昆

See also: 皆 and 崑
昆 U+6606, 昆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6606
← 昅
[U+6605] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 昇 →
[U+6607]

Translingual

Han character

昆 (radical 72, 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 日心心 (APP), four-corner 60711, composition ⿱日比)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 490, character 39
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13792
  • Dae Jaweon: page 852, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1489, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+6606

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 昆

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (昆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
昆 *kuːn
琨 *kuːn
鯤 *kuːn
菎 *kuːn
崐 *kuːn
蜫 *kuːn
惃 *kuːn, *kuːnʔ
錕 *kuːn, *kuːnʔ
猑 *kuːn
騉 *kuːn
緄 *kuːnʔ
輥 *kuːnʔ
棍 *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
餛 *ɡuːn
混 *ɡuːnʔ
焜 *ɡuːnʔ
倱 *ɡuːnʔ
掍 *ɡuːnʔ
箟 *kʰrun

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 日 + 比.

Etymology 1
“elder brother”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)əw-n (“elder brother; senior male relative”); cognate with 舅 (OC *ɡuʔ, “maternal uncle”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).
Alternatively, it may be related to Middle Mon ကော (kao, “elder brother”), with nominal suffix -n added (Schuessler, 2007).
“descendants; later”
Perhaps from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuun (“child”); cognate with Min 囝 (“son; child”) (Schuessler, 2007) and with ancient Chu dialect 觀 (OC *koːn, “child; offspring”) (Ye, 2014); cf. also some rear meanings of the characters 丱 (OC *kroːns, “young child”), 鯤 (OC *kuːn, “roe; fish egg”) and 鰥 (OC *kruːn, “roe”) (ibid.). In modern Wu dialects the character 官 (OC *koːn) is used to mean "children" (ibid.).
“many; numerous”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-kul (“twenty; all”); cognate with 群 (OC *ɡlun, “herd; all”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 昆
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古渾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuən/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuon/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwən/
Li
Rong		 /kuən/
Wang
Li		 /kuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gūn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 昆
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kūn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kwon ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁu[n]/
English elder brother

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 昆
Reading # 1/1
No. 7519
Phonetic
component		 昆
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 昆
Old
Chinese		 /*kuːn/
Notes 金文象日下二人比肩同作，
造意同眾而省文，
如夕月異語共義轉註例

Definitions

昆

  1. † simultaneously
  2. † elder brother
  3. † descendants
  4. † later
  5. † many; numerous
  6. † Alternative form of 焜 (kūn).
  7. Short for 昆明 (Kūnmíng).
  8. A surname​.
Compounds
  • 公昆弟
  • 垂裕後昆／垂裕后昆
  • 寄生昆蟲／寄生昆虫
  • 後昆／后昆
  • 昆仲 (kūnzhòng)
  • 昆吾
  • 昆士蘭／昆士兰 (Kūnshìlán)
  • 昆夷
  • 昆季
  • 昆蟲學／昆虫学 (kūnchóngxué)
  • 昆蟲綱／昆虫纲
  • 昆裔
  • 昆邪
  • 昆陽／昆阳
  • 玉昆金友
  • 賢昆仲／贤昆仲
  • 賢昆玉／贤昆玉
  • 金友玉昆

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

昆

  1. Only used in 昆侖／昆仑 (húnlún), alternative form of 渾淪／浑沦 (húnlún).

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

昆

  1. † Alternative form of 混 (hùn, “to unite”).
  2. 54th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "unity" (𝌻)

Etymology 4
For pronunciation and definitions of 昆 – see 崑 (“dot=”).
(This character, 昆, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 崑.)
Notes:

References

Japanese

Kanji
昆

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. A swarm of or an organism that swarms (e.g. bugs), an organism that forms in large groups (e.g. kombu)
  2. elder brother
  3. descendants, great-great-great-great grandchild

Readings

Compounds
Compounds
  • 昆 (こん)弟 (てい) (kontei)
  • 昆 (こん)孫 (そん) (konson)

Korean

Hanja

昆 • (gon, hon) (hangeul 곤, 혼, revised gon, hon, McCune–Reischauer kon, hon, Yale kon, hon)

  1. (맏형 곤, mat-hyeong-): the eldest brother

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

昆 (con, côn, gon)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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