模

模	U+6A21, 模 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A21

← 樠
[U+6A20]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樢 →
[U+6A22]

Translingual

Han character

模 (radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿日大 (DTAK), four-corner 4493₄, composition ⿰木莫)

Derived characters

𡃗, 𤂨, 𥀳

References

KangXi: page 551, character 2

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15453

Dae Jaweon: page 939, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1261, character 9

Unihan data for U+6A21

Chinese

simp. and trad.		模

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 模
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (莫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蟆	*mraː
鬕	*mraːɡs
饃	*maːl
模	*maː
摸	maː, maːɡ
嫫	*maː
謨	*maː
膜	maː, maːɡ
摹	*maː
暮	*maːɡs
慕	*maːɡs
募	*maːɡs
墓	*maːɡs
慔	*maːɡs
莫	*maːɡ
寞	*maːɡ
漠	*maːɡ
幕	*maːɡ
鏌	*maːɡ
瘼	*maːɡ
鄚	*maːɡ
瞙	*maːɡ
嗼	maːɡ, mraːɡ
塻	*maːɡ
貘	*mraːɡ
驀	*mraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *maː) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mù
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘ / mô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): mu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mù
  - Hakka Romanization System: muˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mu²
  - Sinological IPA: /mu¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: mu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mv̩ʷ²³/

Middle Chinese: /muo/▼

Rime
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫胡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muo/
Pan Wuyun	/muo/
Shao Rongfen	/mo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mɔ/
Li Rong	/mo/
Wang Li	/mu/
Bernard Karlgren	/muo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mú

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*maː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ mu ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁa/
English	model
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	模
Reading #	1/1
No.	9241
Phonetic component	莫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	模
Old Chinese	/*maː/

Definitions

模

model; standard; example
to copy; to imitate
Short for 模特 (mótè, “model; fashion model”).
Short for 模範／模范 (mófàn, “model person; role model”).
(mathematics) mod
A surname.

Compounds

一代楷模
像模
印模
地震規模／地震规模
大規模／大规模 (dàguīmó)
奉為楷模／奉为楷模
奧會模式／奥会模式
工模
常模
彈性模數／弹性模数
德國模式／德国模式
手模 (shǒumó)
文化模式
有模子
木模
楷模 (kǎimó)
模仿 (mófǎng)
模仿性
模倣／模仿 (mófǎng)
模傚
模型 (móxíng)
模型玩具
模型飛機／模型飞机
模塊／模块 (mókuài)

模塑成形
模壓／模压
模寫／模写
模寫論／模写论
模式 (móshì)
模擬／模拟 (mónǐ)
模擬器／模拟器 (mónǐqì)
模擬投票／模拟投票
模擬演習／模拟演习
模擬考試／模拟考试
模效
模書／模书
模本 (móběn)
模棱兩可／模棱两可
模楷
模模糊糊
模特兒／模特儿 (mótèr)
模稜／模棱 (móléng)
模稜兩可／模棱两可 (móléngliǎngkě)
模範／模范 (mófàn)
模範區／模范区
模範村／模范村
模範生／模范生

模糊 (móhu)
模糊理論／模糊理论
模組／模组 (mózǔ)
模網論壇／模网论坛
模表
模造紙／模造纸
模里西斯 (Mólǐxīsī)
模黏
沖模／冲模
石膏模型
砂模
船模試驗／船模试验
花剌子模 (Huālàzǐmó)
螺模
螺絲模／螺丝模
血肉模糊
行為模式／行为模式
規模／规模 (guīmó)
規模遠舉／规模远举
軌模／轨模
迷颩模登
酸模 (suānmó)
首鼠模棱

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mú, mó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˊ, ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): bô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): mo⁵ / bhou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: mú
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mu²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mu
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁴
  - Yale: mòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô͘
  - Tâi-lô: bôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mo⁵ / bhou⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mô / bôu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mo⁵⁵/, /bou⁵⁵/

Note:

mo5 - literary;
bhou5 - vernacular.

Definitions

模

appearance
mold; matrix; shape; pattern

Compounds

一模一樣／一模一样 (yīmúyīyàng)
不成模樣／不成模样
中注模樣／中注模样
人模人樣／人模人样
人模狗樣／人模狗样
俏模樣／俏模样
像模像樣／像模像样
喬模喬樣／乔模乔样

大模大樣／大模大样 (dàmúdàyàng)
大模廝樣／大模厮样
好模好樣／好模好样
字模
小模樣兒／小模样儿
怪模怪樣／怪模怪样 (guàimúguàiyàng)
惡模惡樣／恶模恶样
有模有樣／有模有样

模本 (móběn)
模板 (múbǎn)
模板工
死模活漾
紅模子／红模子
裝模作樣／装模作样 (zhuāngmúzuòyàng)
銅模／铜模
鑄模／铸模 (zhùmú)

Japanese

Kanji

模

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぼ (bo, Jōyō)
Kun: かたぎ (katagi, 模)
Nanori: のり (nori)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
模
も Grade: 6
goon

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC muo).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- IPA^(key): [mo̞]

Affix

模 (hiragana も, rōmaji mo)

model; pattern
appearance

Derived terms

模 (も)擬 (ぎ) (mogi)
模 (も)型 (けい) (mokei)
模 (も)刻 (こく) (mokoku)
模写 (もしゃ) (mosha)
模像 (もぞう) (mozō)
模造 (もぞう) (mozō)
模範 (もはん) (mohan)
模倣 (もほう) (mohō)
模様 (もよう) (moyō)
佳 (か)模 (も), 嘉 (か)模 (も) (kamo)
範模 (はんも) (hanmo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
模
ぼ Grade: 6
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 模 (MC muo).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA^(key): [bo̞]

Affix

模 (hiragana ぼ, rōmaji bo)

(uncommon) Same as も (mo) above

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
模
かたぎ Grade: 6
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 模 – see the following entry at かたぎ.
かたぎ【形木・模】 [noun]carving wooden block used to dye patterns on cloth, paper, etc. [noun]printing wooden block [noun]model; pattern
(This term, 模, is a kanji spelling of かたぎ.)

Korean

Hanja

模 (eumhun 법 모 (beop mo))
模 (eumhun 본뜰 모 (bontteul mo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

모양 (模樣, moyang)

Vietnamese

Han character

模 (mô, mo, mọ, mu, mua, mạc, mù)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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