Nancy Pelosi

Nancy Pelosi
House Minority Leader
Assumed office
January 4, 2011
Deputy Steny Hoyer
Preceded by John Boehner
In office
January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2007
Deputy Steny Hoyer
Preceded by Dick Gephardt
Succeeded by John Boehner
52nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office
January 4, 2007 – January 3, 2011
Preceded by Dennis Hastert
Succeeded by John Boehner
House Minority Whip
In office
January 15, 2002 – January 3, 2003
Leader Dick Gephardt
Preceded by David Bonior
Succeeded by Steny Hoyer
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 5th district
In office
June 2, 1987 – January 3, 1993
Preceded by Sala Burton
Succeeded by Bob Matsui
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 8th district
In office
January 3, 1993 – January 3, 2013
Preceded by Ron Dellums
Succeeded by Paul Cook
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 12th district
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Preceded by Jackie Speier
Chair of the California Democratic Party
In office
February 27, 1981 – April 3, 1983
Preceded by Charles Manatt
Succeeded by Peter D. Kelly III
Personal details
Born Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro
(1940-03-26) March 26, 1940
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s)
Paul Pelosi (m. 1963)
Children 5 (including Christine and Alexandra)
Relatives Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. (Father)
Education Trinity Washington University (BA)
Net worth $26.4 million (estimate)[1]
Signature
Website House website
Party website

Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (/pəˈloʊsi/; born March 26, 1940) is an American politician serving as the Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives since 2011, representing most of San Francisco, California. She previously served as the 52nd House Speaker from 2007 to 2011, the only woman to do so thus attaining the highest political office of any female politician in American history.[2]

A member of the Democratic Party, Pelosi represents California's 12th congressional district which consists of four-fifths of the city and county of San Francisco. She served as the House Minority Whip from 2002 to 2003, and was House Minority Leader from 2003 to 2007. Pelosi is the first woman, the first Californian, and the first Italian-American to lead a major party in Congress. After the Democrats took control of the House in 2007, Pelosi was elected Speaker of the House. After the Democrats lost House control in the 2010 elections, Pelosi became the Democratic Leader (Minority Leader) in the Republican-controlled House.[3]

During and after her tenure as Speaker, Pelosi was perceived as a contentious political figure, with Republican candidates frequently trying to tie their Democratic opponents to Pelosi and with moderate Democrats seeking to show their moderate bona fides by expressing opposition to Pelosi.

Early life and education

Pelosi was born into an Italian-American family, the youngest of six children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi; 1909–1995),[4] who was born in Campobasso,[5] South Italy, and Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., who was a Democratic Congressman from Maryland and a Mayor of Baltimore.[6][7] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was Mayor of Baltimore from 1967 to 1971.[8]

Pelosi was involved with politics from an early age. In her outgoing remarks as the 52nd Speaker of the House, Pelosi said that she had attended John F. Kennedy's inaugural address when he became US President in January 1961.

She graduated from the Institute of Notre Dame, a Catholic all-girls high school in Baltimore. In 1962, she graduated from Trinity College in Washington, D.C. with a B.A. in political science.[9] Pelosi interned for Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) alongside future House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer.[10]

Early career

After moving to San Francisco, Pelosi worked her way up in Democratic politics. She became a friend of one of the leaders of the California Democratic Party, 5th District Congressman Phillip Burton. In 1976, Pelosi was elected as a Democratic National Committee member from California, a position she would hold until 1996.[11] She was elected as party chair for Northern California on January 30, 1977, and for the California Democratic Party, which she held from 1981 until 1983.[11]

That same year, she ran to succeed Chuck Manatt as chair of the Democratic National Committee, but lost to then-DNC Treasurer Paul G. Kirk.[12] Pelosi left her post as DSCC finance chair in 1986.[11]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

Pelosi as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, 1993

Phillip Burton died in 1983 and was succeeded by his wife, Sala. In late 1986, Sala became ill with cancer and decided not to run for reelection in 1988. She picked Pelosi as her designated successor, guaranteeing her the support of the Burtons' contacts.[13] Sala died on February 1, 1987, just a month after being sworn in for a second full term. Pelosi won the special election to succeed her, narrowly defeating San Francisco Supervisor Harry Britt on April 7, 1987, then easily defeating Republican candidate Harriet Ross on June 2, 1987; Pelosi took office a week later.[14][15]

Pelosi represents one of the safest Democratic districts in the country. Democrats have held the seat since 1949 and Republicans, who currently make up only 13 percent of registered voters in the district, have not made a serious bid for the seat since the early 1960s. She won the seat in her own right in 1988 and has been reelected 16 more times with no substantive opposition, winning by an average of 80 percent of the vote. She has not participated in candidates' debates since her 1987 race against Harriet Ross.[16] The strongest challenge Pelosi has faced was in 2016 when Preston Picus polled 19.1% and Pelosi won with 80.9%.[17]

For the 2000 and 2002 election cycles, she held the distinction of contributing the most among members of Congress to other congressional campaigns, in part because she is in a safe district and does not need the campaign funds.[18]

Committee assignments

In the House, she served on the Appropriations and Intelligence Committees, and was the ranking Democrat on the Intelligence Committee until her election as Minority Leader.[19]

Pelosi is a member of the House Baltic Caucus.[20]

Pre-Speakership career

In 2001, Pelosi was elected the House Minority Whip, second-in-command to Minority Leader Dick Gephardt of Missouri. She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.[21]

In 2002, after Gephardt resigned as minority leader to seek the Democratic nomination in the 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, becoming the first woman to lead a major party in the House.[22]

Speaker of the House

Nomination

In the 2006 midterm elections, the Democrats took control of the House, picking up 31 seats. On November 16, 2006, Pelosi was unanimously chosen by her caucus as the Democratic candidate for Speaker, effectively making her Speaker-elect. While the Speaker is elected by the full House membership, in modern practice the election is a formality, since the Speaker always comes from the majority party.

Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha of Pennsylvania for the position of House Majority Leader, the second-ranking post in the House Democratic caucus. His competitor was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer of Maryland, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.[23] Pelosi and Hoyer had a somewhat frosty relationship dating back to 2001, when they ran against each other for minority whip. However, Hoyer was elected as House Majority Leader over Murtha by a margin of 149–86 within the caucus.[24]

On January 3, Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner of Ohio with 233 votes compared to his 202 votes in the election for Speaker of the House.[25] She was nominated by Rahm Emanuel of Illinois, the incoming chairman of the House Democratic Caucus, and sworn in by her longtime friend John Dingell of Michigan as the Dean of the House of Representatives traditionally does.

