Mark Meadows (North Carolina politician)

Mark Meadows
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from North Carolina's 11th district
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Preceded by Heath Shuler
Personal details
Born Mark Randall Meadows
(1959-07-28) July 28, 1959
Verdun, France
Political party Republican
Spouse(s) Debbie Meadows
Education Florida State University
University of South Florida (BA)
Website House website

Mark Randall Meadows (born July 28, 1959) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 11th congressional district since January 2013. He is a member of the Republican Party and chair of the Freedom Caucus.

Early life, education, and business career

Meadows was born at a United States Army hospital in Verdun, France where his father was serving in the Army and his mother worked as a civilian nurse. His mother was from Sevierville, Tennessee, and his father from Pineville, Arkansas.

He grew up in Brandon, Florida and graduated from the University of South Florida in 1981 after briefly studying at Florida State University. During his collegiate years, Meadows joined Sigma Chi Fraternity.

In 1987, Meadows started "Aunt D's", a small restaurant in Highlands, North Carolina. He later sold it and used the proceeds to start a real estate development company in the Tampa, Florida area.[1]

While living in Highlands, Meadows served as chairman of the Republican Party in Macon County, and was a delegate to several state and national Republican conventions.[2]

Meadows previously served on North Carolina's Board for Economic Development in Western North Carolina.[3] In 2011 he moved to Glenville, North Carolina. In the summer of 2016, he sold his house and moved into an apartment in Biltmore Park, a mixed-use community in Asheville, NC, while deciding where to buy next in either Henderson or Buncombe counties.[4] He is currently the owner of Highlands Properties, which specializes in construction and land development.[5]

U.S. House of Representatives

2012 election

In late 2011, Meadows announced he was running for Congress in North Carolina's 11th congressional district, for the seat being vacated by Democratic incumbent Heath Shuler. The district had been significantly altered in redistricting. New lines were drawn straight through the middle of Warren Wilson College. Notably, it lost most of Asheville to the 10th district, while picking up some heavily Republican territory in the foothills. The old 11th had a slight Republican lean, but the new 11th was on paper the most Republican district in the state. In 2011, the North Carolina state legislature re-drew the congressional districts in 2011 based on updated population information from the 2010 census.[6] As a result, the district is now 91.2% White, 3.0% Black, 1.4% Native American and 1.0% Asian.[6] District 11 now includes the counties of Buncombe (Asheville), Clay, Cherokee, Graham, Haywood (Waynesville), Henderson (Hendersonville), Jackson (Sylva), Macon (Franklin), McDowell (Marion), Madison, Polk, Swain, Transylvania (Brevard) and Yancey (Burnsville).[7][Notes 1]

He won the Republican primary runoff, in July 2012,[8] and in the general election in November, faced the Democratic candidate, Hayden Rogers, who had been Shuler's chief of staff. During the campaign, on August 28, 2012, Meadows spoke at the 2012 Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida.[9] Meadows won the general election with approximately 57 percent of the vote[10] and took office, in January 2013.

Tenure

Meadows has signed the Contract from America, a list of ten policies assembled by the Tea Party movement.[11][12]

Meadows voted against relief for Hurricane Sandy[13] along with a group of other Republicans who cited pork barrel spending in the relief bill that had nothing to do with hurricane relief.[14]

Meadows introduced the Hezbollah International Financing Prevention Act of 2014, a bill that would impose sanctions on foreign financial institutions that facilitate transactions or money laundering on behalf of Hezbollah or its agents.[15] Hezbollah is designated a terrorist organization in the United States.[15] The bill passed in the House on July 22, 2014.[16] Meadows said that "we must pass this legislation to make sure that we can do is cripple their ability to finance and put people out of harm's way."[16]

On July 23, 2014, Meadows introduced the Federal Records Accountability Act of 2014, a bill that would change the record-keeping requirements about some types of communications to ensure that information is not lost.[17] The bill would make it easier to fire a person who willfully and unlawfully concealed, removed, mutilated, obliterated, falsified, or destroyed any record, book, or other thing in the custody of such employee.[18] It would also ban federal employees from using instant messaging for work purposes.[17]

Meadows served as Chair of the Subcommittee on Government Operations up until June 20, 2015, when fellow Republican congressman Jason Chaffetz removed him from the position. Rep. Chaffetz, a member of the House Republican leadership, removed Meadows due to Meadows' vote against a procedural motion presented by Republican leadership. Meadows was one of 34 Republicans that voted against the motion to allow for consideration of President Barack Obama's request for fast-track authority on trade agreements. Speaker John Boehner supported the measure, but many Republicans felt that the move gave too much power to Democrats and President Obama, specifically.[19] This action was seen as controversial with many prominent Republican politicians, including Texas Senator Ted Cruz, speaking out against the punishment.

