Kyrsten Sinema

Kyrsten Sinema
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arizona's 9th district
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Preceded by District established
Member of the Arizona Senate
from the 15th district
In office
January 10, 2011  January 3, 2012
Preceded by Ken Cheuvront
Succeeded by David Lujan
Member of the Arizona House of Representatives
from the 15th district
In office
January 10, 2005  January 10, 2011
Preceded by Wally Straughn
Ken Clark
Succeeded by Lela Alston
Katie Hobbs
Personal details
Born Kyrsten Lea Sinema
(1976-07-12) July 12, 1976
Tucson, Arizona, U.S.
Political party Democratic (2004–present)
Other political
affiliations
Independent (before 2004)
Education Brigham Young University (BA)
Arizona State University (MSW, JD, PhD)
Website House website

Kyrsten Lea Sinema (/ˈkɪərstən ˈsɪnəmə/; born July 12, 1976)[1] is an American activist and politician serving as the U.S. Representative for Arizona's 9th congressional district since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served in both chambers of the State Legislature, having been elected to the Arizona House of Representatives in 2004 and the Arizona Senate in 2010.

Sinema began her political career as a Green Party activist before joining the Democratic Party and becoming a state legislator.[2]

After her election to Congress, she shifted toward the political center, joining the conservative Democratic Blue Dog Coalition and the bipartisan Problem Solvers Caucus and amassing a center-left voting record.[3] Sinema has worked for the adoption of the DREAM Act and has campaigned against Propositions 107 and 102, two voter referendums to ban the recognition of same-sex marriage and civil unions in Arizona. She was the first openly bisexual person elected to the U.S. Congress.

Sinema is running in 2018 to replace Senator Jeff Flake, who declined to run for reelection. She won the Democratic nomination on August 28,[4] becoming the first openly bisexual person to win a major party nomination for a U.S. Senate seat.[5] If elected, she will be the first openly bisexual person elected to the U.S. Senate and the second openly LGBT person ever to serve in the Senate, after Tammy Baldwin.[6][7]

Early life, education and private career

Sinema was born in Tucson, Arizona, in 1976.[8] Her father was an attorney, and she had two siblings: an older brother and younger sister.[9] Her parents divorced when she was a child and her mother remarried. With her siblings, mother, and stepfather, Sinema moved to a small town in the Florida Panhandle.[9] When her stepfather lost his job and the bank foreclosed on their home, the family lived for three years in a remodeled gas station in Florida.[10] For two years “they had no toilet or electricity.” Sinema later recalled, "My stepdad built a bunk bed for me and my sister. We separated our bunk bed from the kitchen with one of those big chalkboards on rollers. I knew that was weird. A chalkboard shouldn't be a wall. A kitchen should have running water."[11] Sinema was raised as a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[12] According to The New York Times, Sinema has given "contradictory answers about her early life," and Sinema's mother and stepfather made monthly payments on gas, electricity, and phone bills, even though Sinema had said they did not have "running water or electricity." Asked whether she had embellished details from her childhood, Sinema said, "I've shared what I remember from my childhood. I know what I lived through."[13]

Sinema graduated as valedictorian from Walton High School at age 16 and went on to earn her B.A. from Brigham Young University in 1995 at age 18.[14][10] She left the Mormon Church after graduating from BYU.[12] Sinema received her Master of Social Work degree from Arizona State University in 1999. In 2004, she earned a J.D. degree from Arizona State University College of Law. In 2012, she earned a Ph.D. degree in Justice Studies, also from Arizona State.[10][15]

Sinema was a social worker from 1995 to 2002. In 2000, she worked on Ralph Nader's presidential campaign.[16] She also practiced law in the Washington Elementary School District.[17] She served as an adjunct Business Law Professor at Arizona Summit Law School, formerly known as Phoenix School of Law. Sinema became a criminal defense lawyer in 2005.[10][17] She has also been an adjunct instructor teaching Master's level policy and grant-writing classes at Arizona State University School of Social Work since 2003.[18]

