough
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative Harmar Nicholls 22,815 45.94 -3.36
Labour Co-op Stanley Tiffany 22,671 45.65 -5.05
Liberal Wolf Isaac Akst 4,180 8.42 N/A
Majority 144 0.29 -1.01
Turnout 49,666 86.37 +13.47
Conservative gain from Labour Swing +0.7

Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1945: Peterborough[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Co-op Stanley Tiffany 22,056 50.7
Conservative John Hely-Hutchinson 21,485 49.3
Majority 571 1.3
Turnout 72.9
Labour Co-op gain from Conservative Swing
Peterborough by-election, 1943[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative John Hely-Hutchinson 11,976 52.4
Independent Labour Samuel Bennett 10,890 47.6
Majority 1,086
Turnout
Conservative hold Swing

General Election 1939/40 Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected:

Elections in the 1930s

General Election 1935: Peterborough[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative David Cecil 22,677 56.6
Labour Ernest A J Davies 17,373 43.4
Majority 5,304 13.2
Turnout 40,050 80.8
Conservative hold Swing
General Election 1931: Peterborough[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative David Cecil 26,640 65.2
Labour Frank Horrabin 14,206 34.8
Majority 12,434 30.4
Turnout 40,846 85.2
Conservative gain from Labour Swing

Elections in the 1920s

General Election 1929: Peterborough[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Frank Horrabin 14,743 39.2 +6.6
Unionist Henry Brassey 14,218 37.7 −12.7
Liberal Francis Hill 8,704 23.1 +6.1
Majority 525 1.4 N/A
Turnout 37,665 80.6 +3.4
Registered electors 46,704
Labour gain from Unionist Swing +9.7
General Election 1924: Peterborough [74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Henry Brassey 14,195 50.4 +7.0
Labour John Mansfield 9,180 32.6 +2.1
Liberal Daniel Boyle 4,786 17.0 −9.1
Majority 5,015 17.8 +4.9
Turnout 28,161 77.2 +2.8
Registered electors 36,461
Unionist hold Swing +2.5
General Election 1923: Peterborough [74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Henry Brassey 11,634 43.4 −4.1
Labour John Mansfield 8,177 30.5 +0.1
Liberal Daniel Boyle 7,014 26.1 +4.0
Majority 3,457 12.9 −4.2
Turnout 26,825 74.4 −6.2
Registered electors 36,049
Unionist hold Swing −2.1
General Election 1922: Peterborough [74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Unionist Henry Brassey 13,560 47.5 +3.4
Labour John Mansfield 8,668 30.4 −10.6
Liberal George Nicholls 6,290 22.1 +7.2
Majority 4,892 17.1 +14.0
Turnout 28,518 80.6 +18.4
Registered electors 35,393
Unionist hold Swing +7.0

Elections in the 1910s

General Election 1918: Peterborough[74]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
C Unionist Henry Brassey 9,516 44.1 −3.4
Labour John Mansfield 8,832 41.0 N/A
Liberal Thomas Ivatt Slater 3,214 14.9 −37.7
Majority 684 3.1 N/A
Turnout 21,562 62.2 −27.8
Registered electors 34,676
Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +17.2
C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.
General Election December 1910: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Greenwood 3,105 52.6 −0.9
Conservative Henry Lygon 2,802 47.4 +0.9
Majority 303 5.2 −1.8
Turnout 5,907 90.0 −4.2
Registered electors 6,564
Liberal hold Swing −0.9
General Election January 1910: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Greenwood 3,308 53.5 −7.0
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 2,875 46.5 +7.0
Majority 433 7.0 −14.0
Turnout 6,183 94.2 +3.0
Registered electors 6,564
Liberal hold Swing −7.0

