Maxine Waters

Maxine Waters
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California
Assumed office
January 3, 1991
Preceded by Augustus Hawkins
Constituency 29th district (1991–93)
35th district (1993–2013)
43rd district (2013–present)
Member of the California State Assembly
from the 48th district
In office
December 6, 1976 – December 3, 1990
Preceded by Leon D. Ralph
Succeeded by Marguerite Archie-Hudson
Personal details
Born Maxine Moore Carr
(1938-08-15) August 15, 1938
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Political party Democratic
Spouse(s)
Edward Waters
(m. 1956; div. 1972)

Sid Williams (m. 1977)
Children 2
Education California State University, Los Angeles (BA)

Maxine Moore Waters (née Carr; born August 15, 1938) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for California's 43rd congressional district since 2013. She previously served as the U.S. Representative for California's 35th and 29th districts, first elected in 1990 and reelected since. A member of the Democratic Party, she is the most senior of the 12 black women currently serving in the United States Congress, and is a member and former chair of the Congressional Black Caucus.[1]

Before becoming a member of Congress she served in the California Assembly, to which she was first elected in 1976. As an Assembly member, Waters advocated divestment from South Africa's apartheid regime. In Congress, she has been an outspoken opponent of the Iraq War and of Republican Presidents George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush and Donald Trump.

Early life and education

Waters was born in 1938 in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Remus Carr and Velma Lee (née Moore).[2][3] The fifth out of thirteen children, Waters was raised by her single mother once her father left the family when Maxine was two.[4] She graduated from Vashon High School in St. Louis, Missouri before moving with her family to Los Angeles, California in 1961. She worked in a garment factory and as a telephone operator before being hired as an assistant teacher with the Head Start program at Watts in 1966.[4] Waters later enrolled at Los Angeles State College (now California State University, Los Angeles), where she received a bachelor's degree in sociology.

Early political career

In 1973, she went to work as chief deputy to City Councilman David S. Cunningham, Jr.. Waters entered the California State Assembly in 1976. While in the assembly she worked for the divestment of state pension funds from any businesses active in South Africa, a country then operating under the policy of apartheid, and helped pass legislation within the guidelines of the divestment campaign's Sullivan Principles.[5] She ascended to the position of Democratic Caucus Chair for the Assembly.[6]

U.S. House of Representatives

Waters greeting President Bill Clinton in 1994

Elections

Upon the retirement of Augustus F. Hawkins in 1990, Waters was elected to the United States House of Representatives for California's 29th congressional district with over 79% of the popular vote. She has been reelected consistently from this district, renumbered as the 35th District in 1992 and as the 43rd in 2012, with at least 70 percent of the vote.

Waters has represented large parts of south-central Los Angeles and the Los Angeles coastal communities of Westchester and Playa Del Rey, as well as the cities of Torrance, Gardena, Hawthorne, Inglewood and Lawndale.

Tenure

On July 29, 1994, Waters came to public attention when she repeatedly interrupted a speech by Peter King (R-NY). The presiding officer, Carrie Meek (D-FL), classed her behaviour as "unruly and turbulent", and threatened to have the Sergeant at Arms present her with the Mace of the House of Representatives (the equivalent of a formal warning to desist). As of 2017, this is the most recent instance of the mace being employed in a disciplinary sense. Waters was eventually suspended from the house for the rest of the day. The conflict with King stemmed from the previous day, when they had both been present at a House Banking Committee hearing on the Whitewater controversy. Waters felt King's questioning of Maggie Williams (Hillary Clinton's chief of staff) was too harsh, and they subsequently exchanged hostile words.[7][8]

