Garfield County, Washington
Garfield County, Washington | |
---|---|
![]() Garfield County Courthouse in Pomeroy | |
![]() Location in the U.S. state of Washington | |
![]() Washington's location in the U.S. | |
Founded | 29 November, 1881 |
Named for | James A. Garfield |
Seat | Pomeroy |
Largest city | Pomeroy |
Area | |
• Total | 718 sq mi (1,860 km2) |
• Land | 711 sq mi (1,841 km2) |
• Water | 7.5 sq mi (19 km2), 1.0% |
Population (est.) | |
• (2017) | 2,210 |
• Density | 3.1/sq mi (1.2/km2) |
Congressional district | 5th |
Time zone | Pacific: UTC−8/−7 |
Website |
www |
Garfield County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,266,[1] making it the least populous county in Washington; with about 3.2 inhabitants per square mile (1.2/km2), it is also the least densely populated county in Washington. The county seat and only city is Pomeroy.[2]
History
The area delineated by the future Washington state boundary began to be colonized at the start of the nineteenth century, both by Americans and Canadians. However, the majority of Canadian exploration and interest in the land was due to the fur trade, whereas American settlers were principally seeking land for agriculture and cattle raising. The Treaty of 1818 provided for dual control of this area by US and Canadian government officials. During this period, the future Washington Territory was divided into two administrative zones: Clark County and Lewis County (made official in 1845).
The dual-control concept was unwieldy and led to continual argument, and occasional conflict. The status of the Washington area was settled in 1846, when the Oregon Treaty ceded the land south of North latitude 49 degrees to American control.
In 1854, Skamania County was split from the original Clark County. Also in 1854, Walla Walla County was split from the new Skamania County. In 1875, Columbia County was split from Walla Walla County, and on 29 November 1881, a portion of Columbia County was set off to form Garfield County. The original Garfield County was reduced in size in 1883 when its southeastern area was partitioned off to form Asotin County.[3][4] It was named for the late U.S. President James A. Garfield,[5] who had been assassinated a few weeks prior.
Geography
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 718 square miles (1,860 km2), of which 711 square miles (1,840 km2) is land and 7.5 square miles (19 km2) (1.0%) is water.[6] It is part of the Palouse, a wide and rolling prairie-like region of the middle Columbia basin.
Geographic features
Major highway
Adjacent counties
- Whitman County - north
- Asotin County - east
- Wallowa County, Oregon - south
- Columbia County - west
National protected area
- Umatilla National Forest (part)
Demographics
Historical population | |||
---|---|---|---|
Census | Pop. | %± | |
1890 | 3,897 | — | |
1900 | 3,918 | 0.5% | |
1910 | 4,199 | 7.2% | |
1920 | 3,875 | −7.7% | |
1930 | 3,662 | −5.5% | |
1940 | 3,383 | −7.6% | |
1950 | 3,204 | −5.3% | |
1960 | 2,976 | −7.1% | |
1970 | 2,911 | −2.2% | |
1980 | 2,468 | −15.2% | |
1990 | 2,248 | −8.9% | |
2000 | 2,397 | 6.6% | |
2010 | 2,266 | −5.5% | |
Est. 2017 | 2,210 | [7] | −2.5% |
U.S. Decennial Census[8] 1790–1960[9] 1900–1990[10] 1990–2000[11] 2010–2016[1] |
2000 census
As of the census[12] of 2000, there were 2,397 people, 987 households, and 670 families residing in the county. The population density was 3 people per square mile (1/km²). There were 1,288 housing units at an average density of 2 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 96.45% White, 0.38% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.38% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. 1.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 28.8% were of German, 17.9% United States or American, 10.6% English and 9.5% Irish ancestry. 99.2% spoke English as their first language.
There were 987 households out of which 28.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.00% were married couples living together, 6.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.10% were non-families. 28.30% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the county, the population was spread out with 25.90% under the age of 18, 5.40% from 18 to 24, 21.90% from 25 to 44, 25.90% from 45 to 64, and 20.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 97.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.80 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $33,398, and the median income for a family was $41,645. Males had a median income of $33,313 versus $22,132 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,992. About 12.00% of families and 14.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.10% of those under age 18 and 10.20% of those age 65 or over.