Elections in the 1900s

General Election 1906: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Greenwood 3,326 60.5 +12.3
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 2,167 39.5 −12.3
Majority 1,159 21.0 N/A
Turnout 5,493 91.2 +6.9
Registered electors 6,025
Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist Swing +12.3
General Election 1900: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 2,315 51.8 −1.0
Liberal Halley Stewart 2,155 48.2 +1.0
Majority 160 3.6 −2.0
Turnout 4,470 84.3 −5.1
Registered electors 5,300
Liberal Unionist hold Swing −1.0

Elections in the 1890s

General Election 1895: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 2,259 52.8 +4.8
Liberal Alpheus Morton 2,020 47.2 −4.8
Majority 239 5.6 N/A
Turnout 4,279 89.4 +3.5
Registered electors 4,787
Liberal Unionist gain from Liberal Swing +4.8
General Election 1895: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Alpheus Morton 2,037 52.0 +6.4
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 1,879 48.0 −6.4
Majority 158 4.0 N/A
Turnout 3,916 85.9 +1.6
Registered electors 4,559
Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist Swing +6.4

Elections in the 1880s

By-election, 7 Oct 1889: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Alpheus Morton 1,893 53.6 +8.0
Liberal Unionist Robert Purvis 1,642 46.4 −8.0
Majority 251 7.2 N/A
Turnout 3,535 87.2 +2.9
Registered electors 4,056
Liberal gain from Liberal Unionist Swing +8.0
  • Caused by Wentworth-Fitzwilliam's death.
General Election 1886: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Unionist John Wentworth-FitzWilliam 1,780 54.4 +0.7
Liberal George Greenwood 1,491 45.6 −0.7
Majority 289 8.8 +1.4
Turnout 3,271 84.3 −4.5
Registered electors 3,882
Liberal Unionist gain from Independent Liberal Swing N/A
General Election 1885: Peterborough[76]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal John Wentworth-FitzWilliam 1,853 53.7 +19.3
Liberal Sydney Buxton 1,595 46.3 +1.7
Majority 258 7.4 −0.3
Turnout 3,448 88.8 +19.5 (est)
Registered electors 3,882
Independent Liberal hold Swing +8.8
By-election, 23 Jun 1883: Peterborough (1 seat)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Sydney Buxton 1,438 56.5 −22.5
Conservative John Adam Ferguson[78] 1,106 43.5 +22.5
Majority 332 13.1 +7.4
Turnout 2,544 70.9 +1.6 (est)
Registered electors 3,589
Liberal hold Swing −22.5
  • Caused by Whalley's resignation.
General Election 1880: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal John Wentworth-FitzWilliam[79] 1,615 34.4 N/A
Liberal Hampden Whalley 1,257 26.7 −7.4
Conservative Robert Tennant 987 21.0 +3.8
Liberal Thomson Hankey 841 17.9 −16.2
Turnout 2,350 (est) 69.3 (est) −4.8
Registered electors 3,393
Majority 358 7.7 N/A
Independent Liberal gain from Liberal Swing N/A
Majority 270 5.7 −5.7
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1870s

By-election, 29 Oct 1878: Peterborough (1 seat)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal John Wentworth-FitzWilliam[80] 1,360 50.5 N/A
Conservative John Compton Lawrance 671 24.9 +7.7
Liberal James Hayes Raper[81] 653 24.3 −43.9
Lib-Lab George Potter 8 0.3 −14.3
Majority 689 25.6 N/A
Turnout 2,692 80.6 +6.5
Registered electors 3,340
Independent Liberal gain from Liberal Swing N/A
  • Caused by Whalley's death. Raper was a 'Permissive Bill' candidate.[82]
General Election 1874: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Thomson Hankey 1,135 29.4 +6.3
Liberal George Hammond Whalley 1,105 28.6 −2.5
Conservative Henry Wrenfordsley 666 17.2 +12.6
Lib-Lab George Potter 562 14.6 N/A
Liberal Neville Goodman[83] 323 8.4 N/A
Liberal Robert Malcolm Kerr[84] 71 1.8 N/A
Majority 439 11.4 +3.4
Turnout 2,264 (est) 74.1 (est) −2.6
Registered electors 3,056
Liberal hold Swing +0.0
Liberal hold Swing −4.4