Pelosi (right) with Vice President Dick Cheney behind President George W. Bush at the 2007 State of the Union Address making history as the first woman to sit behind the podium at such an address. President Bush acknowledged this by beginning his speech with the words, "Tonight, I have a high privilege and distinct honor of my own – as the first President to begin the State of the Union message with these words: Madam Speaker".[26]

With her election, Pelosi became the first woman, the first Californian, and the first Italian-American to hold the Speakership. She is also the second Speaker from a state west of the Rocky Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the last Democrat to hold the post before Pelosi.

During her speech, she discussed the historical importance of being the first female to hold the position of Speaker:

This is a historic moment – for the Congress, and for the women of this country. It is a moment for which we have waited more than 200 years. Never losing faith, we waited through the many years of struggle to achieve our rights. But women weren't just waiting; women were working. Never losing faith, we worked to redeem the promise of America, that all men and women are created equal. For our daughters and granddaughters, today, we have broken the marble ceiling. For our daughters and our granddaughters, the sky is the limit, anything is possible for them.[27]

She also spoke on Iraq as the major issue facing the 110th Congress, while incorporating some Democratic Party beliefs:

The election of 2006 was a call to change – not merely to change the control of Congress, but for a new direction for our country. Nowhere were the American people more clear about the need for a new direction than in Iraq. The American people rejected an open-ended obligation to a war without end.[27]

Tenure

As Speaker, Pelosi was still the leader of the House Democrats; the Speaker is considered to be the leader of his or her House caucus. However, by tradition, she did not normally participate in debate and almost never voted on the floor (though she had every right to as a full House member). She was also not a member of any House committees.

Pelosi was re-elected Speaker in 2009.

A CBS News poll conducted in March 2010 found that 37% of registered voters have an unfavorable opinion of the speaker, with 11% approving.[28] According to a March 2010 Rasmussen poll, 64% of voters nationally view the speaker unfavorably, and 29% have a favorable opinion of Pelosi.[29]

During and after her tenure as Speaker, Pelosi was perceived as a contentious political figure, with Republican candidates frequently trying to tie their Democratic opponents to Pelosi and with moderate Democrats seeking to show their moderate bona fides by expressing opposition to Pelosi.[30][31][32][33][34]

Social Security Mandate

Shortly after winning re-election, President George W. Bush claimed a mandate for an ambitious second-term agenda and proposed reforming Social Security by allowing workers to redirect a portion of their Social Security withholding into stock and bond investments.[35] Pelosi strongly opposed the plan, saying there was no crisis, and as minority leader she imposed intense party discipline on her caucus, leading them to near-unanimous opposition to Bush's proposal, and subsequent defeat of the proposed plan.[36][37]

Blocking of impeachment proceedings against President Bush

In the wake of President George W. Bush's reelection in 2004, several leading House Democrats believed that Democrats should pursue impeachment proceedings against the president. They asserted that Bush had misled Congress about weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, and had violated the civil liberties of Americans by authorizing wiretaps without a warrant.

In May 2006, with an eye on the upcoming congressional elections–which offered the possibility of Democrats taking back control of the House for the first time since 1994–Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Bush administration policy, an impeachment investigation was "off the table". (A week earlier, she had told the Washington Post that, although Democrats would not set out to impeach the president, "you never know where" investigations might lead.)[38]

After becoming Speaker of the House in January 2007, Pelosi held firm against impeachment, notwithstanding strong support for that course of action among constituents in her home district. In the November 2008 election, Pelosi withstood a challenge for her seat by anti-war activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an independent primarily because of Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.[39]

The "Hundred Hours"

Prior to the U.S. 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi announced a plan for action: If elected, she and the newly empowered Democratic caucus would push through most of its program during the first hundred hours of the 110th Congress' term.[40][41]

The origin for the name "first hundred hours" is a play on words derived from former Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt's promise for quick action on the part of government (to combat the Great Depression) during his "first hundred days" in office. Newt Gingrich, who became Speaker of the House in 1995, had a similar 100-day agenda to implement the Contract with America.

Opposition to Iraq War troop surge of 2007

On January 5, 2007, reacting to suggestions from President Bush's confidantes that he would increase troop levels in Iraq (which he announced in a speech a few days later), Pelosi joined with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid to condemn the plan. They sent Bush a letter saying, "[T]here is no purely military solution in Iraq. There is only a political solution. Adding more combat troops will only endanger more Americans and stretch our military to the breaking point for no strategic gain. ... Rather than deploy additional forces to Iraq, we believe the way forward is to begin the phased redeployment of our forces in the next four to six months, while shifting the principal mission of our forces there from combat to training, logistics, force protection and counter-terror."[42]

Pelosi and Barack Obama shaking hands at the 2008 Democratic National Convention
2008 Democratic National Convention

Pelosi was named Permanent Chair of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.[43]

Health Care Reform

Pelosi has been credited for spearheading President Obama's health care law when it seemed that it would go down in defeat. After Republican Scott Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former senate seat in the January 2010 Massachusetts special election and thereby causing the Senate Democrats to lose their filibuster proof majority, Obama agreed with then chief of staff Rahm Emanuel's idea that he should do smaller initiatives that could pass easily. Pelosi, however, dismissed the president's fear and instead mocked his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care."[44] After convincing the president that this would be their only shot at health care because of the large Democratic majorities they currently had, she rallied her Democratic caucus as she began an "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month session to craft the health care bill, which successfully passed the House with a 219–212 vote. In Obama's remarks before signing the bill into law, he specifically credited Pelosi as being "one of the best Speakers the House of Representatives has ever had."[45][46][47]

Post-Speakership career

President Barack Obama meets with Congressional Leadership, July 2011

Though Pelosi was re-elected by a comfortable margin in the 2010 midterm elections, the Democrats lost 63 seats and ceded control of the House of Representatives to the Republicans. Despite the electoral setback suffered by her party, Pelosi sought to continue leading the House Democratic Caucus in the position of Minority Leader, the office she held prior to becoming Speaker. After Pelosi's disparate intra-party opposition failed to pass a motion to delay the leadership vote,[48] Pelosi was elected Minority Leader for the 112th Congress. On November 14, 2012, Pelosi announced she would remain on as Democratic leader.[3]

In August 2016, Pelosi said her personal contact inform was posted online following a cyber attack against top Democratic campaign committees and she had received "obscene and sick calls, voice mails and text messages". She warned members of Congress to avoid letting children or family members answer phone calls or read text messages.[49]

Tim Ryan initiated a bid to replace Pelosi as House Minority Leader on November 17, 2016, prompted by colleagues following the 2016 presidential election.[50] After Pelosi agreed to give more leadership opportunities to junior members,[51] she defeated Ryan by a vote of 134–63 on November 30.[52]

In 2017, after Democrats lost four consecutive special elections in the House of Representatives, Pelosi's leadership was again called into question. On June 22, 2017, a small group of House Democrats held a closed-door meeting in the office of Representative Kathleen Rice (NY) to discuss a strategy for selecting new Democratic leadership.[53] Rice publicly called for new Democratic leadership in the House of Representatives, as did other House Democrats, including Tim Ryan (OH), Seth Moulton (MA), and Filemon Vela (TX).[54] Cedric Richmond (LA), Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus, also attended the closed-door meeting on Pelosi.

