Paja Formation

Paja Formation
Stratigraphic range: Barremian-Aptian
~130–112 Ma
Type Geological formation
Sub-units

Lutitas Negras Inferiores Mb.
Arcillolitas Abigarradas Mb.

Arcillolitas con Nódulos Huecos Mb.
Underlies Simití Fm., Tablazo Fm.
Overlies Ritoque Fm., Rosablanca Fm.
Lithology
Primary Shale
Other Mudstone
Location
Coordinates 5°30′N 73°30′W / 5.5°N 73.5°W / 5.5; -73.5Coordinates: 5°30′N 73°30′W / 5.5°N 73.5°W / 5.5; -73.5
Approximate paleocoordinates 3°42′N 42°12′W / 3.7°N 42.2°W / 3.7; -42.2
Region Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Eastern Ranges, Andes
Middle Magdalena Valley
Country  Colombia
Type section
Named by Morales et al., 1958[1]

Paleogeography of northern South America
120 Ma, by Ron Blakey

The Paja Formation is a Mesozoic geologic formation from the Aptian epochs of the Early Cretaceous of central Colombia, extending on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes in the departments of Cundinamarca, Santander and Boyacá. It mainly composed of mudrocks with nodules of sandstones and limestones, that are interpreted as part of a marginal marine deposit,[2] with anoxic zones, in the warm and shallow sea that covered most of the Colombian territory during the Cretaceous.[3] Plesiosaur, ichthyosaur, sea turtles, teleostean fishes and ammonites[4] remains are among the main fossils that have been recovered from its strata, mainly near to the modern town of Villa de Leiva in Boyacá.[5]

Paleofauna

Reptiles

Reptiles of the Paja Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Description Notes Images
AcostasaurusA. pavachoquensisArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A pliosaurid with short snout, likely not a brachauchenine
CallawayasaurusC. colombiensisAn elasmosaurid plesiosaur, originally classified in Alzadasaurus
DesmatochelysD. padillaiArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A species of the genus Desmatochelys, sea turtles that belongs to the extinct family Protostegidae. Is the oldest known sea turtle
KronosaurusK. boyacensisA large pliosaurid, and a relative of the Australian species K. queenslandicus
MuiscasaurusM. cathetiArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.An ophthalmosaurid ichthyosaur, that it seems have occupied a different ecological niche respect to P. sachicarum
PadillasaurusP. leivaensisArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A brachiosaurid dinosaur, that makes the first record of a terrestrial animal in the area, and the first Cretaceous brachiosaurid known outside from North America
PlatypterygiusP. sachicarumSáchicaArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A platypterygiine ichthyosaur, relative of P. americanum
StenorhynchosaurusS. munoziArcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A small pliosaurid, over 3 meters in length. Formerly considered as a close relative of Brachauchenius lucasi from North America
LeyvachelysL. cipadi Arcillolitas abigarradas Mb.A durophagous turtle member of the Sandownidae; is the first record for this group in South America. This species occurs too in the Glen Rose Formation in USA

Crustaceans and molluscs

Crustaceans and molluscs of the Paja Formation
Species Notes
Bellcarcinus aptiensis, Cenomanocarcinus vanstraeleni, Colombicarcinus laevis, Joeranina colombiana, J. kerri, Notopocorystes kerri, Planocarcinus johnjagti, Rathbunassa gen. et sp. nov., Telamonocarcinus antiquus
Acanthoptychoceras triumphyi, Acrioceras julivertii, Ancyloceras vandenheckii velezianum, Buergliceras buerglii, Colchidites apolinari, C. breistrofferi, Crioceratites leivaensis, C. tener, C. aff. emerici, Frenelopsis cf. ramosissima, Karsteniceras beyrichi, K. multicostatum sp. nov., Macroscaphites yvani disjuncticostatus, Monsalveiceras monsalvense, Nicklesia pulchella, Pedioceras asymmetricum, Pedioceras ubaquense, Protanisoceras creutzbergi, Pseudoaustraliceras columbiae, Pseudocrioceras simitiense, Pseudohaploceras incertum, Ptychoceras aff. puzosianum, Teredolites clavatus, Gerhardtia sp., Heinzia sp., Phylloceras sp., Prodesheyesites sp., Pseudofrenelopsis sp., Pulchellia sp., Toxancycloceras sp., Valdedorsella sp.
Hamiticeras chipatai