Elections in the 1860s

General Election 1868: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal William Wells 1,282 35.5 +3.7
Liberal George Hammond Whalley 1,122 31.1 −4.2
Liberal Thomson Hankey 834 23.1 −10.5
Liberal William Green[85] 204 5.7 N/A
Conservative Henry Wrenfordsley 167 4.6 N/A
Majority 288 8.0 +6.2
Turnout 1,888 (est) 76.7 (est) +1.6
Registered electors 2,461
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
  • Green, a Radical liberal,[86] withdrew before polling.[87]
General Election 1865: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal George Hammond Whalley 340 35.3 +7.5
Liberal Thomson Hankey 320 33.6 +3.4
Liberal William Wells 303 31.8 N/A
Majority 17 1.8 −4.6
Turnout 482 (est) 75.1 (est) −5.0
Registered electors 641
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1850s

General Election 1859: Peterborough (2 seats)[77][88]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Thomson Hankey 275 30.2 −4.4
Liberal George Hammond Whalley 253 27.8 +4.2
Conservative John Harvey Lee Wingfield[89] 195 21.4 N/A
Liberal James Wilde 187 20.5 N/A
Majority 58 6.4 −4.7
Turnout 455 (est) 80.1 (est) +9.3
Registered electors 568
Liberal hold Swing N/A
Liberal hold Swing N/A
General Election 1857: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Wentworth-FitzWilliam 321 41.8 +4.6
Whig Thomson Hankey 266 34.6 +1.8
Radical George Hammond Whalley 181 23.6 N/A
Majority 85 11.1 +8.4
Turnout 384 (est) 70.8 (est) −16.9
Registered electors 542
Whig hold Swing N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A
By-election, 25 June 1853: Peterborough[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical George Hammond Whalley 236 52.3 +0.6
Whig Thomson Hankey 215 47.7 −0.6
Majority 21 4.7 +1.4
Turnout 451 85.7 +0.0
Registered electors 526
Radical hold Swing +0.6
  • Caused by the 1852 by-election being declared void on petition due to bribery and treating.[90] Although Whalley secured the most votes, his election was declared void owing to disqualification due to the earlier bribery and treating, and Hankey was declared elected.[91]
By-election, 6 December 1852: Peterborough[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Radical George Hammond Whalley 233 51.7 N/A
Whig George Cornewall Lewis[92][93] 218 48.3 −21.7
Majority 15 3.3 N/A
Turnout 451 85.7 −2.0
Registered electors 526
Radical gain from Whig Swing N/A
  • Caused by Watson's death.
General Election 1852: Peterborough (2 seats)[77]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Whig George Wentworth-FitzWilliam 260 37.2 N/A
Whig Richard Watson 229 32.8 N/A
Conservative John Talbot Clifton[94] 210 30.0 N/A
Majority 19 2.7 N/A
Turnout 455 (est) 87.7 (est) N/A
Registered electors 518
Whig hold Swing N/A
Whig hold Swing N/A

