See also:
U+8A9E, 語
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A9E

[U+8A9D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8A9F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 149, +7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一一口 (YRMMR), four-corner 01661, composition)

Derived characters

  • 𡂂, 𢣸, 𤻭, 𠑕, 𫤋, 𡈰

References

  • KangXi: page 1163, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35533
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1628, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3974, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8A9E

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*ŋraː, *ŋaː
*ŋraː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
*ŋaː
*ŋaː
*ŋaː
*ŋaː
*ŋaː, *ŋa, *ŋaʔ
*ŋaː
*ŋaː
*ŋaː
峿 *ŋaː
*ŋaːʔ
*ŋaːʔ
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋaːs
*ŋa, *ŋaʔ
*ŋaʔ, *ŋas
*ŋaʔ
*ŋaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).

Etymology

Compare Tibetan ངག (ngag, speech).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • mainstream Taiwanese:
    • gí/gú - vernacular;
    • gú - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (31)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨə̆X/
Li
Rong
/ŋiɔX/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭoX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjoX ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋ(r)aʔ/
English speak

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 13159
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋaʔ/

Definitions

  1. to speak; to say
  2. (of an animal) to chirp; to hoot
  3. speech; language
  4. (linguistics) spoken language (contrary to written language )
  5. expression; words
  6. saying; proverb; set phrase
  7. movement or signal which transmits information
  8. chirping; tweet

Compounds

Pronunciation 2


Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (31)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/ŋiɔH/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjoH ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋ(r)aʔ-s/
English tell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 13165
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋas/

Definitions

  1. to tell; to inform

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. word, term
  2. speech, language

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC ŋɨʌX)

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana , rōmaji go)

  1. word
  2. term

Synonyms

Suffix

(hiragana , rōmaji -go)

  1. language of, -ese, -ish
     () (ほん) ()Nihon-goJapanese
     (えい) ()Ei-goEnglish
    スペイン ()Supein-goSpanish

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 말씀 (malsseum eo))

  1. Hanja form? of (language of, -ese, -ish).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: ngữ[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: ngỡ[1][2][3][4], ngửa[1][2][3][4], ngữ[1][2][3], ngứa[1][3], ngợ[3][4], gỡ[1]

  1. Hán tự form of ngữ (language).
  2. Nôm form of ngỡ (to think that).

Compounds

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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