肩

肩 U+80A9, 肩
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80A9
← 肨
[U+80A8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肪 →
[U+80AA]

Translingual
Japanese 肩
Simplified 肩
Traditional 肩

Etymology

The form differs between traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and Japanese shinjitai, as depicted at right. These are represented by the same Unicode code point; see Han unification.

  • Traditional Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 戶; the body's gate.
  • Simplified Han: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 户.
  • Japanese: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 月 + 戸.

Han character

肩 (radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸月 (HSB) or 戈尸月 (ISB), four-corner 30227, composition ⿸戶月 or ⿸户月 or ⿸戸月)

References
  • KangXi: page 975, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1426, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2052, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80A9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 肩

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 肩
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Transcribed ancient scripts

L06841

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (肩) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
顅 *kʰreːn
掮 *ɡren*
肩 *keːn
猏 *keːn
菺 *keːn
鵳 *keːn

Pronunciation
Note:
  • kian - literary;
  • kuiⁿ/keng/kan - vernacular.
Rime
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 古賢切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ken/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ken/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɛn/
Li
Rong		 /ken/
Wang
Li		 /kien/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiān
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiān
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ken ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[k]ˁe[n]/
English shoulder (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肩
Reading # 1/1
No. 6023
Phonetic
component		 肩
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 堅
Old
Chinese		 /*keːn/

Definitions

肩

  1. shoulders
  2. to shoulder
  3. to bear

Compounds
Derived terms from 肩

Japanese

Kanji
肩

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shoulder

Readings

Pronunciation
Kanji in this term
肩
かた
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Noun

肩 (hiragana かた, rōmaji kata)

  1. a shoulder
    • 2013 April 7 [Dec 9 2012], ONE; Murata, Yusuke, “３撃げき目め　災さい害がい存そん在ざい [3rd Hit: Existential Crisis]”, in ONEPUNCH-MAN【ワンパンマン】 [ONE-PUNCH MAN], volume 1 (fiction), 6th edition, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 53:
      肩 (かた)！肩 (かた)に　肩 (かた)に乗 (の)ってる奴 (やつ)を殺 (ころ)せ‼
      Kata! Kata ni Kata ni notteru yatsu o korose‼
      Shoulder! Your shoulder! Kill the bastard on your shoulder‼

References
  1. 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

肩 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견)

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