U+901A, 通
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-901A

[U+9019]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+901B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 162, +7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜弓戈月 (YNIB), four-corner 37302, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1258, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38892
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3845, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+901A

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*l̥ʰoːŋ
*l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
*l̥ʰoːŋ
*l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
*l̥ʰoːŋʔ
*l̥ʰoːŋs
*l'oːŋ
*ljoŋs
*l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
*ɦljoŋ
*ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋʔ
*loŋ
*loŋs
*loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l̥ʰoːŋ) : semantic  + phonetic  (OC *loŋʔ).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • tòng and tòngr - Mainland standard for classifier for actions;
  • tōng - other senses.
Note:
  • tĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • tŭng - literary.
Note:
  • thang - vernacular;
  • thong - literary.
Note:
  • tang1 - vernacular;
  • tong1 - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (6)
Final () (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tʰuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʰuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/tʰuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/tʰəwŋ/
Li
Rong
/tʰuŋ/
Wang
Li
/tʰuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tʰuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
tōng
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
tōng
Middle
Chinese
‹ thuwng ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ˁoŋ/
English penetrate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15428
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ʰoːŋ/

Definitions

  1. to pass through; to travel through; to go through; or, to allow passage
    心粉   tōngxīnfěn   macaroni (lit. "pass-through heart pasta")
       tōngdào   passageway; thoroughfare
    / [Cantonese]   gong2 m4 tung1 [Jyutping]   unable to have someone understand what one is talking about (lit. "unable to talk through")
  2. (telephony) to get through
  3. Classifier for phone calls, talks, criticisms, etc.
  4. Classifier for actions.
  5. to make sense; logical
  6. expert
  7. (of Chinese characters) to be etymologically related to and carry a similar meaning to
    …… / ……   ...... tōng “guó”   … is the same as ""
  8. (Min Nan) can; may

Synonyms

  • (telephony: to get through): ()

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. pass through

Readings

Compounds

Counter

(hiragana つう, rōmaji -tsū)

  1. documents
     (しょう) (しょ) (いっ) (つう)
    shōsho ittsū
    one certificate

Noun

(hiragana つう, rōmaji tsū)

  1. authority, expert, connoisseur
     () () (つう)
    shinatsū
    China hand

Proper noun

(hiragana とおる, rōmaji Tōru)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

(tong) (hangeul , revised tong, McCuneReischauer t'ong, Yale thong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(thông, thong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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