2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,266 people, 989 households, and 650 families residing in the county.[13] The population density was 3.2 inhabitants per square mile (1.2/km2). There were 1,233 housing units at an average density of 1.7 per square mile (0.66/km2).[14] The racial makeup of the county was 93.8% white, 1.7% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 2.3% from other races, and 1.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 4.0% of the population.[13] In terms of ancestry, 27.2% were German, 22.4% were English, 19.9% were Irish, 7.9% were Dutch, 5.5% were Swedish, and 3.4% were American.[15]
Of the 989 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 34.3% were non-families, and 30.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age was 49.0 years.[13]
The median income for a household in the county was $42,469 and the median income for a family was $55,769. Males had a median income of $38,897 versus $30,650 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,825. About 14.1% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.1% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.[16]
Communities
City
- Pomeroy (county seat)
Unincorporated communities
In popular culture
Part of the 1996 film Black Sheep takes place (but was not filmed) in Garfield County.
Politics
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third parties |
---|---|---|---|
2016 | 67.2% 851 | 22.0% 279 | 10.7% 136 |
2012 | 71.3% 913 | 26.2% 336 | 2.5% 32 |
2008 | 70.5% 968 | 28.0% 385 | 1.5% 20 |
2004 | 70.8% 935 | 27.7% 365 | 1.5% 20 |
2000 | 73.9% 982 | 22.6% 300 | 3.5% 47 |
1996 | 49.6% 623 | 39.6% 497 | 10.8% 135 |
1992 | 46.9% 620 | 35.8% 473 | 17.3% 228 |
1988 | 54.1% 714 | 45.0% 593 | 0.9% 12 |
1984 | 63.9% 913 | 34.5% 493 | 1.5% 22 |
1980 | 57.6% 875 | 33.5% 509 | 8.9% 135 |
1976 | 57.2% 892 | 39.5% 616 | 3.3% 52 |
1972 | 65.5% 1,004 | 31.4% 481 | 3.2% 49 |
1968 | 53.0% 841 | 38.0% 602 | 9.0% 143 |
1964 | 49.0% 751 | 51.0% 781 | |
1960 | 56.9% 914 | 42.9% 690 | 0.2% 3 |
1956 | 60.2% 966 | 39.8% 639 | 0.1% 1 |
1952 | 66.8% 1,157 | 32.3% 559 | 1.0% 17 |
1948 | 48.9% 749 | 48.8% 747 | 2.3% 35 |
1944 | 57.4% 925 | 42.0% 677 | 0.6% 10 |
1940 | 58.1% 1,003 | 41.3% 714 | 0.6% 10 |
1936 | 38.8% 652 | 58.6% 983 | 2.6% 44 |
1932 | 44.4% 669 | 54.3% 818 | 1.3% 19 |
1928 | 70.6% 1,004 | 29.0% 412 | 0.4% 6 |
1924 | 65.3% 875 | 24.2% 324 | 10.6% 142 |
1920 | 66.0% 869 | 28.1% 370 | 5.9% 77 |
1916 | 52.3% 845 | 45.0% 728 | 2.7% 44 |
1912 | 22.2% 345 | 27.4% 426 | 50.5% 786 |
1908 | 58.5% 556 | 35.1% 333 | 6.4% 61 |
1904 | 70.3% 777 | 24.2% 267 | 5.5% 61 |
1900 | 52.6% 528 | 43.5% 437 | 3.9% 39 |
1896 | 43.2% 378 | 55.1% 482 | 1.7% 15 |
1892 | 36.3% 351 | 29.8% 288 | 34.0% 329 |
See also
Footnotes
- 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 31 May 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ↑ "Milestones for Washington State History -- Part 2: 1851 to 1900". HistoryLink. 13 June 2010.
- ↑ Dougherty, Phil (14 February 2006). "Asotin County -- Thumbnail History". HistoryLink.
- ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 134.
- ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. 22 August 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 11 September 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
- 1 2 3 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ↑ "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ↑ "Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
- ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
Further reading
- Frank T. Gilbert, Historic Sketches: Walla Walla, Columbia and Garfield Counties, Washington Territory. Portland, OR: A.G. Walling Printing House, 1882.
- W.D. Lyman, Lyman's History of Old Walla Walla County, Embracing Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties. In Two Volumes. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1918. Volume 1 | Volume 2
- Frederic Ambrose Shaver, An Illustrated History of Southeastern Washington, Including Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, Washington. Spokane, WA: Western Historical Publishing Co., 1906.