Waters was chair of the Congressional Black Caucus from 1997 to 1998. During 2005, Waters testified at the U.S. House Committee on Education and the Workforce hearings on "Enforcement of Federal Anti-Fraud Laws in For-Profit Education", highlighting the American College of Medical Technology as a "problem school" in her district.[9] In 2006 she was involved in the debate over King Drew Medical Center. She criticized media coverage of the hospital and in 2006 Waters asked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to deny a waiver of the cross ownership ban, and hence license renewal for KTLA-TV, a station the Los Angeles Times owned. She said that "The Los Angeles Times has had an inordinate effect on public opinion and has used it to harm the local community in specific instances." She requested that the FCC force the paper to either sell its station or risk losing that station's broadcast rights.[10] According to Broadcasting & Cable, the challenges raised "the specter of costly legal battles to defend station holdings... At a minimum, defending against one would cost tens of thousands of dollars in lawyers' fees and probably delay license renewal about three months".[11] Waters' petition was ultimately unsuccessful.[12] As a Democratic representative in Congress, Waters was a superdelegate to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. She endorsed Democratic U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton for the party's nomination in late January 2008, granting the New York Senator nationally recognized support that some suggested would "make big waves."[13][14][15] Waters later switched her endorsement to U.S. Senator Barack Obama when his lead in the pledged delegate count became insurmountable on the final day of primary voting.[16] Waters had a confrontation over an earmark in the United States House Committee on Appropriations with fellow Democratic congressman Dave Obey in 2009. The funding request was for a public school employment training center in Los Angeles that was named after her.[17] In 2011, Waters voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as part of a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial.[18]

With the retirement of Barney Frank (D-Massachusetts) in 2012, Waters became the ranking member of the House Financial Services Committee.[19][20] On July 24, 2013, Waters voted in favor of Amendment 100 included in H.R. 2397 Department of Defense Appropriations Act of 2014.[21] The amendment targeted domestic surveillance activities, specifically that of the National Security Agency, and if ultimately passed would have limited the flexibility of the NSA's interpretation of the law to collect sweeping data on U.S. citizens.[22] Amendment 100 was rejected 217–205. On March 27, 2014, Waters introduced a discussion draft of the Housing Opportunities Move the Economy Forward Act of 2014 known as the HOME Forward Act of 2014.[23] A key provision of the bill includes the collection of 10 basis points for "every dollar outstanding mortgages collateralizing covered securities" estimated to be approximately $5 billion a year. These funds would be directed to three funds that support affordable housing initiatives, with 75% going to the National Housing trust fund. The National Housing Trust Fund will then provide block grants to states to be used primarily to build, preserve, rehabilitate, and operate rental housing that is affordable to the lowest income households, and groups including seniors, disabled persons and low income workers. The National Housing Trust was enacted in 2008, but has yet to be funded.[24] In 2009, Waters co-sponsored Rep. John Conyers' bill calling for reparations for slavery to be paid to black Americans.[25]

Rodney King verdict and Los Angeles riots

When south-central Los Angeles erupted in riots—in which 58 were killed—after the Rodney King verdict in 1992, Waters gained national attention "when she helped deliver relief supplies in Watts and demanded the resumption of vital services".[26][27] Waters described the riots as a rebellion, saying "If you call it a riot it sounds like it was just a bunch of crazy people who went out and did bad things for no reason. I maintain it was somewhat understandable, if not acceptable."[28] In her view, the violence was "a spontaneous reaction to a lot of injustice." In regards to the looting of Korean-owned stores by local black residents, she said in an interview with KABC radio host Michael Jackson: "There were mothers who took this as an opportunity to take some milk, to take some bread, to take some shoes... They are not crooks."[29]

CIA

Following a 1996 San Jose Mercury News article alleging the complicity of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Los Angeles crack epidemic of the 1980s, Waters called for an investigation. Waters questioned whether "U.S.-government paid or organized operatives smuggled, transported and sold it to American citizens."[30] The United States Department of Justice (DOJ) announced it had failed to find any evidence to support the original story.[31] The Los Angeles Times also concluded after its own extensive investigation that the allegations were not supported by evidence.[32] The author of the original story, Gary Webb, was eventually transferred to a different beat and removed from investigative reporting, before his death in 2004.[33] Webb was found in his apartment with two bullet holes in his head. His death was declared a suicide. Following these post-publication investigations, Waters read into the Congressional Record a memorandum of understanding in which former President Ronald Reagan's CIA director rejected any duty by the CIA to report illegal narcotics trafficking to the Department of Justice.[34][35] Despite being widely debunked, Waters continued to assert that the CIA had directly contributed to the crack epidemic.[36]