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  2. 1 2 Fraser, Hugh (1918). The Representation of the People Act 1918, with Explanatory notes. London: Sweet and Maxwell. pp. 515–516.
  3. ↑ Youngs, Frederic A. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England Volume II: Northern England (Part III: Parliamentary Constituencies) Royal Historical Society, London, 1991
  4. 1 2 Clegg QC, William Final Recommendations for Parliamentary Constituencies in the Counties of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Boundary Commission for England, 19 January 2005 Archived 28 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ↑ Clegg QC, William General Review of Parliamentary Constituency boundaries in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Assistant Commissioner's report to the chairman and Members of the Boundary Commission for England, 18 March 2004 Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Knight, Charles Peterborough in 1840 Old Towns of England Originally published in The Penny Magazine by The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
  7. ↑ Forrester, E.G. Northamptonshire County Elections and Electioneering 1695–1832 Oxford University Press, 1941
  8. ↑ Pelling, Henry Mathison A Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 (pp.96–97 & 106–124) Macmillan, London, 1967
  9. ↑ 2001 Census Area Statistics Office for National Statistics, April 2001
  10. ↑ Wentworth-Fitzwilliam family of Milton Peterborough City Council (retrieved 22 September 2007) Archived 13 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ Tebbs, Herbert F. Peterborough: A History (pp.192–194) The Oleander Press, Cambridge, 1979. See also Bromund, Ted A Complete Fool's Paradise: The Attack on the Fitzwilliam Interest in Peterborough 1852 Parliamentary History, vol.12 no.1 (pp.47–67) Edinburgh University Press, 1993 and Howarth, Janet The Liberal Revival in Northamptonshire 1880–1895: A Case Study in Late Nineteenth Century Elections The Historical Journal, vol.12 no.1 (pp.78–118) Cambridge University Press, 1969
  12. ↑ The History of Parliament The House of Commons: 1509–1558 (3 vols.) Bindoff, S.T., 1558–1603 (3 vols.) Hasler, P.W., 1660–1690 (3 vols.) Henning, Basil Duke, 1715–1754 (2 vols.) Sedgwick, Romney, 1754–1790 (2 vols.) Namier, Sir Lewis Bernstein and Brooke, John, 1790–1820 (5 vols.) Thorne, R.G. Martin Secker and Warburg (reissued by Her Majesty's Stationery Office) for the History of Parliament Trust, London, 1964–1986
  13. ↑ Craig, Frederick Walter Scott British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1970 (4 vols.) Macmillan, London, 1971–1977 and Stenton, Michael and Lees, Stephen (eds.) Who's Who of British members of parliament 1832–1979: a biographical dictionary of the House of Commons based on annual volumes of Dod's Parliamentary Companion and other sources (4 vols.) Harvester Press, Hassocks, 1976–1981
  14. ↑ The Liberal candidate was Peter J. Boizot, founder of the Pizza Express restaurant chain and now Deputy Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire
  15. ↑ "BBC NEWS – UK – England – Cambridgeshire – Ousted MP defects to the Tories". bbc.co.uk.
  16. ↑ POLITICS: 'A slap in the face' Peterborough Evening Telegraph, 9 May 2005
  17. ↑ Moss, Stephen Thrown out of the house The Guardian, 1 June 2005
  18. ↑ "History of Parliament". Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  19. ↑ Carter, P. R. N. Carew, Sir Wymond (1498–1549) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61138, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  20. ↑ Airs, Malcolm Pallady, Richard (b. 1515/16, d. in or before 1563) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21163, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  21. ↑ Ford, L. L. Mildmay, Sir Walter (1520/21–1589) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18696, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  22. ↑ Riordan, Michael Henry VIII, privy chamber of (act. 1509–1547) Sir William Fitzwilliam (c.1506–1559) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/70829, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  23. ↑ Bindoff, op. cit. (p.186). Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  24. ↑ Bindoff, op. cit. (p.537). Books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  25. 1 2 "Fitzwilliam, William (c.1550–1618), of Dogsthorpe and Milton, Northants., The History of Parliament". Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  26. ↑ Wright, Stephen Fane, Mildmay, second earl of Westmorland (1602–1666) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9139, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  27. ↑ Mercer, Malcolm Fane, Sir Thomas (d. 1589) Francis Fane, first earl of Westmorland (1583/4–1629) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9130, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  28. ↑ "Humphrey Orme was elected ... and there was an immediate complaint against his sitting on the grounds that he was neither a good puritan nor a stable parliamentarian;" see Tebbs, op. cit. (p.94). "Although its election committee certainly received and examined evidence concerning a disputed and possibly double return at Peterborough, it is not clear what part, if any, the Council played in the final decision in favour of Alexander Blake;" see Gaunt, Peter Cromwell’s Purge? Exclusions and the First Protectorate Parliament (p.16) Parliamentary History, vol.6 no.1 (pp.1–22) May 1987. "The defeated candidate ... had allegedly been supported by disaffected and disqualified voters; Orme himself had married a recusant and was probably a Royalist sympathiser;" Ibid. at footnote 80 (p.21)
