咬

See also: 齩 and 𫜪

咬	U+54AC, 咬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54AC

← 咫
[U+54AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

咭 →
[U+54AD]

Translingual

Han character

咬 (radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜金大 (RYCK), four-corner 6004₈, composition ⿰口交)

References

KangXi: page 186, character 16

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3543

Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 621, character 2

Unihan data for U+54AC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
烄	keːws, kreːwʔ
礮	*pʰreːws
交	*kreːw
郊	*kreːw
茭	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟	*kreːw
鮫	*kreːw
鵁	*kreːw
咬	kreːw, ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨	kreːw, qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞	*kreːwʔ
狡	*kreːwʔ
姣	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
筊	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
校	kreːws, ɡreːws
珓	*kreːws
跤	*kʰreːw
頝	*kʰreːw
骹	*kʰraːw
齩	*ŋɡreːwʔ
洨	*ɡreːw
胶	*ɡreːw
效	*ɡreːws
効	*ɡreːws
傚	*ɡreːws
皎	*keːwʔ
恔	*keːwʔ
晈	*keːwʔ
窔	*qeːws
駮	*pqreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kreːw, *ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		咬
variant forms		齩／𫜪

Perhaps Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ङेव्‍ह्‌सा (ŋewh-, “to nibble”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Min vernacular readings are reminiscent of Proto-Tai *giəwᶜ (“to chew”), whence Thai เคี้ยว (kíao) (ibid.).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎo (yao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngâu
Min Dong (BUC): gâ / ngāu
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kā / kǎ / ngáu / gáu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ga⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ngau (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˇ
  - Wade–Giles: yao³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeau
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaau⁵
  - Yale: ngáauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngao⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋäːu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngâu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngau´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gâ / ngāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ²⁴²/, /ŋau³³/

Note:

gâ - vernacular;
ngāu - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kā
  - Tâi-lô: kā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ka
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ka²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ka³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǎ
  - Tâi-lô: kǎ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngáu
  - Tâi-lô: ngáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngao
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ŋãʊ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãʊ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gáu
  - Tâi-lô: gáu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gaʊ⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

kā/kǎ - vernacular;
ngáu/gáu - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ga⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kă
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ngau (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔ²³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 咬
Mandarin	Beijing	/iɑu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/iau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/iɑu¹³/
	Jinan	/iɔ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/iɔ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/iau⁵³/
	Xi'an	/niau⁵³/
	Xining	/ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/iɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/iɔ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/iau⁴²/ /ŋau⁴²/
	Chengdu	/ŋau⁵³/ /ȵiau⁵³/
	Guiyang	/ŋao⁴²/ 老 /niao⁴²/
	Kunming	/iɔ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/iɔo²¹²/
	Hefei	/iɔ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niau⁵³/
	Pingyao	/ȵiɔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niɔ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ŋɔ²³/ /ɦiɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/ŋæ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ʔiɔ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋuɔ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/ŋɔ³⁵/ /ŋo³⁵/ /iɔ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/ŋo²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʐau⁴¹/ /ŋau⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ŋaɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ŋɑu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋau⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋɑu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋau²³/
	Nanning	/ŋɛu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/ŋau¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gau⁵³/ /ŋau⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋau³²/ /kɑ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kau⁴²/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ka³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ka³³/

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡreːwʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咬
Reading #	2/3
No.	6320
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	齩
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡreːwʔ/
Notes	齩俗或體

Definitions

咬

to bite; to snap at; to gnaw
- 一條狗咬了他的腿。 [MSC, trad.]
  一条狗咬了他的腿。 [MSC, simp.]
  Yī tiáo gǒu yǎo le tā de tuǐ. [Pinyin]
  A dog snapped at his leg.
- 他被響尾蛇咬過。 / 他被响尾蛇咬过。 ― Tā bèi xiǎngwěishé yǎo guò. ― He had been bitten by a rattlesnake.
to incriminate; to accuse
- 他站在被告席上，什麼都招認，什麼人都咬。 [MSC, trad.]
  他站在被告席上，什么都招认，什么人都咬。 [MSC, simp.]
  Tā zhàn zài bèigào xí shàng, shénme dōu zhāorèn, shénme rén dōu yǎo. [Pinyin]
  He was in the public dock, confessing everything, implicating everybody.
to articulate; to pronounce
- 這個字他咬得很准 [MSC, trad.]
  这个字他咬得很准 [MSC, simp.]
  zhè ge zì tā yǎo dé hěn zhǔn [Pinyin]
  He can pronounce this word correctly.
to be nitpicking on words
- 別老咬住我那句話不放 [MSC, trad.]
  别老咬住我那句话不放 [MSC, simp.]
  bié lǎo yǎo zhù wǒ nà jù huà bù fàng [Pinyin]
  Don't keep nagging me about that remark of mine.
of dog, to bark
(neologism, slang, euphemistic) Alternative form of 口交 (kǒujiāo, “oral sex; to perform oral sex on”).

Compounds

一口咬定 (yīkǒuyǎodìng)
一口咬死
切齒咬牙／切齿咬牙
反咬
咬人狗
咬人貓／咬人猫
咬住
咬合 (yǎohé)
咬合不正
咬合調整／咬合调整
咬嘴
咬嚼 (yǎojué)
咬字 (yǎozì)
咬字兒／咬字儿
咬字眼兒／咬字眼儿
咬定

咬定牙根
咬定牙關／咬定牙关
咬手
咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
咬斷鐵／咬断铁
咬春
咬牙 (yǎoyá)
咬牙切齒／咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
咬破
咬秋
咬緊／咬紧
咬緊牙關／咬紧牙关
咬群
咬耳朵 (yǎo ěrduo)
咬舌
咬舌兒／咬舌儿

咬舌子
咬舌根
咬舌頭／咬舌头
咬菜根
咬薑呷醋／咬姜呷醋
咬釘嚼鐵／咬钉嚼铁
咬頭／咬头
啖指咬舌
嚼咬人
弄狗相咬
怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
毒咬
炒咬
狗咬狗 (gǒuyǎogǒu)
老咬蟲／老咬虫
虎咬豬／虎咬猪 (hǔyǎozhū)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		咬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Wade–Giles: chiao¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kˠau/▼

Rime
Character	咬
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古肴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/kau/
Wang Li	/kau/
Bernard Karlgren	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咬
Reading #	1/3
No.	6302
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	交
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/

Definitions

咬

Only used in 咬咬.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		咬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yāo (yao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄠ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠ
  - Wade–Giles: yao¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iau
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠau/▼

Rime
Character	咬
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	於交切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔaɨw/
Li Rong	/ʔau/
Wang Li	/au/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yāo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qreːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	咬
Reading #	3/3
No.	6334
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䫜
Old Chinese	/*qreːw/

Definitions

咬

Only used in 咬哇 and 哇咬.

Japanese

Kanji

咬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō); ごう (gō); よう (yō)
Kun: かむ (kamu, 咬む)

Korean

Hanja

咬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

咬 (giảo, rao)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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