Allegations of corruption

According to Chuck Neubauer and Ted Rohrlich writing in the Los Angeles Times in 2004, Maxine Waters' relatives had made more than $1 million during the preceding eight years by doing business with companies, candidates and causes that Waters had helped. They claimed she and her husband helped a company get government bond business, and her daughter Karen Waters and son Edward Waters have profited from her connections. Waters replied that "They do their business and I do mine."[37] Liberal watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Waters to its list of corrupt members of Congress in its 2005, 2006, 2009 and 2011 reports.[38][39] Citizens Against Government Waste named her the June 2009 Porker of the Month due to her intention to obtain an earmark for the Maxine Waters Employment Preparation Center.[40][41]

Waters came under investigation for ethics violations and was accused by a House panel of at least one ethics violation related to her efforts to help OneUnited Bank receive federal aid.[42] Waters' husband is a stockholder and former director of OneUnited Bank and the bank's executives were major contributors to her campaigns. In September 2008, Waters arranged meetings between U.S. Treasury Department officials and OneUnited Bank, so that the bank could plead for federal cash. It had been heavily invested in Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and its capital was "all but wiped out" after the U.S. government took them over. The bank received $12 million in Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) money.[43][44] The matter was investigated by the House Ethics Committee,[45][46] which charged her with violations of the House's ethics rules in 2010.[47][48][49][50] On September 21, 2012, the House Ethics Committee completed a report clearing Waters of all ethics charges after nearly three years of investigation.[51]

"Reclaiming my time"

In July 2017, during a House Financial Services Committee meeting, Waters questioned United States Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin. At several points during the questioning, Waters used the phrase "reclaiming my time" when Mnuchin did not directly address the questions Waters had asked him. The video of the interaction between Waters and Mnuchin became viral on social media, and the phrase became attached to her criticisms of Trump.[52]

Louis Farrakhan

In early 2018, Waters was among the congressmen whom the Republican Jewish Coalition called to resign due to her connections with Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan.[53][54]

Committee assignments

Previously, she had served on the Committee on the Judiciary.

Caucus memberships

Positions

Barack Obama

In August 2011, Waters criticized President Barack Obama, saying that he was insufficiently supportive of the black community. Waters referred to the high unemployment rate for African Americans (which was hovering around 15.9 percent at the time).[56] At a Congressional Black Caucus town-hall meeting on jobs in Detroit, Waters said that African American members of Congress were reluctant to criticize or place public pressure on Obama because "y'all love the President".[57]

In October 2011, Waters took her criticism of Obama to a 'new level' by confronting the White House with racial issues it had worked hard to avoid. She loudly expressed a sense of frustration that Obama, whose election, once hailed as a crowning achievement in African Americans struggle for equality, had not resulted in any sweeping changes.[58]

Castro and Cuba

Waters has visited Cuba a number of times, praising Fidel Castro's moves towards democracy. She also criticized previous U.S. efforts to overthrow him and demanded an end to the U.S. trade embargo.[59] In 1998 Waters wrote a letter to Castro citing the 1960s and 1970s as "a sad and shameful chapter of our history", and thanked Castro for providing help to those who needed to "flee political persecution".[60]

In 1998, Waters wrote an open letter to Fidel Castro asking him not to extradite convicted terrorist Assata Shakur from Cuba, where she had sought asylum. Waters argued that much of the Black community regarded her conviction as false.[61][62][63] She had earlier supported a Republican bill to extradite Shakur, who was referred to by her former name, Joanne Chesimard. In 1999, Waters called on President Bill Clinton to return six-year-old Elian Gonzales to Cuba; Elian had survived an escape from Cuba, during which his mother had drowned, and taken in by U.S. relatives.[60]