On July 28, 2015, Meadows filed a motion to vacate the chair in order to force Speaker of the House John Boehner from his leadership position. The action was widely seen as an escalation of the feud between a faction of conservatives and the GOP leadership. Conservatives had long urged a coup against Mr. Boehner, who they viewed as too eager to make deals with Democrats and unwilling to go to the mat fighting for conservative principles.[20]

2013 Federal Government Shutdown

Meadows has been described as playing an important part of the United States federal government shutdown of 2013.[21][22][23] On August 21, 2013 Meadows wrote an open letter to House Speaker John Boehner and Majority Leader Eric Cantor encouraging them to "affirmatively de-fund the implementation and enforcement of Obamacare in any relevant appropriations bills brought to the House floor in the 113th Congress, including any continuing appropriations bill."[24][25] The document was signed by 79 of Meadows' colleagues in the House.[21][25] Heritage Action (which opened operations in North Carolina in January 2011[26]), ran critical Internet advertisements in the districts of 100 Republican lawmakers who failed to sign the letter by Meadows.[27] The letter has been described as being controversial within the Republican Party.[21][28]

The New York Daily News said Meadows put the federal government on the road to shutdown, saying calls to defund "Obamacare" through spending bills languished until Meadows wrote his letter.[23] Meadows downplayed his influence, saying "I'm one of 435 members and a very small part of this."[23] CNN described Meadows as the "architect of the brink" for his letter suggesting that "Obamacare" be defunded in any continuing appropriations bill.[21] Meadows said that was sensationalizing his role.[22]

John Ostendorff of the Asheville Citizen-Times wrote Meadows "said it's best to close the government in the short term to win a delay on 'Obamacare', despite the potential negative impact on the economy."[22] Ostendorff wrote that Meadows said he was doing what Tea Party members in Western North Carolina wanted him to do.[22] Meadows said his constituents wanted him to fight against "Obamacare" "regardless of consequences."[21] Jane Bilello, head of the Asheville Tea Party and political action committee said Meadows "truly represents us" on the issue of "Obamacare".[21] Meadows reportedly holds conference calls with members of the Asheville Tea Party, telling them what's going on in Congress, and about challenges he faces promoting their agenda.[21]

In public comments, Meadows stated he was working on a compromise that involved passing appropriations bills that would fund only parts of the government, such as a bill to fund the National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, National Gallery of Art, and United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and a bill to fund the National Institutes of Health. However, partial or "mini" funding bills were rejected by the Democratic majority in the United States Senate.[22]

Resolution to vote to remove Speaker Boehner

On July 28, 2015, Meadows filed a resolution[29] to vote on whether to remove John Boehner as Speaker of the House.[30] If the resolution were successful, the House would then vote to elect a replacement Speaker of the House.[30]

Because Meadows filed it as a nonprivileged resolution, it was sent to the House Committee on Rules for a vote first, rather than the House floor.[30] The Committee on Rules was considered to have many members who were loyal to Speaker Boehner, so the resolution was seen as unlikely as moving forward.[30]

Meadows said he filed the resolution because Speaker Boehner has "endeavored to consolidate power, bypassing the majority" of Congress; "through inaction, caused the power of Congress to atrophy," "uses the power of the office to punish Members who vote according to their conscience"; "has intentionally provided for voice votes on consequential and controversial legislation to be taken without notice and with few Members present"; "uses the legislative calendar to create crises for the American People"; allows members less than three days to review legislation before voting; and limits meaningful debate on the House floor.[29]

The resolution received support from Congressman Walter B. Jones, Jr.[31]

Boehner responded, "Listen, you have a member here and a member there who are off the reservation. No big deal ... Listen, this is one member. All right. I've got broad support amongst my colleagues. And frankly, it isn't even deserving of a vote."[32]

