Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate

Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate
dð
d̪ð
d̟ð
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The voiced dental non-sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ð⟩, ⟨d͜ð⟩, ⟨d̪͡ð⟩ and ⟨d̟͡ð⟩.

Features

Features of the voiced dental non-sibilant affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Burmese[1] အညားသ [ʔəɲàd̪͡ðá] 'grand' Common realization of /ð/.[1]
English Dublin[2] they [d̪͡ðeɪ̯] 'they' Corresponds to [ð] in other dialects; may be [d̪] instead.[2]
New York[3] Corresponds to [ð] in other dialects, may be a stop [d̪] or a fricative [ð] instead.[3]
Maori[4] [d̪͡ðæe̯] Possible realization of /ð/.[4] See New Zealand English phonology

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 Watkins (2001), p. 292.
  2. 1 2 Collins & Mees (2003), p. 302.
  3. 1 2 Labov (1966), pp. 36-37.
  4. 1 2 Warren & Bauer (2004), p. 618.

References

  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], The Phonetics of English and Dutch (PDF) (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, ISBN 9004103406
  • Labov, William (1966), The Social Stratification of English in New York City (PDF) (2nd ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-24, retrieved 2014-06-27
  • Warren, Paul; Bauer, Laurie (2004), "Maori English: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive, A handbook of varieties of English, 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 614–624, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
  • Watkins, Justin W. (2001), "Illustrations of the IPA: Burmese" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 31 (2): 291–295, doi:10.1017/S0025100301002122
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