Regional correlations

Cretaceous stratigraphy of the central Colombian Eastern Ranges
AgePaleomapVMMGuaduas-VélezW Emerald BeltVilleta anticlinalChiquinquirá-
Arcabuco		Tunja-
Duitama		Altiplano CundiboyacenseEl Cocuy
MaastrichtianUmir Fm.Córdoba Fm.Seca Fm.erodedGuadalupe Gp.Colón-Mito Juan Fm.
Umir Fm.
CampanianCórdoba Fm.
Oliní Gp.
SantonianLa Luna Fm.Cimarrona Fm. - La Tabla Fm.La Luna Fm.
ConiacianOliní Gp.Conejo Fm.Chipaque Fm.
Güagüaquí Gp
Loma Gorda Fm.undefinedLa Frontera Fm.
TuronianHondita Fm.La Frontera Fm.Otanche Fm.
CenomanianSimití Fm.hiatusLa Corona Gb.Simijaca Fm.Capacho Fm.
Pacho Fm.Hiló Fm. - Pacho Fm.Churuvita Fm.Une Fm.Aguardiente Fm.
AlbianHiló Fm.Chiquinquirá Sst.Tibasosa Fm.Une Fm.
Tablazo Fm.Tablazo Fm.Capotes Fm. - La Palma Fm. - Simití Fm.Simití Fm.Tibú-Mercedes Fm.
AptianCapotes Fm.Socotá Fm. - El Peñón Fm.Paja Fm.Fómeque Fm.
Paja Fm.Paja Fm.El Peñón Fm.Trincheras Fm.Río Negro Fm.
La Naveta Fm.
Barremian
HauterivianMuzo Fm.
Cáqueza Gp
Las Juntas Fm.
Rosablanca Fm.Ritoque Fm.
ValanginianRitoque Fm.Furatena Fm.Útica Fm. - Murca Fm.Rosablanca Fm.Girón Fm.Macanal Fm.
Rosablanca Fm.
BerriasianCumbre Fm.Cumbre Fm.Los Medios Fm.Guavio Fm.
Tambor Fm.Arcabuco Fm.Cumbre Fm.
Sources

See also

References

  1. ↑ Morales, J., et al (1958): General Geology and Oil Occurrences of Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG habitat of oil symposium, p. 641-695
  2. ↑ Forero, H. & Sarmiento, L. 1985. La facies evaporítica de la Formación Paja en la región de Villa de Leiva. In Etayo-Serna, F. & Montaño, F. L. (eds.): Proyecto Cretácico. – Publicaciones geológicas especiales del INGEOMINAS 16 (17): 1–16.
  3. ↑ Gaona-Narvaez, T.; Florentin, J. M. M.; Etayo-Serna, F. (2013). "Geochemistry, palaeoenvironments and timing of Aptian organic-rich beds of the Paja Formation (Curití, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia)". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 382 (1): 31–48. doi:10.1144/sp382.6.
  4. 1 2 Patarroyo, 2009
  5. 1 2 Hampe, 2005
  6. ↑ Marcela Gómez-Pérez; Leslie F. Noè (2017). "Cranial anatomy of a new pliosaurid Acostasaurus pavachoquensis from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia, South America". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 310 (1–2): 5–42. doi:10.1127/pala/2017/0068.
  7. ↑ Welles, S. P. (1962). "A new species of elasmosaur from the Aptian of Colombia and a review of the Cretaceous plesiosaurs". University of California Publications in Geological Sciences. 44 (1): 1–96.
  8. ↑ Carpenter, K (1999). "Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior". Paludicola. 2 (2): 148–173.
  9. ↑ Callawayasaurus colombiensis at Fossilworks.org
  10. 1 2 Cadena et al., 2015a
  11. ↑ Desmatochelys at Fossilworks.org
  12. ↑ Acosta, C. E., Huertas, G. & Ruiz, P. M. 1979. Noticia preliminar sobre el hallazgo de un presunto Kronosaurus (Reptilia: Dolichorhynchopidae) en el Aptiano superior de Villa de Leiva, Colombia. – Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana) 28: 1–7.
  13. ↑ Hampe, O (1992). "Ein großwüchsiger Pliosauride (Reptilia:Plesiosauria) aus der Unterkreide (oberes Aptium) von Kolumbien. –". Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. 145: 1–32.
  14. ↑ Kronosaurus boyacensis at Fossilworks.org
  15. ↑ Maxwell et al., 2015
  16. ↑ Muiscasaurus at Fossilworks.org
  17. ↑ Carballido et al., 2015
  18. ↑ Padillasaurus leivaensis at Fossilworks.org
  19. ↑ Páramo, M. E. (1997). "Platypterygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) nueva especie del Cretácico de Colombia". Revista INGEOMINAS. 6: 1–12.
  20. ↑ Platypterygius sachicarum at Fossilworks.org
  21. ↑ Páramo et al., 2016
  22. 1 2 Brachauchenius sp., Gerhardtia sp., Heinzia sp., Karsteniceras sp., Prodesheyesites sp., Pulchellia sp., Toxancycloceras sp. at Fossilworks.org
  23. ↑ Cadena, 2015b
  24. ↑ Luque, 2014
  25. ↑ Karasawa et al., 2014
  26. ↑ Luque, 2015
  27. ↑ Bermúdez et al., 2013
  28. ↑ Luque et al., 2012
  29. ↑ Monsalveiceras monsalvense at Fossilworks.org
  30. 1 2 Kabakadze & Hoedemaeker, 1997, pp.58-59
  31. ↑ Chaparro et al., 2015
  32. ↑ Moreno et al., 2007

Bibliography

Maps

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.