Rice said in a CNN interview about Pelosi's leadership, "If you were talking about a company that was posting losing numbers, if you were talking about any sports team that was losing time and time again, changes would be made, right? The CEO out. The coach would be out and there would be a new strategy put in place."[54]

In a press conference, Pelosi responded to the criticism by saying, "I respect any opinion that my members have but my decision about how long I stay is not up to them."[54] When asked specifically why she should stay on as House Minority Leader after numerous Democratic seats were lost, Pelosi responded,  "Well, I'm a master legislator. I am a strategic, politically astute leader. My leadership is recognized by many around the country, and that is why I'm able to attract the support that I do."[55][56]

In November 2017, after Pelosi called for the resignation of John Conyers over allegations of harassment, she convened the first in a series of planned meetings on strategies to address reforming workplace policies in the wake of national attention to sexual harassment. Pelosi said Congress had "a moral duty to the brave women and men coming forward to seize this moment and demonstrate real, effective leadership to foster a climate of respect and dignity in the workplace."[57]

In February 2018, Pelosi sent a letter to Speaker Ryan accusing Republicans with having waged a "cover-up campaign" to ensure Trump's protect and cited last minute changes to the memo after a vote for its release as dangerous and violating House rules, saying, "House Republicans’ pattern of obstruction and cover-up to hide the truth about the Trump-Russia scandal represents a threat to our intelligence and our national security. The GOP has led a partisan effort to distort intelligence and discredit the U.S. law enforcement and intelligence communities."[58]

In February 2018, Pelosi broke the record for longest speech in the House of Representatives when she spent more than eight hours recounting stories from DREAMers – individuals who were brought to the United States as minors by undocumented immigrants – to object to a budget deal which would raise spending caps without addressing the future of DACA recipients, which were at risk of deportation by the Trump administration.[59][60][61]

In May 2018, after the White House invited two Republicans and no Democrats to a briefing by Department of Justice officials on an FBI informant that made contact with the Trump campaign,[62] Pelosi and Senate Minority Leader Schumer sent a letter to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and FBI Director Wray calling for "a bipartisan Gang of Eight briefing that involves congressional leadership from both chambers."[63]

In August 2018, Pelosi called for the resignation of Duncan D. Hunter after his indictment on charges of misusing at least $250,000 in campaign funds, saying in a statement that the charges were "evidence of the rampant culture of corruption among Republicans in Washington today."[64]

Allegations of insider trading

In November 2011, 60 Minutes alleged that Pelosi and several other members of Congress had used information they gleaned from closed sessions to make money on the stock market. The program cited Pelosi's purchases of Visa stock while a bill that would limit credit card fees was in the House. Pelosi denied the allegations and called the report "a right-wing smear."[65][66][67] When the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (or STOCK Act) was introduced the next year, Pelosi voted for the bill and lauded its passing. Of Representatives Louise Slaughter and Tim Walz, who drafted the bill, Pelosi said they "shined a light on a gaping hole in our ethics laws and helped close it once and for all."[68][69]

Political positions

Pelosi honors Aung San Suu Kyi at a Congressional Gold Medal ceremony. Pelosi supports democratic movements in various parts of the world.

Pelosi was a founding member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus, but left in 2003 after being elected Minority Leader. Her longtime friend, Washington Congressman Jim McDermott, told Newsweek that he and other left-leaning Democratic congressmen sometimes wish that "she would tilt a little more our way from time to time".[70] As Speaker, Pelosi has tried to focus more on economic than social issues.

Although Pelosi voted against the Iraq war, anti-war activists in San Francisco protested against her voting to continue funding the war. UC Berkeley political scientist Bruce Cain said that Pelosi had to balance the demands of her anti-war constituency against the moderate views of Democrats in tight races around the country in her role as minority leader.[71] Pelosi has never faced a serious challenger to her left in her district.[72]

In September 2008, Pelosi visited Hiroshima, Japan, for a G8 summit meeting of lower house speakers and offered flowers in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park for the victims of the 1945 atomic bombing.[73]

China

Pelosi with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao during a trip to China in 2009

In March 2008, after a meeting with the Dalai Lama, Pelosi criticized the People's Republic of China for its handling of the unrest in Tibet and called on "freedom-loving people" worldwide to denounce China.[74] She was quoted as saying, "The situation in Tibet is a challenge to the conscience of the world", while addressing a crowd of thousands of Tibetans in Dharamsala, India.[74]

In October 2008, Pelosi commended the European Parliament for its "bold decision" to award the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Chinese dissident and human rights activist Hu Jia. Pelosi's statement read, "I call on the Chinese government to immediately and unconditionally release Hu Jia from prison and to respect the fundamental freedoms of all the people in China."[75]

Colombia

Pelosi publicly scolded Colombian President Álvaro Uribe during Uribe's May 2007 state visit to America. Pelosi met with Uribe and later released a statement that she and other members of Congress had "expressed growing concerns about the serious allegations" of links between paramilitary groups and Colombian government officials.[76] Pelosi also came out against the Colombian free trade agreement.[77]

Pelosi and John Kerry at Estadio Latinoamericano in Havana, Cuba, March 2016

Cuba

In 2008, Pelosi said: "For years, I have opposed the embargo on Cuba. I don't think it's been successful, and I think we have to remove the travel bans and have more exchanges – people to people exchanges with Cuba."[78] In 2015, Pelosi supported President Obama's Cuban Thaw, a rapprochement between the U.S. and Cuba, and visited Havana for meetings with high-level officials.[79]

North Korea

Nancy Pelosi is one of the few members of Congress to have traveled to North Korea. She has expressed concern about the danger of nuclear proliferation from the North Korean regime, and the ongoing problems of hunger and oppression imposed by that country's leadership.[80][81]

In August 2017, following Trump warning that North Korea "will be met with fire and fury like the world has never seen" in the event of further threats to the United States, Pelosi said the comments were "recklessly belligerent and demonstrate a grave lack of appreciation for the severity of the North Korean nuclear situation. His saber-rattling and provocative, impulsive rhetoric erode our credibility."[82]

In November 2017, after the Pentagon sent a letter to lawmakers stating a ground invasion was the only way to destroy all of North Korea's nuclear weapons without concern for having missed any, Pelosi stated she was concerned about both Pyongyang selling nuclear technology to third parties and North Korea and called for the United States to "exhaust every other remedy."[83]

In June 2018, after Trump praised North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, Pelosi said in a statement, "In his haste to reach an agreement, President Trump elevated North Korea to the level of the United States while preserving the regime’s status quo."[84]

Iran

Pelosi before greeting the new King Salman of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, January 2015. Saudi Arabia regards Iran as its main regional rival.