  29. ↑ Both terms were originally pejorative, deriving respectively from tóraidhe, one of the dispossessed Irish who became outlaws and whiggamor, a Scots Gaelic word for a cattle or horse drover
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "P" (part 1)
  31. ↑ Double return between Lord le Despencer and Francis St John. Lord le Despencer declared elected
  32. ↑ Unseated on petition in favour of Baron Fitzwilliam of Milton Hall in 1667
  33. ↑ Hainsworth, D. R. Fitzwilliam, William, first Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Ireland (1643–1719) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/67100, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  34. ↑ Rigg, J. M. Dolben, Sir Gilbert, first baronet (1658/9–1722) (rev. D. W. Hayton) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7774, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  35. ↑ "Charles Parker ... in 1728, was High Sheriff of Northamptonshire and at that time not pro-Fitzwilliam. His action at the election of that year led to a case before the Bar of the House of Commons to settle a controversy over the powers of the Bailiffs of the City [and of the Soke] as returning officer at the election. Parker, as Sheriff, sent the election writ to Robert Smith, the Bailiff of the Liberty who returned Earl Fitzwilliam [at that time in the Peerage of Ireland only] and an unknown nominee of [the Earl of Exeter] ... James Pix, the City's Bailiff, contested the return and won, so the sitting members ... were declared elected," even though Wortley Montagu had died six months earlier; see Tebbs, op. cit. (p.95) which incorrectly refers to Sidney's son Edward Wortley Montagu
  36. ↑ Turner, Roger Lamb, Sir Matthew, first baronet (1705?–1768) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15919, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S., ed. The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 160, 237. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  38. ↑ Lambert, Elizabeth R. Laurence, French (1757–1809) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16126, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  39. ↑ Kelly, James Ponsonby, George (1755–1817) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22495, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  40. ↑ Mandler, Peter Lamb, William, second Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/15920, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  41. ↑ Barker, G. F. R. Scarlett, James, first Baron Abinger (1769–1844) (rev. Elisabeth A. Cawthon) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24783, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  42. ↑ Courtney, W. P. Heron, Sir Robert, second baronet (1765–1854) (rev. H. C. G. Matthew) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13091, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  43. 1 2 "Electoral Decisions". Northern Star and Leeds General Advertiser. 3 July 1841. p. 24. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  44. ↑ Smith, G. B. Fitzwilliam, Charles William Wentworth, third Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Great Britain and fifth Earl Fitzwilliam in the peerage of Ireland (1786–1857) (rev. H. C. G. Matthew) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9653, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  45. 1 2 "Members Returned". Norfolk News. 7 August 1847. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  46. ↑ Farrell, Stephen (2009). "WATSON, Hon. Richard (1800–1852)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  47. ↑ Wallis, Frank H. Whalley, George Hammond (1813–1878) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29158, retrieved 6 October 2007). Unseated on petition in 1853; at the subsequent by-election he was again returned, but his election was again declared void
  48. ↑ Spychal, Martin (28 April 2017). "Five elections in seven years: Peterborough, Whalley and the Fitzwilliam interest". The Victorian Commons. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  49. ↑ "Local and District News". Chester Chronicle. 11 December 1852. p. 8. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  50. ↑ "Preparations for the General Election". The Spectator. 21 March 1857. p. 9. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  51. ↑ McConville, Seán (1995). English Local Prisons 1860–1900: Next Only to Death. London: Routledge. p. 132. ISBN 0-415-03295-4. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  52. ↑ Courtney, W. P. Hankey, Thomson (1805–1893) (rev. A. C. Howe) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12197, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  53. ↑ Clarke, Ernest Wells, William (1818–1889) (rev. John Martin) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29019, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  54. ↑ Resigned by becoming Steward of the Manor of Northstead in 1883 and was adjudged bankrupt later that year