In 2002 The Arizona Republic published a letter from Sinema criticizing capitalism. “Until the average American realizes that capitalism damages her livelihood while augmenting the livelihoods of the wealthy, the Almighty Dollar will continue to rule,” she wrote.[19]

On September 15, 2018, CNN reported that Sinema, as an antiwar activist in the years after 9/11, “led a group that distributed flyers depicting an American soldier as a skeleton inflicting 'U.S. terror' in Iraq and the Middle East.” The flyers “promoted a February 2003 rally organized by Local to Global Justice, an anti-war group Sinema co-founded.” Sinema was described in news reports as an organizer and sponsor of the rally and was “listed as the point of contact for the event.” One flyer referred to “Bush and his fascist, imperialist war,” saying, “Government is slavery,” and describing laws as “cobwebs for the rich and chains of steel for the poor.” CNN noted that such positions were “a contrast from the more moderate profile she has developed since her 2012 election to Congress.”[20]

Arizona State Legislature

Sinema walking up stairs and smiling to the camera
Sinema in 2009
Sinema in 2010

Elections

Sinema first ran for the Arizona House of Representatives in 2002, as an independent affiliated with the Arizona Green Party.[21] She finished in last place in a five-candidate field, receiving 8% of the vote.[22]

In 2004, Sinema won the Democratic primary for Arizona's 15th district, with 37% of the vote. David Lujan also won election with 34% (there are two seats in each district).[23] Sinema was subsequently reelected three times with over 30% of the vote.[24][25][26] In 2009 and 2010, Sinema was an assistant Minority Leader for the Democratic Caucus of the Arizona House of Representatives.[27]

In 2010, Sinema was elected to the Arizona Senate, defeating Republican Bob Thomas, 63% to 37%.[28]

Tenure

According to Elle, “her first public comment as an elected official came in 2005, after a Republican colleague's speech insulted LGBT people. 'We're simply people like everyone else who want and deserve respect," she passionately declared. Later, when reporters asked about her use of the first person, Sinema replied, 'Duh, I'm bisexual.'”[9]

In 2006, Sinema sponsored a bill urging the adoption of the DREAM Act.[29] Also in 2006 she co-chaired Arizona Together, the statewide campaign that defeated Proposition 107, which would have banned the recognition of same-sex marriage and civil unions in Arizona. (In 2008 a similar referendum, Proposition 102, passed.[30]) Speaking to a magazine in 2006, Sinema was asked about "new feminism," and responded, "'These women who act like staying at home, leeching off their husbands or boyfriends, and just cashing the checks is some sort of feminism because they're choosing to live that life. That's bullshit. I mean, what the fuck are we really talking about here?'"[31][32][33] After facing criticism, Sinema apologized and said the interview format was intended to be a "light-hearted spoof." "I was raised by a stay-at-home mom," she said. "So, she did a pretty good job with me."[34]

In 2008, Sinema led the campaign against Proposition 102, another referendum that would have banned the recognition of same-sex marriage in Arizona. Proposition 102 was approved with 56% of the vote in the general election on November 4, 2008. Sinema chaired a coalition called Protect Arizona's Freedom, which defeated Ward Connerly's goal to place an initiative on the state ballot that would eliminate equal-opportunity programs.[35]

In June 2009 Sinema was one of 32 state legislators appointed by President Barack Obama to the White House Health Reform Task Force, which helped shape the Affordable Care Act.[36] "Thanks in part to her hard work in improving the bill," Sinema was invited to attend the Obamacare bill signing at the White House in March 2010.[37]

In 2010, she sponsored a bill to give in-state tuition to veterans; it was held in committee and did not receive a vote.[38]

In 2010, Sinema was named one of Time magazine's "40 Under 40."[39] The Center for Inquiry presented Sinema its Award for the Advancement of Science and Reason in Public Policy in 2011.[40]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2012

In June 2011, Sinema said she was considering running for the U.S. House of Representatives in 2012. She lived in the same Phoenix neighborhood as incumbent Democratic congressman Ed Pastor, but was adamant that she would not challenge another Democrat in a primary.[41] On January 3, 2012, Sinema announced her bid for Congress, in the 9th congressional district.[42] The district had previously been the 5th, represented by freshman Republican David Schweikert; it contains 60% of the old 5th's territory.[43] Schweikert had been drawn into the 6th District—the old 3rd District—and sought reelection there.