In a February 15, 2007, interview, Pelosi noted that Bush consistently said he supports a diplomatic resolution to differences with Iran "and I take him at his word". At the same time, she said, "I do believe that Congress should assert itself, though, and make it very clear that there is no previous authority for the president, any president, to go into Iran".[85][86] On January 12, 2007, Congressman Walter B. Jones of North Carolina introduced a resolution[87] requiring that – absent a national emergency created by an attack, or a demonstrably imminent attack, by Iran upon the United States or its armed forces – the President must consult with Congress and receive specific authorization prior to initiating any use of military force against Iran.[88] This resolution was removed from a military spending bill for the war in Iraq by Pelosi on March 13, 2007.

In July 2015, Pelosi said she was convinced Obama would have enough votes to secure the Iran nuclear deal, crediting the president with having made a "very strong and forceful presentation of his case supporting the nuclear agreement with Iran" and called the deal "a diplomatic masterpiece."[89]

In May 2018, after Trump announced his intention to withdraw from the Iran nuclear deal, Pelosi said the decision was an abdication of American leadership and "particularly senseless, disturbing & dangerous."[90]

Turkey

In mid-October 2007, after the House Foreign Affairs Committee passed a resolution to label the 1915 killing of Armenians by Ottoman Turks as genocide, Pelosi pledged to bring the measure to a vote.[91] The draft resolution prompted warnings from President Bush and fierce criticism from Turkey, with Turkey's Prime Minister saying that approval of the resolution would endanger U.S.-Turkey relations.[92] After House support eroded, the measure's sponsors dropped their call for a vote, and in late October Pelosi agreed to set the matter aside.[93]

Russia

In February 2018, after the release of a Republican report alleging surveillance abuses by the Justice Department, Pelosi accused Trump of siding with President of Russia Vladimir Putin at the expense of preserving intelligence sources and methods.[94] In July, Pelosi asserted that Trump was afraid to mention the 12 indictments against people connected to the intelligence community in Russia during his meeting with Putin and questioned what intelligence the Russians had on Trump to cause his behavior.[95] She said that Putin would not be welcomed by Congress even if he visited Washington as a result of his actions: "Putin's ongoing attacks on our elections and on Western democracies and his illegal actions in Crimea and the rest of Ukraine deserve the fierce, unanimous condemnation of the international community, not a VIP ticket to our nation’s capital." She called for House Speaker Ryan to "make clear that there is not – and never will be – an invitation for a thug like Putin to address the United States Congress."[96]

Use of government aircraft

In March 2009, the New York Post wrote that the conservative watchdog group Judicial Watch obtained emails sent by Pelosi's staff that requested that the United States Air Force (USAF) provide specific aircraft—a Boeing 757—for Pelosi to use for taxpayer-funded travel.[97][98][99] Pelosi responded that the policy was initiated by President Bush due to post-9/11 security concerns (Pelosi was third in line for presidential succession) and was initially provided for the previous Speaker, Dennis Hastert. The Sergeant at Arms requested, for security reasons, that the plane provided be capable of non-stop flight, requiring a larger aircraft. The Pentagon said "no one has rendered judgment" that Pelosi's use of aircraft "is excessive".[100]

Abortion

Pelosi voted against the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003 and earlier attempts at similar bans, and voted against the criminalization of certain situations where a minor is transported across state lines for an abortion (HR 748, passed).[101]

She has voted in favor of lifting the ban on privately funded abortions at U.S. military facilities overseas (HA 209, rejected), in favor of an amendment that would repeal a provision that forbids service women and dependents from getting an abortion in overseas military hospitals (HA 722, rejected), in favor of stripping the prohibition of funding for organizations working overseas that uses its own funds to provide abortion services or engage in advocacy related to abortion services (HA 997, rejected). She also voted in favor of the 1998 Abortion Funding Amendment, which would have allowed the use of district funds to promote abortion-related activities, but would have prohibited the use of federal funds.[101]

In February 2009, Pelosi met with her bishop, Archbishop George Hugh Niederauer of San Francisco, and with Pope Benedict XVI as a result of comments she made to Tom Brokaw on Meet the Press that many observers felt inaccurately portrayed Church teaching on the subject of abortion and the beginning of life.[102][103]

Gun laws

Pelosi stands in favor of increased background checks for potential gun owners, as well as the controversial banning of assault weapons. In February 2013, she called for the "Boldest possible move" on gun control, similar to a stance made just weeks earlier by former Representative, mass shooting victim, and fellow gun control advocate Gabrielle Giffords.[104] In 2012, she was given 0% ratings by both the National Rifle Association and Gun Owners of America for her stances on gun control.[105]

In a February 2013 interview with Fox News, Pelosi misstated that gun ownership was protected by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.[106] The First Amendment addresses freedom of speech and the press, and it is the Second Amendment that addresses gun ownership.

Fiscal/monetary policy

Pelosi voted against the 1995 Balanced Budget Proposed Constitutional Amendment, which was passed by the House by a 300–132 vote, but in the Senate fell two votes short of the 2/3 supermajority required (with 65 out of 100 Senators voting in favor).[107]

As Speaker of the House, she also spearheaded the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 as part of the 100-Hour Plan. The Act raises the minimum wage in the United States and the territories of the Northern Marianas Islands and American Samoa. American Samoa was initially absent from the act, but as part of HR 2206 it was included. One Republican congressman who voted against the initial bill accused Pelosi of unethically benefiting Del Monte Foods (headquartered in her district) by the exclusion of the territory, where Del Monte's StarKist Tuna brand is a major employer.[108] Pelosi co-sponsored legislation that omitted American Samoa from a raise in the minimum wage as early as 1999, prior to Del Monte's acquisition of StarKist Tuna in 2002.[109] As of the 2002, 2004, and 2006 election cycles, Del Monte has not contributed to Democratic candidates.[110]