Donald Trump

Waters has called Trump "a bully, an egotistical maniac, a liar and someone who did not need to be President"[39] and "the most deplorable person I've ever met in my life".[64] In a 2017 appearance on MSNBC's All In with Chris Hayes, Waters said President Donald Trump's advisors who have ties to Russia or have oil and gas interests there are "a bunch of scumbags".[65]

Waters began to call for the impeachment of Trump shortly after he took office. In February 2017, Waters said that Trump was "leading himself" to possible impeachment because of his conflicts of interests and that he was creating "chaos and division".[66] In September 2017, while giving a euology at Dick Gregory's funeral, she said that she was "cleaning out the White House" and that "when I get through with Donald Trump, he's going to wish he had been impeached."[67] In October 2017, she said the U.S. Congress had enough evidence against Trump to 'be moving on impeachment', in reference to Russian collusion allegations during the 2016 Presidential election, and that Trump "has openly obstructed justice in front of our face."[68]

Waters texted an allegation on Twitter regarding the Trump White House, "Trump has made it clear—it is now the White Supremacists' House",[69] linking President Trump to the violence that erupted at a white nationalist protest rally in Charlottesville, Virginia on August 12, 2017. Following President Trump's 2018 State of the Union address Waters released a video response wherein she addressed what most of the members of the Congressional Black Caucus see as the racist viewpoint and actions of Trump saying, "He claims that he's bringing people together but make no mistake, he is a dangerous, unprincipled, divisive, and shameful racist."[70] Trump later retaliated against her impeachment views, calling her a "low IQ individual".[71]

On April 24, 2018, while attending the Time 100 Gala, Waters urged Trump to resign, "So that I won't have to keep up this fight of your having to be impeached because I don't think you deserve to be there. Just get out."[72]

On June 23, 2018, following an incident in which White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders was asked to leave a restaurant, Waters urged attendees at a rally in Los Angeles to confront and harass Trump administration officials who show up in public places: "...tell them they're not welcome anymore, anywhere."[73] In response, House Democratic leader Nancy Pelosi posted comments on Twitter reported to be a condemnation of Waters' remarks: "Trump's daily lack of civility has provoked responses that are predictable but unacceptable."[74]

George H. W. Bush

In July 1992, Waters labeled President George H. W. Bush "a racist" who has "polarized the races in this country". Previously, Waters had suggested that Bush has used race to advance his policies.[75]

Haiti

Waters opposed the 2004 coup d'état in Haiti and criticized U.S. involvement.[76] Following the coup, Waters led a delegation along with TransAfrica Forum founder Randall Robinson and Jamaican member of parliament Sharon Hay-Webster to meet with Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide and bring him to Jamaica, where he would remain until May.[77][78][79]

International lending

In August 2008, Waters introduced HR 6796, or the "Stop Very Unscrupulous Loan Transfers from Underprivileged countries from Rich Exploitive Funds Act," also known as the Stop VULTURE Funds Act. This would limit the ability of investors in sovereign debt to use U.S. courts to enforce those instruments against a defaulting country. The bill died in committee.[80]

Iraq War

Waters voted against the Iraq War Resolution, the 2002 resolution that funded and granted Congressional approval to possible military action against the regime of Saddam Hussein.[81] She has remained a consistent critic of the subsequent war and has supported an immediate troop withdrawal from Iraq. Waters asserted in 2007 that President George W. Bush was trying to "set [Congress] up" by continually requesting funds for an "occupation" that is "draining" the country of capital, soldier's lives, and other resources. In particular, she argued that the very economic resources being "wasted" in Iraq were those that might provide universal health care or fully fund President Bush's own "No Child Left Behind" education bill. Additionally, Waters, representing a congressional district whose median income falls far below the national average, argued that patriotism alone had not been the sole driving force for those U.S. service personnel serving in Iraq. Rather, "many of them needed jobs, they needed resources, they needed money, so they're there".[82] In a subsequent floor speech, Waters told her colleagues that Congress, lacking the votes to override the "inevitable Bush veto on any Iraq-related legislation," needed to "better [challenge] the administration's false rhetoric about the Iraq war" and "educate our constituents [about] the connection between the problems in Pakistan, Turkey, and Iran with the problems we have created in Iraq".[83] A few months prior to these speeches Waters became a cosponsor of the House resolution to impeach Vice President Dick Cheney for making allegedly "false statements" about the war.[84]