Although Sinema was not required to resign her State Senate seat under Arizona's resign-to-run laws (since she was in the final year of her term), she did so on the same day that she announced her candidacy. On August 28, 2012, Sinema won the three-way Democratic primary with nearly 42% of the vote. Her opponents, state Senator David Schapira and former Arizona Democratic Party chairman Andrei Cherny, a former speechwriter in the Clinton administration, each finished with less than 30% of the vote.[10][44][45]

In the general election Sinema ran against Republican nominee Vernon Parker, the former mayor of Paradise Valley.[10] Sinema was endorsed by the Arizona Republic.[10] The campaign was described as a "nasty,"[46] "bitterly fought race that featured millions of dollars in attack ads."[47] Parker ran campaign ads that accused Sinema of being an "anti-American hippie" who practiced "Pagan rituals."[48] The Republican-aligned outside group American Future Fund spent hundreds of thousands of dollars on attack ads against Sinema.[49] When Sinema's religious views were raised as an issue, her campaign stated that she simply believes in a secular approach to government.[50]

The November 6 election was initially too close to call, because Arizona election authorities failed to count more than 25% of the votes on election day.[51] Sinema held a narrow lead over Parker, while provisional and absentee ballots were still being counted.[52][53] On November 12, when it was apparent that Sinema's lead was too large for Parker to overcome, the Associated Press called the race for Sinema.[54] Once all ballots were counted, Sinema won by 4.1 percentage points, over 10,000 votes. Libertarian Powell Gammill finished third with 6.64% of the votes.[55] When she took office on January 3, 2013, she became only the second Anglo Democrat to represent the Valley of the Sun in over three decades. The first, Harry Mitchell, occupied the seat Sinema now holds from 2007 to 2011.

2014

Sinema ran for reelection in 2014, and was unopposed in the Democratic primary, which took place on August 26, 2014. She faced Republican Wendy Rogers in the general election.[56][57]

According to Roll Call, Sinema billed herself as bipartisan. This was seen as a response to her district's voting pattern. It was drawn as a "fair-fight" district, and voted for President Barack Obama by just 4 points in 2012.[16] In September 2014, she was endorsed for reelection by the United States Chamber of Commerce, becoming one of five Democrats to be endorsed by the Chamber in the 2014 congressional election cycle.[58] She was reelected with approximately 55% of the vote, beating GOP nominee Wendy Rogers by 13 points.

2016

Unopposed in her primary, Sinema won the general election with 60.9% of the vote. Her opponent, Republican nominee Dave Giles, received 39%.

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

2018 U.S. Senate election

On September 28, 2017, Sinema officially announced her candidacy for the Class I United States Senate seat held by Republican incumbent Jeff Flake, who declined to seek reelection the next month.

In March 2018, Sinema donated to charity $33,800 in campaign contributions she had received from Ed Buck, a prominent Democratic donor who came under scrutiny after a homeless escort died of a drug overdose at his California home in 2017.[62] She had previously donated to charity $53,400 in campaign contributions from people with ties to Backpage, a website that was seized by the United States Department of Justice after it was accused of knowingly accepting ads for sex with underage girls.[63][64]

Federal Election Commission filings released in April 2018 showed Sinema had raised over $8.2 million, more than the three leading Republican primary contenders combined.[65]

