渾淪
See also: 浑沦
Chinese
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| muddy | perish | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (渾淪) | 渾 | 淪 | |
| simp. (浑沦) | 浑 | 沦 | |
| variant forms | 渾侖／浑仑 昆侖／昆仑 | ||
edit 混淪／混沦渾淪／浑沦 |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 渾 | 淪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) | 諄 (47) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 胡本切 | 力迍切 |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦuənX/ | /liuɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦuonX/ | /lʷin/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣuənX/ | /ljuen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦwənX/ | /lwin/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣuənX/ | /liuĕn/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣuənX/ | /lĭuĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣuənX/ | /li̯uĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hùn | lún |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hún |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hwonX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/ |
| English | chaotic |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 渾 | 淪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7328 | 8662 |
| Phonetic component |
軍 | 侖 |
| Rime group |
文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
混 | 淪 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡuːnʔ/ | /*run/ |