Mandatory minimum sentences

Waters opposes mandatory minimum sentences.[85]

Tea Party movement

Waters has been very critical of the Tea Party movement. On August 20, 2011, while at a town hall discussing some of the displeasure that supporters of President Obama have had with the Congressional Black Caucus not supporting the president, Waters stated, "This is a tough game. You can't be intimidated. You can't be frightened. And as far as I'm concerned, the 'tea party' can go straight to Hell ... and I intend to help them get there."[86][87]

Personal life

Maxine Waters' second husband, Sid Williams, played professional football in the NFL[88] and is a former U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas under the Clinton Administration.[89]

Other achievements

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Membership". Congressional Black Caucus. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  2. ↑ "Next up for House Ethics trial: St. Louis native Maxine Waters". stltoday. November 19, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Waters, Maxine". Contemporary Black Biography. Encyclopedia.com. 2008. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
  4. 1 2 Brownstein, Ronald (March 5, 1989). "The Two Worlds of Maxine Waters". Los Angeles Times Magazine. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
  5. ↑ French, Howard W. (February 9, 1987). "Slash Ties, Apartheid Foes Urge". New York Times. p. D1. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Maxine Waters, a member of the California Assembly who helped frame her state's pension fund divestment bill, has promised to work overtime to insure that our legislation reflects these guidelines and continues to target any and all U.S. companies that are doing business in or with South Africa.
  6. ↑ "About Congresswoman Maxine Waters: Representing the 35th District of California". Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2009. During 14 years in the California State Assembly, she rose to the powerful position of Democratic Caucus Chair. She was responsible for some of the boldest legislation California has ever seen: the largest divestment of state pension funds from South Africa; landmark affirmative action legislation; the nation's first statewide Child Abuse Prevention Training Program; the prohibition of police strip searches for nonviolent misdemeanors; and the introduction of the nation's first plant closure law.
  7. ↑ Manegold, Catherine S. (July 30, 1994). "Sometimes the Order of the Day Is Just Maintaining Order". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2017.
  8. ↑ Hawthorne, California; C-SPAN What is the staff with an eagle on top they keep moving around in the House? What is it used for? March 5, 2000 Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  9. ↑ "Testimony of the Honorable Maxine Waters". House. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  10. ↑ Waters, Maxine (November 1, 2006). "Petition to Deny Request for Renewal of Broadcast License". Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Tribune influenced public opinion in the Los Angeles DMA to harm its residents and one of its most critical public health facilities – the Martin Luther King/Drew Medical Center (King/Drew).
  11. ↑ McConnell, Bill (September 19, 2004). "Your Money or Your License". Broadcasting & Cable. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  12. ↑ "Station Search Details". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Call Sign: KTLA... Channel: 5... Lic Expir: 12/01/2014
  13. ↑ "The endorsements that would make huge waves". The Hill. December 6, 2007. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Calif.). The outspoken anti-war liberal, who campaigned for Ned Lamont (D) over U.S. Senator Joe Lieberman (I) from Connecticut last year, has not picked a favorite.
  14. ↑ Bombardieri, Marcella (January 29, 2008). "Maxine Waters for Clinton – 2008 Presidential Campaign Blog – Political Intelligence". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  15. ↑ Bombardieri, Marcella (January 29, 2008). "Maxine Waters for Clinton". The Boston Globe.