During the 2018 campaign, Sinema refused to debate her competitor in the Democratic primary, Deedra Abboud, an attorney and community activist.[66] Sinema won the August Democratic primary for the Senate seat. Her Republican opponent in the general election is fellow Arizona U.S. Representative Martha McSally.[4][67]

She received the endorsement of the Human Rights Campaign.[68]

While Abboud said she would vote against the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, Sinema “said she wanted to delve deeper into Kavanaugh’s writings and interview him personally before deciding.” She said she was “running on the issues people care about most, including offering quality, affordable health care and promoting economic opportunity.”[69]

She said in the summer of 2018 that she would vote against Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.) for minority leader if elected to the U.S. Senate. “The Democratic leadership has failed Democrats across the country,” she said. “I am unafraid to say what I believe about what I think our party needs to do and I think our party needs to grow and change.”[70]

The New York Times wrote in September 2018 that Sinema is running "one of the most moderate-sounding and cautious Senate campaigns this year, keeping the media at arms-length and avoiding controversial issues." Her campaign is generally reluctant to bring up President Donald Trump.[13] According to the Times, both Republicans and Democrats have said that Sinema has "few major legislative accomplishments to her record" and is running "on a political image that she has shaped and reshaped over the years. And nothing is more central to it now than her childhood homelessness."[13]

Political positions

Sinema has been described as a centrist or moderate Democrat.[71] According to National Journal's 2013 Vote Ratings, her votes place her near the center of their liberal-conservative scale.[72] The National Journal gave her a composite ideology score of 57% liberal and 43% conservative.[73] According to the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy, Sinema was the sixth most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives during the first session of the 115th United States Congress.[74] She has cited U.S. Senator Joe Manchin, a Democrat from West Virginia, as a role model.[13]

In 2015 and 2016, she did not vote for Nancy Pelosi for Speaker of the House.[75] In 2015, she voted 73% with the majority of her own party.[76] The conservative group Americans for Prosperity gives Sinema a lifetime 27% rating and the conservative Goldwater Institute gave her a 35% in 2010 when she was a state legislator; the progressive Americans for Democratic Action gave her a 60% liberal quotient.[73] In 2017, she voted in line with President Donald Trump's position approximately half the time.[77] According to Five ThirtyEight, as of July 2018, Sinema voted in line with Trump's position on legislation 59.5% of the time.[78]

Sinema is a member of the Blue Dog Coalition[79] and the Problem Solvers Caucus.[16]

Abortion

Sinema supports abortion rights. She has been endorsed by EMILY's List.[80] She has a lifetime 100% rating from Planned Parenthood, which is pro-choice, and a 20% rating from the pro-life organization Campaign for Working Families as of 2018.[73]

Economics

Sinema has voted for federal stimulus spending.[80] She has said: "Raising taxes is more economically sound than cutting vital social services."[81]

In 2015, Sinema was one of just seven House Democrats to vote in favor of a Republican-backed bill to repeal the estate tax, which affects about 0.2% of deaths in the U.S. each year (estates of $5.43 million or more for individuals, or $10.86 million or more for couples).[82] That same year, she voted to change the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's leadership from a single director to a bipartisan commission.[83][84]

In 2016, with Republican congressman John Katko of New York, Sinema cosponsored the Working Parents Flexibility Act (H.R. 4699). This legislation would establish a tax-free "parental savings account" in which employers and parents could invest savings tax-free, with unused funds eligible to be "rolled into qualifying retirement, college savings or ABLE accounts for people with disabilities without tax penalties."[85]

Gay rights

According to a profile in The Advocate, "Sinema has her sights set on advancing LGBT rights."[86]