Pelosi opposed the welfare reform proposed by President Bush as well as reforms proposed and passed under President Clinton.[111] She also opposed the tax reform passed by President Trump and described it as "Armageddon."[112]

Civil liberties

Pelosi and Keith Ellison (right) at his swearing-in ceremony with Thomas Jefferson's Quran

The American Civil Liberties Union's Congressional Scorecard has given Pelosi a lifetime rating of 92% for her voting record on civil liberties.[113] In 2001, she voted in favor of the USA Patriot Act, but voted against reauthorization of certain provisions in 2005.[114] She voted against a Constitutional amendment banning flag-burning.[115]

Confederate monuments

As Speaker of the House, Pelosi quietly moved the statue of Robert E. Lee from the National Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capitol to the Capitol crypt.[116] In Lee's place, she had a statue of Rosa Parks erected.[116] In August 2017, Pelosi said she supported the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials from the Capitol Building.[117]

Contraception

In a January 25, 2009 interview with George Stephanopoulos for ABC News, Pelosi said, "Well, the family planning services reduce cost. They reduce cost. The states are in terrible fiscal budget crises now and part of what we do for children's health, education and some of those elements are to help the states meet their financial needs. One of those – one of the initiatives you mentioned, the contraception, will reduce costs to the states and to the federal government."[118]

Education

In 1999, Pelosi voted against the Ten Commandments being displayed in public buildings, including schools[119] Pelosi voted for the No Child Left Behind Act, which instituted testing to track students' progress and authorized an increase in overall education spending.[120]

Environment

President George W. Bush and Pelosi honor 300 Tuskegee Airmen at the Capitol building, March 2007.

Pelosi has supported the development of new technologies to reduce U.S. dependence upon foreign oil and remediate the adverse environmental effects of burning fossil fuels.[121] Pelosi has widely supported conservation programs and energy research appropriations. She has also voted to remove an amendment that would allow for oil and gas exploration in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.[122]

Pelosi has blocked efforts to revive offshore oil drilling in protected areas, reasoning that offshore drilling could lead to an increase in dependence on fossil fuels.[123]

Health care

Speaker Pelosi was instrumental in the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. Pelosi was a key figure in convincing President Barack Obama to continue pushing for health care reform after the election of Massachusetts Sen. Scott Brown in a January special election, a defeat that was seen as potentially fatal to Democratic reform efforts.[46] After delivering 219 votes in the House for Obama's signature health care package, Pelosi was both praised and heckled as she made her way to Capitol Hill.[124]

Pelosi has voted to increase Medicare and Medicaid benefits.[125] She does not endorse Senator Bernie Sanders' bill for single payer healthcare.[126][127]

On March 10, 2017, Pelosi stated that Democrats would continue battling Republican efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act but would also be willing to form a compromise measure in the event that Republicans were unable to pass a compromise bill and reached out for bipartisan support. She indicated her support for the Republican plan to expand Health Savings Accounts and said the question of Republicans accepting an expansion of Medicaid was important.[128] In September, Pelosi sent a letter to Democrats praising Senator John McCain for announcing his opposition to the latest Republican effort to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act and called for both lawmakers and advocacy groups to put pressure on Republicans the health care discussion. Pelosi said the Democrats would be unified as putting "a stake in the heart of this monstrous bill."[129]

In July 2018, during a speech at Independence First, Pelosi said the goal of the Democrats "has always been to expand coverage and to do so in a way that improves benefits ... and we have to address the affordability issue that is so undermined by the Republicans."[130]

Immigration

Pelosi speaking against Donald Trump's immigration ban
Pelosi at San Francisco's Chinese New Year Festival

Pelosi voted against the Secure Fence Act of 2006.[131]

In June 2018, Pelosi visited a federal facility used to detain migrant children separated from their parents and subsequently called for the resignation of Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen.[132] In July, Pelosi characterized the compromise immigration bill by the Republicans as a deal with the devil and noted she had not had conversations with House Speaker Ryan about a legislative solution to the separation of families at the southern border.[133]

Iraq War

In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President Bush to use military force against Iraq,[134] while stating that Iraq, like "other countries of concern", had WMDs.[135] In explaining her opposition to the resolution, Pelosi noted that Central Intelligence Agency Director George Tenet had told Congress that the likelihood of Iraq's Saddam Hussein launching an attack on the U.S. using weapons of mass destruction was low. "This is about the Constitution", Pelosi said. "It is about this Congress asserting its right to declare war when we are fully aware what the challenges are to us. It is about respecting the United Nations and a multilateral approach, which is safer for our troops." Despite Pelosi's opposition, Congress still passed a resolution authorizing President Bush to use the Armed Forces of the United States against Iraq.[136]

Israel

Pelosi reaffirms that "America and Israel share an unbreakable bond: in peace and war; and in prosperity and in hardship".[137] Pelosi emphasized that "a strong relationship between the United States and Israel has long been supported by both Democrats and Republicans. America's commitment to the safety and security of the State of Israel is unwavering, ... [h]owever, the war in Iraq has made both America and Israel less safe." Pelosi's voting record shows consistent support for Israel. Prior to 2006 elections in the Palestinian Authority, she voted for a Congressional initiative disapproving of participation in the elections by Hamas and other organizations defined as terrorist by the legislation. She agrees with the current U.S. stance in support of land-for-peace. She has applauded Israeli "hopeful signs" of offering land, while criticizing Palestinian "threats" of not demonstrating peace in turn. She states, "If the Palestinians agree to coordinate with Israel on the evacuation, establish the rule of law, and demonstrate a capacity to govern, the world may be convinced that finally there is a real partner for peace".[137]

During the 2006 Lebanon War, Pelosi voted in favor of Resolution 921 on the count that "the seizure of Israeli soldiers by Hezbollah terrorists was an unprovoked attack and Israel has the right, and indeed the obligation, to respond". She argues that organizations and political bodies in the Mideast like Hamas and Hezbollah "have a greater interest in maintaining a state of hostility with Israel than in improving the lives of the people they claim to represent". Pelosi asserts that civilians on both sides of the border "have been put at risk by the aggression of Hamas and Hezbollah" in part for their use of "civilians as shields by concealing weapons in civilian areas".[138]

In September 2008, Pelosi hosted a reception in Washington with Israeli Knesset speaker Dalia Itzik, along with 20 members of Congress, where they toasted the "strong friendship" between Israel and the United States. During the ceremony, Pelosi held up the replica dog tags of the three Israeli soldiers captured by Hezbollah and Hamas in 2006 and stated that she keeps them as a "symbol of the sacrifices made, sacrifices far too great by the people of the state of Israel".[139]