  16. ↑ Bosman, Julie (June 3, 2008). "The Superdelegate Tally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 6, 2008. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  17. ↑ Allen, Jared; Soraghan, Mike (June 25, 2009). "Obey, Waters in noisy floor fight". The Hill. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  18. ↑ Sheets, Connor. "NDAA Bill: How Did Your Congress Member Vote?". International Business Times.
  19. ↑ Becker, Bernie; Schroeder, Peter (November 28, 2011). "Maxine Waters in line to take over from Frank on Financial Services Committee". The Hill. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
  20. ↑ Crittenden, Michael R (December 4, 2012). "Maxine Waters to Succeed Barney Frank on Banking Panel". WSJ Blog Washington Wire. Retrieved May 23, 2013.
  21. ↑ "Final Vote Results For Roll Call 412". US House of Representatives.
  22. ↑ "Why The NSA and President Bush Got The FISA Court to Reinterpret The Law in Order To Collect Tons Of Data". Tech Dirt.
  23. ↑ Siegel, Robert M.; Sahn, Jeremy C (April 9, 2014). "Recently Unveiled "HOME Forward" Housing Act May Signal the End of Fannie and Freddie". The National Law Review. Bilzin Sumberg Baena Price & Axelrod LLP. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  24. ↑ "H.R Bill - 113th Congress 2D Session [Discussion Draft] "Housing Opportunities Move the Economy Forward Act 5 of 2014" or the "HOME Forward Act of 2014"" (PDF). Government Printing Office. 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2014.
  25. ↑ "H.R. 40 (111th): Commission to Study Reparation Proposals for African-Americans Act". GovTrack.
  26. ↑ Louise Donahue Rep. Maxine Waters to speak at annual MLK Convocation on February 20 January 15, 2007 Currents (UC Santa Cruz)
  27. ↑ "Maxine Water". PBS.
  28. ↑ Pandey, Swati (April 29, 2007). "Was it a 'riot,' a 'disturbance' or a 'rebellion'?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 12, 2010.
  29. ↑ Shuit, Douglas P. (May 10, 1992). "Waters Focuses Her Rage at System". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
  30. ↑ Waters, Maxine (August 30, 1996). "Drugs". The Narco News Bulletin. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2009. What those articles traced, among other things, is the long-term relationship between Norwin Meneses, a Nicaraguan drug trafficker, Danilo Blandon, a Nicaraguan businessperson connected to the Contra rebels as well as a drug trader, and Ricky Ross, an American who worked with Blandon distributing crack cocaine in this country. These individuals represent a much broader and more troubling relationship between U.S. intelligence and security policy, drug smuggling, and the spread of crack cocaine into the United States. Letter to U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno
  31. ↑ Cockburn, Alexander; Jeffrey St Clair (October 1, 1999). Whiteout: The CIA, Drugs and the Press. Verso. ISBN 1-85984-258-5.
  32. ↑ "CIA-Contra-Crack Cocaine Controversy".
  33. ↑ "Are You Sure You Want to Ruin Your Career?". March 1, 1998.
  34. ↑ Waters, Maxine (May 7, 1998). "Casey". Congressional Record?. California State University Northridge. pp. H2970–H2978. Archived from the original on September 10, 2004. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  35. ↑ Casey Archived September 10, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
  36. ↑ Kessler, Ronald (2016). The CIA at War: Inside the Secret Campaign Against Terror. New York, NY: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 2. ISBN 0312319339.
  37. ↑ Chuck Neubauer and Ted Rohrlich Capitalizing on a Politician's Clout; The husband, daughter and son of Rep. Maxine Waters have business links to people the influential lawmaker has aided; The Los Angeles Times. December 19, 2004. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
  38. ↑ "Maxine Waters". CREW's Most Corrupt. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012.
  39. 1 2 Yamiche Alcindor, 'Auntie Maxine' Waters Goes After Trump and Goes Viral, New York Times (July 7, 2017).
  40. ↑ "Rep. Maxine Waters is CAGW's June Porker of the Month". Citizens Against Government Waste. April 2009. Archived from the original on June 23, 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2009.