Foreign policy

While a law student at Arizona State University, Sinema organized pacifist protests, including against the Iraq War.[87] She also opposed the war in Afghanistan at the time.[88] She supported the Gulf War.[88] In 2006, she said she opposed "war in all its forms".[87] After joining Congress in 2012, Sinema said that her views on military force had evolved, and that "you should never take military intervention off the table. When you do so, you give an out to a rogue nation or rogue actors."[87] The Hill summarized her views on foreign policy as being in favor of "aggressive diplomacy, crippling sanctions to combat proliferation, and swift, multilateral intervention as a last resort".[87][89] She supports the use of military force to stop genocide, such as in Sudan, Somalia and Rwanda.[87] She wrote a doctoral dissertation on the Rwandan genocide that Lexington Books published in 2015.[90][91]

After the September 11 attacks on the United States, Sinema was involved in organizing a Phoenix-area group called the Arizona Alliance for Peaceful Justice (AAPJ). According to The Hill, "The group's mission statement at the time called military action 'an inappropriate response to terrorism' and advocated for using the legal system — not violence — to bring Osama bin Laden and others to justice." Sinema wrote: "As one of the core organizers against the war from day one (September 12, 2001), I have always and will always continue to oppose war in all its forms."[88]

Guns

Sinema favors gun control measures such as requiring background checks on gun sales between private citizens at gun shows, and requiring a license for gun possession.[92] In 2016 the National Rifle Association (NRA), which opposes gun regulations, gave Sinema a 29% rating.[73] The Gun Owners of America (GOA) have given her a "D" rating.[93]

Health care

Sinema voted against repealing the Affordable Care Act.[94] She has called for reforms to the law.[95] In a 2012 congressional campaign debate, she said the health care law wasn't perfect, and that in Congress she would work to amend it to make it work effectively.[96] Sinema voted to delay the imposition of fines on those who did not purchase insurance in 2014. She also voted to repeal the Medical Device Tax and for the Keep Your Health Plan Act of 2013.[97][98][99]

Speaking about healthcare policy, Sinema said, "I used to say that I wanted universal health-care coverage in Arizona, which went over like a ton of bricks. Turns out, Arizonans hear the word 'universal' and think 'socialism'—or 'pinko commie.' But when I say that I want all Arizonans to have access to affordable, quality health care, Arizonans agree wholeheartedly. Same basic idea, different language."[100]

Immigration

A woman in her thirties with fairly short blond hair, wearing sunglasses and a beige and pink top, is surrounded by a crowd.
State Representative Kyrsten Sinema attending a protest at the Arizona State Capitol on the day of the SB 1070's signing

Sinema co-sponsored the Southwest Border Security Threat Assessment Act (H.R. 4482), a bill that calls for border threat analysis of terrorism, smuggling, and human trafficking every five years.[101][102]

Sinema was one of 24 House Democrats to vote in favor of Kate's Law,[103] a bill that would expand maximum sentences for foreigners who attempt to reenter the country, legally or illegally, after having been deported, denied entry or removed, and for foreign felons who attempt to reenter the country.[104]

Sinema voted for the SAFE Act, which expanded the refugee screening process to require signatures from the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Director of National Intelligence for each refugee entering the country.[105][106]

Sinema opposed Arizona SB 1070. She has argued that mass deportation of undocumented immigrants is not an option and supported the DREAM Act. Her 2012 campaign website stated that "we need to create a tough but fair path to citizenship for undocumented workers that requires them to get right with the law by paying back taxes, paying a fine and learning English as a condition of gaining citizenship."[101] In July 2018, she broke with her party by voting with Republicans against abolishing ICE.[107]

Privacy

In June 2013, Sinema became one of 29 original cosponsors of the bipartisan LIBERT-E (Limiting Internet and Blanket Electronic Review of Telecommunications and Email) Act, along with Rep. Justin Amash. The legislation would limit the National Security Agency (NSA) to only collecting electronic information from subjects of an investigation.[108]

In July 2013, Sinema joined a bipartisan majority and voted against an amendment to a defense appropriations bill (offered by Amash) to prohibit the NSA from monitoring and recording details of U.S. citizens' telecommunications without a warrant.[109]