Despite this, on September 25 John Boehner announced his intention to resign as Speaker.[33] He officially resigned on October 31, 2015.[34]

In a Vanity Fair article, published October 30, 2017, Speaker Boehner said of Mark Meadows: "He's an idiot. I can't tell you what makes him tick."[35]

Staffing controversy and sexual harassment

Meadows' former chief of staff, Kenny West, resigned after female employees accused him of inappropriate behavior but remained on the House payroll in violation of House rules, according to an independent investigation by the House Ethics Committee. Meadows paid West $58,125 from April 2015 to August 2015 even though he was no longer working in Meadows' office, according to the Office of Congressional Ethics.

There is "substantial reason to believe that Representative Meadows retained an employee who did not perform duties commensurate with the compensation the employee received and certified that the compensation met applicable House standards, in violation of House rules and standards of conduct," the OCE report said.

In October 2014, a group of employees reported to the deputy chief of staff "they were uncomfortable with Mr. West's inappropriate behavior towards them," the OCE report said. Meadows asked the chief of staff of Rep. Trey Gowdy to interview the employees, and Meadows eventually limited or prohibit West's presence in Meadows' offices, the report said.[36]

As of January 2018, the ethics committee investigation was still open, with a former Meadows aide testifying to the House Ethics Committee that top staff, and perhaps even Meadows himself, were made aware of West's behavior far earlier than has been publicly reported, according to the Daily Beast. West denies he sexually harassed anyone.[37]

2016 Election

Congressman Meadows appeared with candidate Donald Trump on the campaign trail in Winston-Salem, North Carolina in July 2016 just after the Republican National Convention, leading the crowd in a chant, "Lock her up," the latest anti-Hillary Clinton refrain.[38]

2018 Election

Meadows continued to support Trump's agenda after the 2016 election, referring to Trump as a "conservative president" in 2017 [39] and suggesting Republicans that didn't support Trump should be removed from office.[40]

In January 2018, Meadows planned to travel to Davos, Switzerland, with a congressional delegation for the elite summit, the World Economic Forum, along with a White House delegation including Trump and cabinet members including Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, and Energy Secretary Rick Perry.[41]

Meadow's opponent in the general election will be Phillip Price, co-owner of a small lumber recycling business in McDowell County. Price, who defeated a doctor and a college assistant professor in the Democratic primary, attributed his win to "a lot of work," including "25,000 miles of driving in my truck." Price said his strategy will be "just being genuine, being real, showing that I actually am concerned about the issues that (voters) are concerned about, that they talk about around the dinner table every night." Meadows, he said, is instead spending his time attacking a Justice Department official supervising the special counsel investigating the Trump administration. "He hasn't spoken out negatively in any way whatsoever toward any of the administration's scandalous behavior and I'm more concerned about bringing better jobs with better paychecks to Western North Carolina," Price said.[42]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

Political positions

Abortion

Meadows is pro-life and has called abortion a 'tragedy'. He opposes any federal funding for abortion and believes parents should be notified of underage abortion procedures. He also opposes churches and other religious sites being forced to provide birth control options.[44]

Budget

Meadows is part of a group that has advocated for a balanced budget amendment to the United States Constitution. In addition he opposed the recent federal stimulus spending and has expressed desire for the federal spending growth rate to be capped at the inflation rate. He supports a moratorium on all earmarks until the budget has been balanced. Meadows opposes any cuts to military spending levels.[44]

Climate change

In December 2016, Meadows presented to Donald Trump a wish list of regulations that must be repealed. It included a demand to get rid of all federal funding to study climate change. He also requested Trump repeal several environmental regulations including the Renewable Fuel Standard, stop the prohibition of drilling oil on federal lands, and pull the US out of the Paris Climate Agreement.[45]

Civil rights

In February 2013, Meadows voted against renewing the Violence Against Women Act. Meadows has said he casts his votes based not on his personal feelings but on what the majority of his constituents in "God's Country" tell him to do.[46]

Energy

Meadows has stated that cap-and-trade emission policies are ineffective and have minimal impact on the global environment. He has proposed that the United States should tap into oil and gas reserves to keep energy prices low, and to develop energy independence. He supports tapping into off-shore oil and gas supplies.[44]