  41. ↑ Maxine Waters: charges highlight mixed ethics record; California Rep. Maxine Waters, a powerful 'liberal institution' in Congress, has raised ethics eyebrows in the past. August 3, 2010 Christian Science Monitor
  42. ↑ Simon, Richard; Mascaro, Lisa (July 31, 2010). "Maxine Waters faces ethics charges". The Los Angeles Times.
  43. ↑ Schmidt, Susan (March 12, 2009). "Waters Helped Bank Whose Stock She Once Owned". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Ms. Waters, who represents inner-city Los Angeles, hasn't made a secret of her family's financial interest in OneUnited. Referring to her family's investment, she said in 2007 during a congressional hearing that for African-Americans, "the test of your commitment to economic expansion and development and support for business is whether or not you put your money where your mouth is."
  44. ↑ Lipton, Eric; Jim Rutenberg; Barclay Walsh (March 12, 2009). "Congresswoman, Tied to Bank, Helped Seek Funds". New York Times. Retrieved March 13, 2009. Top federal regulators say they were taken aback when they learned that a California congresswoman who helped set up a meeting with bankers last year had family financial ties to a bank whose chief executive asked them for up to $50 million in special bailout funds.
  45. ↑ Margasak, Larry (September 16, 2009). "Ethics panel defers probe on Jesse Jackson Jr". Associated Press. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
  46. ↑ Richard Simon (August 6, 2012). "Maxine Waters: House ethics panel extends case of L.A. lawmaker". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  47. ↑ Lipton, Eric (July 31, 2010). "Ethics Inquiry on Waters Is Tied to OneUnited Bank". The New York Times.
  48. ↑ "Maxine Waters defends herself publicly on ethics charges". The Washington Post.
  49. ↑ "Rep. Maxine Waters Faces Three Charges". August 9, 2010.
  50. ↑ Lipton, Eric (July 30, 2010). "Ethics Trial Expected for California Congresswoman". The New York Times.
  51. ↑ Hederman, Rosaline (September 21, 2012). "Maxine Waters cleared of House ethics charges". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
  52. ↑ Romano, Ajo. "How Reclaiming my title went viral". Vox.com. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  53. ↑ Manchester, Julia. "Jewish GOP group calls on Dem lawmakers to resign over Farrakhan remarks". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  54. ↑ Lima, Cristiano. "Dems denounce Farrakhan rhetoric amid pressure from GOP". Politico. Capitol News Company. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  55. ↑ "Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
  56. ↑ Brian Montopoli, Maxine Waters: Why isn't Obama in black communities?, CBS News (August 11, 2011).
  57. ↑ Catalina Camia, Waters: Black lawmakers hesitant to criticize Obama, USA Today (August 18, 2011).
  58. ↑ Joseph Williams | Politico, Obama learns perils of roiling Waters, http://www.politico.com/story/2011/10/obama-learns-perils-of-roiling-waters-066418 , October 20, 2011.
  59. ↑ "Waters". The Political Guide.
  60. 1 2 "In Castro's Corner". The National Review. July 24, 2008. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012.
  61. ↑ West Savali, Kirsten (April 26, 2017). "Bigger Than Trump: One-on-One Exclusive With Rep. Maxine Waters". The Root.
  62. ↑ Muhammad, Jihad Hassan (May 6, 2013). "'A Song for Assata' the FBI hunts hip-hop's hero". The Dallas Weekly. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  63. ↑ presumably Maxine Waters (September 9, 1998). "Congresswoman Waters issues statement on U.S. Freedom Fighter Assata Shakur". World History Archives. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
  64. ↑ Max Greenwood, Maxine Waters: Trump is the most deplorable person I’ve ever met, The Hill (August 4, 2017).
  65. ↑ "Rep. Maxine Waters: Trump advisors with Russia ties are ..." MSNBC. February 21, 2017.
  66. ↑ Diaz, Daniella (February 6, 2017). "Waters: Trump 'leading himself' to impeachment". CNN.
  67. ↑ "WATCH: Maxine Waters Turns Comedian Dick Gregory's Eulogy into Anti-Trump Speech". September 20, 2017.