Telecommunications

In 2016, Sinema was one of just five House Democrats to vote for a Republican-backed bill barring the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from regulating broadband rates. Her vote broke from her party; other Democrats were strongly opposed to the measure, and President Obama said he would veto it if it passed.[110]

Personal life

Sinema married, and later divorced, her BYU classmate Blake Dain.[14]

On November 17, 2013, Sinema completed an Ironman Triathlon in a little more than 15 hours. Sinema was the second active member of Congress—behind Senator Jeff Merkley—to finish a long distance triathlon, and the first to complete an Ironman-branded race.[111] On December 25, 2013, Sinema summited Mount Kilimanjaro.[112]

Sinema is now the only openly non-theist or atheist member of Congress,[113][114] although she herself has rejected such labels.[50] She is also the first openly bisexual member of Congress.[7]

She has credited the government, her church, her teachers, and her family for helping her climb out of poverty.[115]

In January 2018, a New York man was arrested and charged with stalking Sinema.[116][117]

Electoral history

2002

Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District election, 2002
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Ken Clark 10,873 30.24%
Democratic Wally Straughn 8,109 22.55%
Republican Milton Wheat 7,163 19.92%
Republican William Wheat 6,868 19.10%
Independent Kyrsten Sinema 2,945 8.19%
Turnout 35,958

2004

Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District Democratic Primary election, 2004
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 3,475 36.94%
Democratic David Lujan 3,205 34.07%
Democratic Wally Straughn (incumbent) 2,726 28.98%
Turnout 9,406
Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District election, 2004
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic David Lujan 19,999 31.12
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 19,402 30.19
Republican Oksana Komarnyckyj 12,299 19.14
Republican Tara Roesler 12,565 19.55
Turnout 64,265

2006

Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District Democratic Primary election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema (incumbent) 3,590 42.31%
Democratic David Lujan (incumbent) 3,571 42.09%
Democratic Robert Young 1,323 15.59%
Turnout 8,484
Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District election, 2006
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic David Lujan (incumbent) 15,951 33.12%
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema (incumbent) 15,723 32.64%
Republican Robert Gear 7,689 15.96%
Republican William Wheat 7,305 15.17%
Libertarian Richard Buck 1,499 3.11%
Turnout 48,167

2008

Arizona's 15th House of Representatives District election, 2008
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic David Lujan (incumbent) 23,781 40.06%
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema (incumbent) 22,721 38.28%
Republican Ed Hedges 12,860 21.66%
Turnout 59,362

2010

Arizona's 15th Senate District election, 2010[118]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 18,013 62.82%
Republican Bob Thomas 10,663 37.18%
Turnout 28,676
Democratic hold Swing

2012

Arizona's 9th congressional district election, 2012
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 15,536 40.78%
Democratic David Schapira 11,419 29.97%
Democratic Andrei Cherny 11,146 29.25%
Turnout 38,101
Arizona's 9th congressional district election, 2012[119]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema 121,881 48.73%
Republican Vernon Parker 111,630 44.63%
Libertarian Powell E. Gammill 16,620 6.64%
Turnout 250,131
Democratic hold Swing

2014

Arizona’s 9th congressional district election, 2014[120]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema (Incumbent) 88,609 54.60
Republican Wendy Rogers 67,841 41.81
Libertarian Powell Gammill 5,612 3.46
Write-ins 211 0.13
Total votes 162,273 100
Democratic hold

2016

Arizona’s 9th congressional district election, 2016[121]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Kyrsten Sinema (Incumbent) 169,055 60.95
Republican Dave Giles 108,350 39.06
Total votes 277,405 100
Democratic hold

See also

References

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U.S. House of Representatives
New constituency Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Arizona's 9th congressional district

2013–present
Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by
Richard Carmona
Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Arizona
(Class 1)

2018
Most recent
Current U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Raul Ruiz
United States Representatives by seniority
291st
Succeeded by
Chris Stewart
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