In March 2018, Pelosi said that "There is no greater political accomplishment in the 20th Century than the establishment of the State of Israel."[140]

First Gulf War

Pelosi opposed U.S. intervention in the 1991 Gulf War.[111][141]

LGBT rights

The 2013 San Francisco Pride Festival

Pelosi received a 100% rating from the Human Rights Campaign for the 107th, 108th, and 109th sessions of Congress, indicating that she voted in agreement with HRC's slate of pro-gay legislative issues.[142] In 1996 she voted against the Defense of Marriage Act,[143] and in 2004 and 2006, she voted against the proposed Federal Marriage Amendment, which would amend the United States Constitution to define marriage federally as being between one man and one woman, thereby overriding states' individual rights to legalize same-sex marriage.[144][145] When the Supreme Court of California overturned the state's ban on same-sex marriage, Pelosi released a statement welcoming the "historic decision". She voiced her opposition to Proposition 8, the successful ballot initiative, which defined marriage in California as a union between one man and one woman.[146] Pelosi states that her Catholic faith is behind her position on LGBT rights such as same-sex marriage, despite the fact that the Catholic Church clearly teaches that marriage is between one man and one woman, and that homosexual behavior is sinful. Pelosi says "My religion compels me—and I love it for it—to be against discrimination of any kind in our country, and I consider [the ban on gay marriage] a form of discrimination. I think it's unconstitutional on top of that."[147]

Marijuana legalization

Pelosi supports reform in marijuana laws, although NORML's deputy director Paul Armentano said that she and other members of Congress hadn't done anything to change the laws.[148] She also supports use of medical marijuana.[149]

Military draft

Speaker-designate Pelosi and House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer meeting with President George W. Bush on November 9, 2006

In regard to Representative Charles Rangel's (D-NY) plan to introduce legislation that would reinstate the draft, Pelosi stated that she did not support such legislation.[150]

PRISM

Pelosi supports the Bush/Obama NSA spying program called PRISM. On June 22, 2013, she was booed at Netroots Nation for saying Edward Snowden was a criminal.[151]

Pelosi meeting with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, and Ambassador Sergey Kislyak, June 2010

Syria

Pelosi supports the Syria Accountability Act and Iran Freedom and Support Act. In a speech at the AIPAC 2005 annual conference, Pelosi said that "for too long, leaders from both parties haven't done enough" to put pressure on Russia and China who are providing Iran with technological information on nuclear issues and missiles. "If evidence of participation by other nations in Iran's nuclear program is discovered, I will insist that the Administration use, rather than ignore, the evidence in determining how the U.S. deals with that nation or nations on other issues."[152] In April 2007, she visited Damascus and stated there "the road to Damascus is a road to peace".[153]

Waterboarding

Pelosi has stated that she now opposes the interrogation technique of waterboarding.[154]

According to the CIA, while Pelosi was the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, she was briefed on the ongoing use of so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", including waterboarding authorized for a captured terrorist, Abu Zubaydah,[155][156][157] in one hour-long briefing in 2002. After the briefing, Pelosi said she "was assured by lawyers with the CIA and the Department of Justice that the methods were legal."[158] Two unnamed former Bush Administration officials say that the briefing was detailed and graphic, and at the time she didn't raise substantial objections.[159] One unnamed U.S. official present during the early briefings said, "In fairness, the environment was different then because we were closer to September 11 and people were still in a panic. But there was no objecting, no hand-wringing. The attitude was, 'We don't care what you do to those guys as long as you get the information you need to protect the American people.' "[160]

However, several top Democratic lawmakers in the House signed a letter on June 26, 2009, alleging that CIA Director Leon Panetta had asserted that the CIA misled Congress for a "number of years" spanning back to 2001, casting clouds on the controversy.[161] Neither letter, lawmakers or the CIA provided details and the circumstances surrounding the allegations make it hard to assess the claims and counterclaims of both sides.[162]

Officials in Congress say her ability to challenge the practices may have been hampered by strict rules of secrecy that prohibited her from being able to take notes or consult legal experts or members of her own staffs.[163] In an April 2009 press conference, Pelosi stated, "In that or any other briefing ... we were not, and I repeat, were not told that waterboarding or any of these other enhanced interrogation techniques were used. What they did tell us is that they had some legislative counsel – the Office of Legislative Counsel opinions that they could be used, but not that they would. And they further – further, the point was that if and when they would be used, they would brief Congress at that time"[164][165] Pelosi's office stated that she later protested the technique and that she concurred with objections raised by Democratic colleague Jane Harman in a letter to the CIA in early 2003.[154]

Donald Trump

During a news conference on June 9, 2017, after a reporter asked her about tweets by Trump responding to the testimony of former FBI James Comey before the Senate Intelligence Committee, Pelosi said no one at the White House seemed courageous enough to tell Trump that his tweets were beneath the dignity of the presidency and said that she was worried about his fitness.[166] In November, when asked about Democrats beginning the impeachment process against Trump in the event they won a majority of seats in the 2018 elections, Pelosi said it would not be one of their legislative priorities but that the option could be considered if credible evidence appeared during the ongoing investigations into Russian interference in the 2016 election.[167]

In January 2018, Pelosi referred to Trump's 2018 State of the Union Address as a performance that was without serious policy ideas that both parties could collaborate on. She questioned Trump's refusal to implement Russian sanctions after over 500 members of Congress voted to approve them.[168] In February, after Trump blocked the release of a Democratic memo by the Intelligence Committee, Pelosi said the act was "a stunningly brazen attempt to cover up the truth about the Trump-Russia scandal from the American people" and "part of a dangerous and desperate pattern of cover-up on the part of the President" who had shown he had something to hide.[169] In March, Pelosi stated that she was "more concerned about the president's policies which undermine the financial security of America's working families" than the Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal. Pelosi did note the scandal as having highlight a double standard of Republicans on issues of family values and expectations of presidential behavior, saying the party would be very involved if the event was happening to a Democrat.[170] In April, following Scooter Libby being pardoned by Trump, Pelosi released a statement saying the pardon "sends a troubling signal to the president's allies that obstructing justice will be rewarded and that the idea of those who lie under oath being granted a pardon "poses a threat to the integrity of the special counsel investigation, and to our democracy."[171] On August 15, after Trump revoked the security clearance of former CIA Director John Brennan, Pelosi stated the move was "a stunning abuse of power & a pathetic attempt to silence critics" and an attempt by Trump to avoid attention to other issues of his administration.[172]

Electoral history

The city of San Francisco named a street in Golden Gate Park in honor of Pelosi after her many years representing the city in Congress.