  68. ↑ Naomi Lim | Washington Examiner, Maxine Waters: Congress has enough evidence against Trump to 'be moving on impeachment' http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/maxine-waters-congress-has-enough-evidence-against-trump-to-be-moving-on-impeachment/article/2637386 , October 12, 2017
  69. ↑ Brandon Carter | The Hill, Maxine Waters to Trump: Blame for Charlottesville is on your side, not 'many', http://thehill.com/homenews/house/346405-maxine-waters-to-trump-blame-for-charlottesville-is-on-your-side-not-many , August 13, 2017
  70. ↑ Koman, Tess. "Maxine Waters Delivers Scathing SOTU Response: "Make No Mistake. Trump Is a Dangerous Racist"". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  71. ↑ Ruiz, Joe. "Trump again questions Rep. Waters' intelligence, says she's 'very low IQ'". CNN. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
  72. ↑ "Congresswoman Maxine Waters' Advice for President Trump: 'Please Resign'". Time.
  73. ↑ Ehrlich, Jamie (June 25, 2018). "Democratic congresswoman encourages supporters to harass Trump administration officials". CNN. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  74. ↑ Pramuk, Jacob (June 25, 2018). "Pelosi rebukes Democratic Rep. Maxine Waters for urging supporters to confront Trump administration officials". CNBC. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
  75. ↑ Sam Fulwood II, Rep. Waters Labels Bush 'a Racist,' Endorses Clinton, Los Angeles Times (July 9, 1992).
  76. ↑ "Aristide says U.S. deposed him in 'coup d'etat'". CNN. March 2, 2004. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  77. ↑ "Defying Washington: Haiti's Aristide Returns to the Caribbean", Pacifica Radio, March 15, 2004, archived from the original on January 19, 2011, retrieved July 1, 2011
  78. ↑ "Newsmaker profile – Sharon Hay Webster", Jamaica Gleaner, March 21, 2004, archived from the original on July 17, 2012, retrieved July 1, 2011
  79. ↑ "Aristide leaves Jamaica, heads for South Africa", CTV News Saskatoon, May 30, 2004, retrieved July 1, 2011
  80. ↑ "Stop Very Unscrupulous Loan Transfers from Underprivileged countries to Rich, Exploitive Funds Act (2008 – H.R. 6796)".
  81. ↑ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 455, H J RES 114 To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. October 10, 2002. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  82. ↑ "The Iraq War". October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  83. ↑ "War in Iraq". November 5, 2007. Archived from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
  84. ↑ "Cheney ouster gains backers". The Washington Times. June 13, 2007.
  85. ↑ Kenneth Meeks Back talk with Maxine Waters (Interview) Black Enterprise June 1, 2005
  86. ↑ Jenkins, Sally (August 22, 2011). "Maxine Waters to tea party: Go to Hell". The Washington Post.
  87. ↑ Epstein, Jennifer (Aug 22, 2011). "Rep. Maxine Waters: Tea party can go to hell". Politico.
  88. ↑ Murphy, Patricia. "Rep. Maxine Waters: Yank the NFL's Antitrust Exemption". Politics Daily.
  89. ↑ Hall, Carla (February 6, 1994). "Sidney Williams' Unusual Route to Ambassador Post : Appointments: His nomination has drawn some critics. But his biggest boost may come from his wife, Rep. Maxine Waters". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
  90. ↑ Company, Johnson Publishing (July 20, 1992). "Camille Cosby, Kathleen Battle Win Candace Awards". Jet. 82 (13): 16–17.
Articles
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Augustus Hawkins		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 29th congressional district
1991–1993		 Succeeded by
Henry Waxman
Preceded by
Jerry Lewis		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 35th congressional district
1993–2013		 Succeeded by
Gloria Negrete McLeod
Preceded by
Donald Payne		 Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus
1997–1999		 Succeeded by
Jim Clyburn
Preceded by
Joe Baca		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 43rd congressional district
2013–present		 Incumbent
Current U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Collin Peterson		 United States Representatives by seniority
26th		 Succeeded by
Sam Johnson
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