Gay marriage

Meadows opposes same-sex marriage. In March 2013 he stated that if the Supreme Court allowed gay marriage, it would cause a constitutional crisis if the Federal government decided to dismiss state decisions and thus infringe on state's rights.[47]

Gun control

Meadows opposes any restrictions on gun purchases and opposes a national gun registry that would list detailed information about firearm ownership.[44]

Healthcare

Meadows opposes the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), and states that it should be replaced by private enterprise.[44]

Meadows, who at the time had been in office for less than a year, wrote the letter which initially urged House Speaker John Boehner to shut down the government unless the ACA was defunded. He has been criticized by some constituents for being responsible for the government shutdown and has been labeled its "chief architect" by the Washington Post. His district in North Carolina lost up to $1 million per day during the shutdown from the national parks being closed.[48]

In January 2017, Meadows voted yes on a budget resolution that initiated the process of repealing Obamacare.[49]

On May 4, 2017, Meadows voted for the American Health Care Act (AHCA), which would partially repeal and replace Obamacare.[50]

However, after the CBO released numbers about the AHCA's effects on Americans on May 24, 2017, there were several reports that Meadow became emotional after reading about the AHCA's likely effects on those with pre-existing conditions.[51] Others reported he only cried after bringing up his family members who had dealt with pre-existing conditions, including his sister who had died of breast cancer, and his father who had died of lung cancer. Meadows said he wouldn't "make a political decision today that affects somebody's sister or father because I wouldn't do it to myself."[52] When asked about the CBO numbers by reporters, Meadows said the government should ensure people with pre-existing conditions can afford health care, saying, "The president is committed to making sure pre-existing conditions are covered in principle and in practice, which means that funding has to be there to make it work." He continued, "One of the critical things that we are going to make sure of is there is the appropriate funding to do that."[53]

Jobs

Meadows supports lowering corporate tax rates as a strategy to promote new employment and thus create more jobs. In addition he has called for free trade.[44]

Net neutrality

Meadows opposes regulations that require all internet providers provide internet at equal speeds to all parties. He delivered a list of regulations to repeal to Trump in 2016, which included net neutrality regulations by the Federal Communications Commission.[45]

Russia investigation

Meadows, a member of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, has been a harsh critic of Special Counsel Robert Mueller's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election. During Trump's presidency, Meadows regularly conferred with Trump about Mueller's probe.[54][55] Meadows has been described as a "Trump ally".[56] In May 2018, Meadows called for a financial audit of the Mueller investigation.[57]

In July 2018, along with Jim Jordan, Meadows called on the Department of Justice to "review allegations that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein threatened to subpoena phone records and documents from a House Intelligence Committee staffer". An aide termed the deputy AG's threats "downright chilling". In their written request, they wrote that in his use of investigative powers, Rosenstein retaliated "against rank-and-file staff members", therefore abusing his authority.[58] Furthermore, during a Fox News interview by Laura Ingraham that same month, he "threatened to force a vote on the GOP resolution" that would impeach the deputy AG. Arguing he could force the resolution to the floor as a "privileged motion", he elaborated: "we hope it doesn’t have to come to that". He had filed articles of impeachment against Rosenstein on July 25, although the measure cannot be "brought straight to the House floor".[59] Meadows' Democratic opponent in the general election, Phillip Price, condemned the impeachment resolution as an attempt to shut down the Justice Department’s investigation of Russian meddling into the 2016 election through “obstruction of justice.” [60]

Taxes

Meadows has signed the Taxpayer Protection Pledge, and he opposes a raise in all taxes, including the income tax. Meadows supports a flat-rate income tax for all income-earners, and a repeal of the raise in the capital gains tax. He also supports the elimination of the estate tax.[44]

Wages

Meadows presented a letter to Donald Trump in 2016 which demanded the repeal of the federal requirement that public works projects must pay laborers and mechanics the local prevailing wages, which was initially made to protect traveling black workers in the South from being paid far less than local workers. The letter also demanded the repeal of the overtime rule from the Obama administration, which said people making less than $47,000 a year must be paid for overtime hours, compared to the previous requirement that those making over $23,000 a year could be denied overtime pay if the worker's duties could be considered "managerial." The letter also demanded the end of regulations requiring federal contractors to be paid for sick leave.[45]

Notes

  1. ↑ District 10, with three counties, (Burke (Morganton), Mitchell and Rutherford) that border on District 11, also includes the counties of Avery, Caldwell, Catawba (Hickory and Newton), Cleveland (Shelby), Gaston (Gastonia) and Lincoln (Lincolnton).

