Harris County, Georgia

Harris County, Georgia
County courthouse in Hamilton
Map of Georgia highlighting Harris County
Location in the U.S. state of Georgia
Map of the United States highlighting Georgia
Georgia's location in the U.S.
Founded December 14, 1827
Named for Charles Harris
Seat Hamilton
Largest city West Point
Area
 • Total 473 sq mi (1,225 km2)
 • Land 464 sq mi (1,202 km2)
 • Water 9.1 sq mi (24 km2), 1.9%
Population
 • (2010) 32,024
 • Density 69/sq mi (27/km2)
Congressional district 3rd
Time zone Eastern: UTC−5/−4
Website www.harriscountyga.gov

Harris County is a county located in the west-central portion of the U.S. state of Georgia; its western border is formed by the Chattahoochee River. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,024.[1] The county seat is Hamilton.[2] The largest city in the county is Pine Mountain, a resort town that is home to the world famous Callaway Gardens Resort and Franklin D. Roosevelt State Park (the largest state park in Georgia). Harris County was created on December 14, 1827, and named for Charles Harris, a Georgia judge and attorney.[3]

Harris County is part of the Columbus, GA-AL Metropolitan Statistical Area. In the antebellum era, it was considered part of the Black Belt in the southern United States, an upland area developed for cotton plantations in the 19th century before the American Civil War. Muscogee County, to the south, was more heavily developed for cotton.

History

The county was settled by European Americans largely after the federal government had forcibly removed the indigenous Creek people (Muscogee), who were relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River. In the antebellum era, parts of the county were developed for cotton plantations, the premier commodity crop. Planters imported numerous slaves from the Upper South through the domestic slave trade as workers.

The County Courthouse was designed by Edward Columbus Hosford of Georgia and completed in 1906.

By the late 19th century, there were 200 years of families with many interconnections among them; justice was nearly always meted out to kin. The mountain areas of the county had moonshiners in the late 19th and early 20th centuries; both whites and blacks took part in this.[4]

On January 22, 1912, a black woman and three black men were lynched in Hamilton, the county seat, allegedly for the murder of local white landowner Norman Hadley. He was described by journalist Karen Branan in her 2016 book about these events as a white "near penniless plowboy-playboy"[5] and "notorious predator of black women."[6]

Dusky Crutchfield was the first woman lynched in Georgia,[5] and the lynching case attracted attention of national northern newspapers.[7][8] Also murdered by the lynch mob were Eugene Harrington, Burrell Hardaway,[9] and Johnie Moore. (Note: There was confusion about names of victims at the time, and variations have been published.)[4]

The four had been taken in for questioning about Hadley's murder by Sheriff Marion Madison "Buddie" Hadley, but never arrested. Lynched as scapegoats by a white mob of 100 men, they were later shown to have been utterly innocent. As an example of the complex relationships in the town and county, Johnie Moore was a mixed-race cousin of the sheriff; Norman Hadley was the sheriff's nephew.[5][4][9]

The county is now part of the Columbus, Georgia, metropolitan area, which has become industrialized and developed a more varied economy. By per capita income, the county is the sixth-wealthiest in Georgia, and the wealthiest county in the state outside of Metro Atlanta.

Geography

View of Harris County on Pine Mountain

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 473 square miles (1,230 km2), of which 464 square miles (1,200 km2) are land and 9.1 square miles (24 km2) (1.9%) are covered by water.[10]

The majority of Harris County is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Lake Harding subbasin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin), with the exception of the county's southeastern border area, south of Ellerslie, which is located in the Middle Chattahoochee River-Walter F. George Lake subbasin of the same ACF River Basin.[11]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18305,105—
184013,933172.9%
185014,7215.7%
186013,736−6.7%
187013,284−3.3%
188015,75818.6%
189016,7976.6%
190018,0097.2%
191017,886−0.7%
192015,775−11.8%
193011,140−29.4%
194011,4282.6%
195011,265−1.4%
196011,167−0.9%
197011,5203.2%
198015,46434.2%
199017,78815.0%
200023,69533.2%
201032,02435.2%
Est. 201633,652[12]5.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
1790-1960[14] 1900-1990[15]
1990-2000[16] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 32,024 people, 11,823 households, and 9,268 families residing in the county.[17] The population density was 69.0 inhabitants per square mile (26.6/km2). There were 13,397 housing units at an average density of 28.9 per square mile (11.2/km2).[18] The racial makeup of the county was 79.3% white, 17.2% black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 0.7% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.7% of the population.[17] In terms of ancestry, 17.2% identified as having African ancestry; 13.5% were German, 13.4% were Irish, 11.5% were English, and 10.5% identified as having American ancestry.[19]