Pelosi's only close race so far has been the special election to succeed Sala Burton's seat after her death in February 1987. In the special election's Democratic primary, Pelosi narrowly defeated San Francisco Supervisor Harry Britt, considered the more "progressive" candidate, with 36 percent of the vote to his 32 percent.[13][173] In the runoff against Republican candidate Harriet Ross, Pelosi received more than a 2-to-1 majority of votes cast in a turnout that comprised about 24% of eligible voters.[174] Since then, Pelosi has enjoyed overwhelming support in her political career, collecting 76 and 77 percent of the vote in California's 5th congressional district for the 1988 and 1990 Race for U.S. House of Representatives. In 1992, after the redistricting from the 1990 Census, Pelosi ran in California's 8th congressional district, which now covered the San Francisco area. She has continued to post landslide victories since, dropping beneath 80 percent of the vote only twice.

Personal life

She met Paul Frank Pelosi (b. April 15, 1940, in San Francisco)[175] while she was attending college.[176] They married in Baltimore at the Cathedral of Mary Our Queen on September 7, 1963.[177] After the couple married, they moved to New York, and then to San Francisco in 1969, where Paul Pelosi's brother, Ronald Pelosi, was a member of the City and County of San Francisco's Board of Supervisors.[178]

Nancy and Frank Pelosi have five children: Nancy Corinne, Christine, Jacqueline, Paul, and Alexandra, as well as eight grandchildren. Alexandra, a journalist, covered the Republican presidential campaigns in 2000 and made a film about the experience, Journeys with George. In 2007, Christine published a book, Campaign Boot Camp: Basic Training for Future Leaders.[179]

Pelosi resides in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco.[180][181] Her 2016 financial disclosure report lists among her assets a combined home and vineyard in St. Helena, two commercial buildings in San Francisco, and a townhome in Placer.[182] In November 2012, a man was arrested for burglarizing Pelosi's home and others in the St. Helena area; he pled guilty to five counts of burglary in October 2014.[183]

Pelosi is a distant relative of professional soccer player, Marc Pelosi, although the two have never met.[184]

Financial status

While members of Congress are not required to disclose their exact net worth, organizations such as the nonpartisan Center for Responsive Politics (CRP) prepare estimated ranges based on public disclosures. In 2014, CRP reported Pelosi's average net worth in 2014 was $101,273,023 having ranked 8th out of 25 wealthiest members of Congress.[185] In 2009, CRP reported Pelosi's average net worth was $58,436,537 having ranked 13th among 25 wealthiest members of Congress[186]

Roll Call's Wealth of Congress Index reported that Pelosi's net worth was $29.35 million and that she ranked the 15th wealthiest member of Congress for 2014.[187] According to Roll Call, Pelosi and her husband hold properties "worth at least $14.65 million, including a St. Helena vineyard in Napa Valley worth at least $5 million, and commercial real estate in San Francisco."[187] Roll Call said Pelosi's earnings are connected to her husband's heavy investments in stocks including "Apple, Comcast, Facebook, Shutterfly and Walt Disney."[187] Roll Call reported that the Pelosi's have $13.46 million in liabilities including mortgages on seven properties.[187]

Business Insider reported that Pelosi's worth was $26.4 million in 2012 and was 13th among the 15 richest members of Congress.[188]

Involvement in Italian-American community

Pelosi is a board member of the National Organization of Italian American Women.[189] She served for 13 years as a board member of the National Italian American Foundation (NIAF). In 2007, she received the NIAF Special Achievement Award for Public Advocacy and remains involved in the foundation.