References

  1. ↑ Parker, Brittney (October 18, 2012). "Candidate Profiles Continue as Election Looms: 11th Congressional District Seat; Mark Meadows". Macon County News. Franklin, NC. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015.
  2. ↑ "Election 2012: Winner U.S. Representative NC-11; Mark Meadows". Wall Street Journal. New York, NY. November 7, 2012.
  3. ↑ "Meadows Officially Enters Race for Shuler's Seat". BlueRidgeNow.com. Hendersonville, NC. February 12, 2012.
  4. ↑ "Mark Meadows has taken chances in rapid rise to power". Citizen Times. Retrieved 2017-10-13.
  5. ↑ Bowling, Caitlin (October 31, 2012). "Meadows Touts Rise as Self-Made Businessman". Smoky Mountain News. Waynesville, NC.
  6. 1 2 North Carolina's 11th congressional district: Race
  7. ↑ NC11 Map
  8. ↑ Parker, Brittney (19 July 2012). "Mark Meadows sweeps 11th congressional GOP run-off". The Macon County News. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  9. ↑ "Meadows back on with Tuesday slot at convention". Mossblog. Henderson Lightning. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  10. ↑ NC State Board of Elections
  11. ↑ "Contract from America". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  12. ↑ "Mark Meadows on Government Reform". On the Issues. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  13. ↑ Moss, Bill (7 January 2013). "Meadows votes no on Sandy relief". The Hendersonville Lightning. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  14. ↑ http://hotair.com/archives/2013/01/04/bloomberg-blame-pork-not-boehner-for-sandy-relief-delay/
  15. 1 2 "CBO - H.R. 4411". Congressional Budget Office. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  16. 1 2 Marcos, Cristina (22 July 2014). "House votes to toughen sanctions on Hezbollah". The Hill. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  17. 1 2 McElhatton, Jim (24 July 2014). "House federal records plan would prevent repeat of IRS email scandal". The Washington Times. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  18. ↑ "H.R. 5170 - Summary". United States Congress. 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  19. ↑ Sherman, Jake (20 June 2015). "Jason Chaffetz strips Meadows of subcommittee chairmanship". Politico. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  20. ↑ Miller, S.A.; Howell Jr., Tom (July 28, 2015). "John Boehner coup: Mark Meadows files motion to oust House Speaker". Politics. The Washington Times. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Caldwell, Leigh Ann (1 October 2013). "Architect of the brink: Meet the man behind the government shutdown". CNN. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Ostendorff, John (3 October 2013). "Meadows says constituents back his shutdown fight". Asheville Citizen-Times. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  23. 1 2 3 Straw, Joseph (September 30, 2013). "Tea Party-backed Rep. Mark Meadows put government on road to shutdown". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 8, 2013.
  24. ↑ Meadows, Mark (21 August 2013). "Letter to Boehner and Cantor" (PDF). Meadows.house.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  25. 1 2 "U.S. Rep. Mark Meadows Sends Letter to Boehner, Cantor Encouraging House Leadership to Defund Obamacare". High County Press. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  26. ↑ Rob Christensen (January 11, 2011). "Heritage Foundation sinks its roots in N.C." The News & Observer. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  27. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay; McIntyre, Mike (October 5, 2013). "A federal budget crisis months in the planning". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
  28. ↑ Omarzu, Tim (4 October 2013). "The letter behind the shutdown; GOP missive urges defunding of Obamacare". Times Free Press. Retrieved 8 October 2013.
  29. 1 2 Meadows, Mark (July 28, 2015). "Resolution Declaring the office of Speaker of the House vacant" (PDF). Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Neewhauser, Daniel (29 July 2015). "Mark Meadows Tries to Boot Boehner From Speakership". National Journal. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  31. ↑ Bresnahan, John (July 29, 2015). "John Boehner: Bid to boot him 'no big deal'". Politico. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  32. ↑ Fox, Lauren (July 29, 2015). "John Boehner's Not Giving Mark Meadows the Chance to Oust Him". National Journal. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  33. ↑ Shesgreen, Deirdre (September 26, 2015). "Amid revolt, Boehner steps aside to avoid 'irreparable harm' to Congress". USA Today. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