Of the 11,823 households, 35.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 21.6% were non-families, and 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age was 42.0 years.[17]

The median income for a household in the county was $67,018 and the median income for a family was $74,457. Males had a median income of $49,844 versus $37,103 for females. The per capita income for the county was $31,073. About 6.0% of families and 9.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.3% of those under age 18 and 10.5% of those age 65 or over.[20]

Communities

Cities

Towns

Unincorporated communities

Politics

Presidential elections results
Previous presidential elections results[21]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 72.3% 11,936 24.8% 4,086 2.9% 480
2012 72.1% 11,197 26.7% 4,145 1.2% 179
2008 71.3% 10,648 28.0% 4,184 0.8% 113
2004 71.8% 8,878 27.5% 3,400 0.7% 84
2000 64.9% 5,554 34.0% 2,912 1.1% 96
1996 53.7% 3,829 39.0% 2,779 7.3% 523
1992 47.6% 3,316 38.5% 2,679 13.9% 965
1988 63.9% 3,414 35.7% 1,905 0.4% 20
1984 60.0% 3,138 40.1% 2,096
1980 40.5% 2,001 56.8% 2,807 2.7% 134
1976 35.1% 1,544 65.0% 2,861
1972 78.9% 2,617 21.1% 701
1968 25.9% 1,021 27.2% 1072 46.9% 1,851
1964 69.7% 2,166 30.3% 940
1960 35.1% 735 65.0% 1,362
1956 29.8% 563 70.2% 1,327
1952 28.4% 544 71.6% 1,374
1948 20.9% 238 66.8% 759 12.3% 140
1944 8.1% 79 91.9% 893
1940 7.2% 71 92.0% 914 0.8% 8
1936 5.4% 54 94.5% 953 0.1% 1
1932 2.4% 21 97.3% 851 0.3% 3
1928 20.7% 144 79.3% 551
1924 3.9% 20 88.4% 457 7.7% 40
1920 2.2% 9 97.8% 398
1916 5.1% 31 91.1% 550 3.8% 23
1912 4.5% 28 94.8% 585 0.7% 4

Education

The Harris County School District holds preschool to grade 12, and consists of four elementary schools, an intermediate school, a middle school, and a high school.[22] The district headquarters is located in Hamilton, and has 274 full-time teachers and over 4,411 students spread out over seven schools.[23]

  • Mulberry Creek Elementary School (Cataula)
  • New Mountain Hill Elementary School (Fortson)
  • Park Elementary School (Hamilton)
  • Pine Ridge Elementary School (Ellerslie)
  • Creekside Intermediate School (grades 5-6) (Cataula)
  • Harris County Carver Middle School (Hamilton)
  • Harris County High School (Hamilton)

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2014.
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 150.
  4. 1 2 3 Karen Branan, The Family Tree: A Lynching in Georgia, a Legacy of Secrets, and My Search for the Truth, Atria Books, 2016
  5. 1 2 3 Jeff Calder, " 'Family Tree’ unpacks mystery of a 1912 Georgia lynching", Books & Literature, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 9 January 2016, accessed 6 April 2016
  6. ↑ Karen Branan, "Getting to the Roots of My Family Tree", Coming to the Table, 2014, accessed 6 April 2016
  7. ↑ "Woman and 3 Men Lynched by Mob", Chicago Daily Tribune, 23 January 1912, accessed 6 April 2016
  8. ↑ "Three Colored Men and Woman Lynched", VALLEY SENTINEL, (Carlisle, Pennsylvania), January 26, 1912, accessed 6 April 2016
  9. 1 2 "Burrell Hardaway", Georgia Lynching Project Circa 1875-1930, Project of Emory University, 2016, accessed 6 April 2016
  10. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  11. ↑ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
  12. ↑ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  14. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
  17. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  18. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  19. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  20. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
  21. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-20.
  22. ↑ Georgia Board of Education, Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  23. ↑ School Stats, Retrieved June 19, 2010.

Coordinates: 32°44′N 84°55′W / 32.74°N 84.91°W / 32.74; -84.91

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