Honors and decorations

See also

References

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  126. ↑ Mascaro, Lisa. "Pelosi declines to endorse Sen. Bernie Sanders' single-payer healthcare bill". Los Angeles Times. Nant Capital LLC. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
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  128. ↑ "Pelosi says Democrats willing to deal on health care fixes if GOP reaches out". USA Today. March 10, 2017.
  129. ↑ "Pelosi: Democrats will 'put a stake in the heart' of ObamaCare repeal after McCain opposition". The Hill. September 22, 2017.
  130. ↑ Barrett, Rick. "Nancy Pelosi pushes for national health care plan during Milwaukee visit". jsonline.com.
  131. ↑ "Key Votes by Nancy Pelosi Archived May 30, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.," Washington Post . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  132. ↑ "Pelosi visits detention facility, says DHS secretary should resign". The Hill. June 18, 2018.
  133. ↑ "Pelosi: GOP immigration bill is 'a compromise with the devil'". The Hill. July 21, 2018.
  134. ↑ "Final vote results for roll call 455". Office of the Clerk. October 10, 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2006.
  135. ↑ Pelosi, Nancy (October 10, 2002). "Pelosi: Unilateral Use of Force Will Be Harmful to the War on Terrorism". House of Representatives (Press release). Archived from the original on November 2, 2006. Retrieved November 12, 2006.
  136. ↑ "Congress Passes Iraq Use of Force Resolution". about.com. October 11, 2002. Retrieved October 11, 2002.
  137. 1 2 "Pelosi Delivers Speech to American Israel Public Affairs Committee". democraticleader.house.gov. 2005. Archived from the original on February 2, 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
  138. ↑ "Pelosi Floor Statement on House Resolution Reaffirming Support for Israel". News West 9. July 19, 2006. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  139. ↑ "Two speakers toast to U.S.-Israel friendship". JTA. September 18, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  140. ↑ "U.S. House Democrats depart for Israel trip". The Jerusalem Post. March 25, 2018.
  141. ↑ Hidden Casualties: Environmental, Health and Political Consequences of the Persian Gulf War by Nancy Pelosi, Saul Bloom, et al., North Atlantic Books, 1994. ISBN 978-1-55643-163-0.
  142. ↑ Measuring Support for Equality in Congress Archived November 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine., Human Rights Campaign . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  143. ↑ Final Vote Results for Roll Call, U.S. House of Representatives voting records . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  144. ↑ Nancy Pelosi on Civil Rights, OnTheIssues.org . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  145. ↑ "Top state Dems criticize S.F. mayor", San Francisco Chronicle, February 2, 2004.
  146. ↑ "Pelosi Statement on California State Supreme Court Ruling on Gay Marriage". House.gov. May 15, 2008. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  147. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi: My Catholic faith 'compels me' to support gay marriage". Washington Post: On Faith. May 11, 2012.
  148. ↑ "Speaker Pelosi, we've been "in touch" about marijuana will you do something now," The NormlStash Blog . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  149. ↑ Pelosi talks medical marijuana Archived February 1, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Current.com . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  150. ↑ Pelosi says no to draft legislation, CNN Politics, November 21, 2006
  151. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi Booed, Heckled Over Edward Snowden, NSA Comments At Netroots Nation 2013". The Huffington Post. June 22, 2013.
  152. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi: Israel, don't fear Dems in Congress". ynetnews.com. 2006. Retrieved January 4, 2007.
  153. ↑ Cheney, Liz (April 15, 2007). "Liz Cheney: Conducting diplomacy in Syria is shameful". Deseret News. Retrieved March 18, 2013.
  154. 1 2 Mazzetti, Mark. C.I.A. Official in Inquiry Called a 'Hero', New York Times, December 10, 2007.
  155. ↑ Torture battle escalating, Pelosi vs. Boehner, San Francisco Chronicle, April 23, 2009
  156. ↑ Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002, The Washington Post, December 9, 2007
  157. ↑ Kane, Paul. "Pelosi briefed in 2002 on interrogation tactics", San Francisco Chronicle, May 8, 2009.
  158. ↑ "Pelosi: I Was Told Interrogation Methods Were Lawful". FoxNews.com. Fox News Channel. May 8, 2009. Retrieved June 7, 2014. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi insisted Friday that she was briefed only once about the 'enhanced' interrogation techniques being used on terrorism suspects and that she was assured by lawyers with the CIA and the Department of Justice that the methods were legal.
  159. ↑ Warrick, Joby; Dan Eggen (December 9, 2007). "Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002". Washington Post. Retrieved December 10, 2007.
  160. ↑ Warrick, Joby; Eggen, Dan (December 9, 2007). "Hill Briefed on Waterboarding in 2002". The Washington Post. (formerly The Washington Post Company, now Nash Holdings LLC). Retrieved October 6, 2013. In fairness, the environment was different then because we were closer to Sept. 11 and people were still in a panic," said one U.S. official present during the early briefings. "But there was no objecting, no hand-wringing. The attitude was, 'We don't care what you do to those guys as long as you get the information you need to protect the American people.'
  161. ↑ Open Letter from the Congress of the United States. Published June 26, 2009 . Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  162. ↑ Gorman, Siobhan (July 8, 2009). "Democrats Say Panetta Admits CIA Misled Them". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  163. ↑ Thrush, Glenn (April 23, 2009). "Pelosi briefed on waterboarding in '02". Politico. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
  164. ↑ "Torture battle escalating, Pelosi vs. Boehner", San Francisco . Retrieved February 3, 2010.
  165. ↑ Thrush, Glenn (April 23, 2009). "Pelosi: I didn't know about use of waterboarding". Politico. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
  166. ↑ Kelley, Erin. "Nancy Pelosi: Trump 'needs sleep' and she's 'worried' about his fitness". USA Today.
  167. ↑ "Pelosi: Impeaching Trump 'not someplace that I think we should go'". Politico. November 5, 2017.
  168. ↑ "Pelosi: Trump's 'performance' devoid of 'serious policy ideas'". The Hill. January 31, 2018.
  169. ↑ "Pelosi: Trump 'has something to hide'". The Hill. February 9, 2018.
  170. ↑ "Pelosi: Focus on Trump's agenda, not Stormy Daniels". The Hill. March 8, 2018.
  171. ↑ Delk, Josh (April 13, 2018). "Pelosi: Libby pardon shows that 'obstructing justice will be rewarded' by Trump". The Hill.
  172. ↑ "Pelosi: Trump revoking Brennan's clearance a 'pathetic attempt to silence critics'". The Hill. August 15, 2018.
  173. ↑ Lindsey, Robert (April 9, 1987). "House race in west goes to runoff". The New York Times. Accessed via Lexis-Nexis.
  174. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi Wins House Seat". The Washington Post. June 3, 1987. Accessed via Lexis-Nexis.
  175. ↑ Date of birth found on the California Birth Index 1905–1995, under Pelosi, Paul Frank, on April 15, 1940, in San Francisco.
  176. ↑ "Pelosi: Remarks at Georgetown University School of Foreign Commencement". House.gov. May 18, 2002. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
  177. ↑ McManus, Margaret (February 4, 1995). "Baltimore-bred lawmaker lives, breathes politics". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
  178. ↑ "Board of Supervisors: Past Supervisors". City and County of San Francisco. Archived from the original on November 14, 2008. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
  179. ↑ Whiting, Sam (February 3, 2008). "Christine Pelosi's boot camp trains future politicians to avoid the campaign minefield". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
  180. ↑ Evon, Dan (February 16, 2018). "Is This a Wall Around Nancy Pelosi's Home?". Snopes. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  181. ↑ McKinley, Jesse (March 13, 2007). "Home in San Francisco, Pelosi Gets the Crawford Treatment". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  182. ↑ "Financial Disclosure Report, Hon. Nancy Pelosi" (PDF). Office of the Clerk, United States House of Representatives. May 15, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  183. ↑ Todorov, Kerana (October 13, 2014). "Man who burglarized Pelosi and Redford homes set to go to prison". St. Helena Star. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
  184. ↑ Sciaretta, Brian (February 22, 2012). "Yanks Abroad: For Pelosi, Progress at Liverpool Takes a Knock in the Knee". The New York Times. Retrieved May 18, 2018. Pelosi was born in Germany in 1994 but moved to California when he was 3 years old. He also is a distant relative of the former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, though he has never met her.
  185. ↑ "Net Worth, 2014". Center for Responsive Politics. Archived from the original on January 30, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  186. ↑ "Net Worth, 2009". Center for Responsive Politics. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  187. 1 2 3 4 "Wealth of Congress Index". Roll Call. 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  188. ↑ Hickey, Walter (August 23, 2012). "The 15 Richest Members Of Congress". Business Insider. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
  189. ↑ "Board Members | NOIAW". National Organization of Italian American Women. Retrieved October 6, 2013. Distinguished Board Member
  190. ↑ "Pelosi On. Nancy decorated". The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic.
  191. ↑ "Walters Honors Pelosi as 'Most Fascinating' Person of 2006". Media Research Center.
  192. ↑ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". Forbes. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  193. ↑ "Nancy Pelosi addressed Mount Holyoke graduates: Praises the young for social activism".
  194. ↑ http://www.gazettenet.com/Mount-Holyoke-College-announces-Nancy-Pelosi-as-commencement-speaker-16821119

Further reading

  • Dabbous, Y., Ladley, A. (2010), "A spine of steel and a heart of gold: Newspaper coverage of the first female Speaker of the House", Journal of Gender Studies 19 (2), pp. 181–194

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