  55. ↑ Waley, Daniel Buxton, Sydney Charles, Earl Buxton (1853–1934) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32224, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  56. ↑ Pelling, loc. cit. confirms that Wentworth-Fitzwilliam contested the election against an official Liberal candidate and that the Conservative candidate withdrew in his favour. He became a Liberal Unionist the following year and died as a result of a riding accident in 1889
  57. ↑ Ryder, Richard D. Greenwood, Sir Granville George (1850–1928) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41162, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  58. ↑ Sitting member for North Northants. from 1910
  59. ↑ Cole, Margaret Horrabin, James Francis (1884–1962) (rev. Amanda L. Capern) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33995, retrieved 6 October 2007)
  60. ↑ McWhirter, Norris Cecil, David George Brownlow, sixth marquess of Exeter (1905–1981) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press, 2004 (subscription required doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30910, retrieved 6 October 2007). Resigned his seat in 1943 when he was appointed Governor of Bermuda
  61. ↑ Roth, Andrew Lord Harmar-Nicholls: Self-made Tory peer more adept at business than politics The Guardian, 18 September 2000
  62. 1 2 "No. 46229". The London Gazette. 7 March 1974. p. 2987.
  63. ↑ "Peterborough parliamentary constituency - Election 2017". BBC News. 8 May 2017. Retrieved 26 July 2018.
  64. ↑ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  65. ↑ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
  66. ↑ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  67. ↑ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  68. ↑ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  69. ↑ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  70. ↑ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  71. ↑ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  72. ↑ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1955.
  73. ↑ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Craig, F. W. S. (1983). British parliamentary election results 1918-1949 (3 ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
  75. ↑ Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Craig, FWS, ed. (1974). British Parliamentary Election Results: 1885-1918. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 9781349022984.
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book)|format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  78. ↑ "Polling at Peterborough". Derbyshire Times. 27 June 1883. p. 3. Retrieved 9 December 2017 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  79. ↑ "General Election". Jersey Independent and Daily Telegraph. 28 November 1885. p. 3. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  80. ↑ "Peterborough Election". Londonderry Sentinel. 12 October 1878. p. 2. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  81. ↑ "Peterborough Election". Western Daily Press. 26 October 1878. p. 8. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  82. ↑ "The Peterborough Election". Edinburgh Evening News. 30 October 1878. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)). Check date values in: |archivedate= (help)
  83. ↑ "Election News". Bradford Observer. 19 November 1873. p. 3. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  84. ↑ "Peterborough Election". Peterborough Advertiser. 7 February 1874. p. 2. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  85. ↑ Stamford Mercury. 30 October 1868. p. 4 https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000237/18681030/007/0004. Retrieved 15 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  86. ↑ "Peterborough". Lincolnshire Chronicle. 20 November 1868. p. 7. Retrieved 15 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  87. ↑ "Peterborough". Birmingham Daily Gazette. 18 November 1868. p. 7. Retrieved 15 March 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  88. ↑ "Northampton Mercury". 16 April 1859. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  89. ↑ "Local Elections". Lincolnshire Chronicle. 6 May 1859. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  90. ↑ "Imperial Parliament". Hereford Journal. 15 June 1853. p. 4. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  91. ↑ "Imperial Parliament". London Daily News. 11 August 1853. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  92. ↑ "Peterborough Election". Hereford Journal. 8 December 1852. p. 3. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  93. ↑ "Peterborough". The Ulsterman. 8 December 1852. p. 2. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).
  94. ↑ "To the Electors of South Lincolnshire". Lincolnshire Chronicle. 2 July 1852. p. 1. Retrieved 24 June 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive. (Subscription required (help)).

Coordinates: 52°35′N 0°15′W / 52.583°N 0.250°W / 52.583; -0.250

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.