Pattani Province

Pattani
ปัตตานี
Province
Pattani Grand Mosque

Flag
Seal

Map of Thailand highlighting Pattani Province
Country Thailand
Capital Pattani
Government
 • Governor Wiranan Phengchan (since October 2016)
Area
 • Total 1,940.4 km2 (749.2 sq mi)
Area rank Ranked 67th
Population (2014)
 • Total 686,186
 • Rank Ranked 39th
 • Density 350/km2 (920/sq mi)
 • Density rank Ranked 9th
Time zone UTC+7 (ICT)
ISO 3166 code TH-94

Pattani (Thai: ปัตตานี, pronounced [pàt.tāː.nīː]) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from southeast clockwise) Narathiwat, Yala, and Songkhla.

History

The name Pattani is the Thai adaptation of the Malay name Patani (Jawi: ڤتاني), which can mean "this beach" in Patani Malay language. (In standard Malay, this would be pantai ini.) Another suggestion is that it derives from a Sanskrit word pathini, meaning "virgin nymph"; Pathini was the name of a daughter of Merong Mahawangsa, founder of the preceding Langkasuka Empire.[1]

Historically, Pattani Province was the centre of the Malay Sultanate of Patani Darul Makrif. For centuries a tributary state of Siam, Pattani has been governed by Siam since its conquest in 1785. Siamese rule was officially acknowledged by the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 negotiated with the British Empire. Both Yala (Jala) and Narathiwat (Menara) were originally part of Patani, but were made provinces of their own during the territorial administrative reform and the creation of a united centralized Siam state.

Demographics

Pattani is one of the four provinces of Thailand where the majority of the population are Malay Muslim. They make up about 88 percent of its population. The people speak the Patani Malay language, although most also speak Thai.

Geography

Pattani is on the Malay Peninsula, with the coast of the Gulf of Thailand to the north. The south is dominated by the Sankalakhiri mountain range, which includes Budo-Su-ngai Padi National Park, on the border with Yala and Narathiwat.

Symbols

The seal of the province shows the cannon called Phraya Tani, known as Sri Pattani in Malay, which was cast in Pattani Province. It was brought to Bangkok in 1785, and is now on display in front of the Ministry of Defence in Bangkok.

The provincial flower is the Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and the provincial tree the Ironwood (Hopea odorata).

Administrative divisions

Pattani is divided into 12 districts (amphoe), which are further subdivided into 115 communes (tambon) and 629 villages (muban).

The districts of Chana (Malay: Chenok), Thepa (Malay:Tiba) and Saba Yoi (Malay:Sebayu) were detached from Pattani and transferred to Songkhla in 1796 by Siam government.

Map Number Name Thai Jawi Malay
1Mueang PattaniเมืองปัตตานีفطانيPatani
2Khok Phoโคกโพธิ์كوكفورKuk Pur
3Nong ChikหนองจิกنونغجيكNung Chik
4PanareปะนาเระفناريقPenarik
5MayoมายอمايوMayu
6Thung Yang Daengทุ่งยางแดง
7Sai Buriสายบุรีسليندونغ بايو ، تلوبنSelindung Bayu, Teluban
8Mai Kaenไม้แก่น
9Yaringยะหริ่งجمبوJambu,
10Yarangยะรังيا ليموYa Li hu
11Kaphoกะพ้อ
12Mae Lanแม่ลาน

Military rule

As of 2018, the provisions of Thailand's Internal Security Act remain imposed on Mae Lan District. Internal security restrictions, maintained by Thailand's Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) can result in curfews, prohibited entry, or prohibited transport of goods. It is considered one step below the imposition of full martial law.[2]

Transport

Air

Pattani is served by Pattani Airport, but the airport does not allow public flights due to the Royal Thai Air Force's reliance on it for counter-insurgency operations in the area.

Rail

Pattani's main station is Pattani Railway Station.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "{ms} Sejarah Malaysia - Asal Usul nama Sungai Petani". Sejarahmalaysia.pnm.my. Archived from the original on 2013-06-03. Retrieved 2012-08-24.
  2. ↑ Raksaseri, Kornchanok (8 January 2018). "Isoc power boost 'not political'". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 8 January 2018.

Coordinates: 6°52′4″N 101°15′00″E / 6.86778°N 101.25000°E / 6.86778; 101.25000

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