  34. ↑ Gomez, Harry (October 30, 2015). "John Boehner exits, John Kasich books Stephen Colbert: Ohio Politics Roundup". cleveland.com. Retrieved August 23, 2016.
  35. ↑ Nguyen, Tina (2017-10-30). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans". The Hive. Retrieved 2017-11-08.
  36. ↑ Troyan, Mary. "Ethics probe of Rep. Mark Meadows continues". USA Today. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  37. ↑ Stein, Sam. "Ex-Mark Meadows Aide Says Sexual Harassment in Congressman's Office Was Known Earlier Than Reported". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  38. ↑ – 'Post Politics At Donald Trump's North Carolina rally, the warm-up acts nearly upstaged the nominee (July 26, 2016)
  39. ↑ – 'Mark Meadows: 'Donald Trump is a conservative' (November 01, 2017)
  40. ↑ – 'Meadows: Time to 'eject' lawmakers who don't back Trump' (October 13, 2017)
  41. ↑ Perticone, Joe (2018-01-22). "The deal to end the government shutdown saved the congressional trip to an elite gathering in Davos, Switzerland". Archived from the original on January 24, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  42. ↑ Barrett, Mark (2018-05-08). "Democrats choose Price to run against Meadows, McHenry cruises". Retrieved August 1, 2018.
  43. ↑ "Members". Congressional Western Caucus. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Mark Meadows : (Republican, district 11)". On the Issues.
  45. 1 2 3 "House conservatives want Trump to undo regulations on climate, FDA, Uber". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  46. ↑ Jan, Tracy (2013-06-23). "Turning the political map into a partisan weapon". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  47. ↑ "Rep. Mark Meadows Warns Of 'Constitutional Crisis' If SCOTUS Rules For Gay Marriage". On Top. Mar 29, 2013.
  48. ↑ "Rep. Mark Meadows pushed for a shutdown. What did it bring his N.C. district? Frustration". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
  49. ↑ "HR 3: A budget resolution to begin the process of repealing the ACA". HealthReformVotes.org. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  50. ↑ Shorey, Gregor Aisch, Sarah Almukhtar, Wilson Andrews, Jeremy Bowers, Nate Cohn, K. k Rebecca Lai, Jasmine C. Lee, Alicia Parlapiano, Adam Pearce, Nadja Popovich, Kevin Quealy, Rachel; Singhvi, Anjali (2017-05-04). "How Every Member Voted on the House Health Care Bill". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  51. ↑ Staff, AOL. "GOP Rep. Mark Meadows reportedly teared up after reading Obamacare replacement bill analysis". AOL.com. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  52. ↑ "No, a NC congressman didn't cry about the health bill score". charlotteobserver. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  53. ↑ King, Robert. "Meadows floats more funding for repeal bill after CBO score". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  54. ↑ "GOP lawmakers to Trump: Make DOJ release Mueller documents". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  55. ↑ Rucker, Philip; Costa, Robert; Leonnig, Carol D.; Dawsey, Josh (2018-05-17). "'Bigger than Watergate': Trump joins push by allies to expose role of an FBI source". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  56. ↑ Birnbaum, Emily (2018-09-11). "Trump blasts FBI, DOJ over Strzok-Page 'Media Leak Strategy'". TheHill. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
  57. ↑ Delk, Josh (2018-05-10). "Freedom Caucus chairman wants financial audit of Mueller investigation". TheHill. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  58. ↑ Brufke, Julie Grace. "Freedom Caucus lawmakers call on DOJ to probe Rosenstein allegations". The Hill. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  59. ↑ Birnbaum, Emily. "Meadows threatens to force a vote on Rosenstein impeachment". The Hill. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
  60. ↑ Reports, Lightning. "Democrat rips Meadows' Rosenstein threat as 'obstruction of justice'". Hendersonville Lightning. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Heath Shuler		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from North Carolina's 11th congressional district
2013–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Jim Jordan		 Chairman of the Freedom Caucus
2017–present		 Incumbent
Current U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Sean Patrick Maloney		 United States Representatives by seniority
279th		 Succeeded by
Grace Meng
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