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U+3064, つ
HIRAGANA LETTER TU

[U+3063]
Hiragana
[U+3065]

Japanese

Stroke order

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝ]
  • (file)

Etymology 1

Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji in the cursive sōsho style.

Syllable

(romaji tsu)

  1. The hiragana syllable (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is (ta-gyō u-dan, row ta, section u).
See also

Etymology 2

⟨tu⟩/t͡su/

From Old Japanese. According one theory, shortened from  () (<utu> → utsu, throw away, discard).

Suffix

(rōmaji -tsu)

  1. (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates the completion of an action
  2. (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates certainty
  3. (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates affirmation
  4. (Classical Japanese, jodōshi, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Conjugation
Usage notes
  • 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation). Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of a verb.
  • (tsu) is mainly used with transitive verbs while (nu) is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

⟨tu⟩/t͡su/

From Old Japanese.

There were some variants found in the old documents, start with alveolar consonants like (no), (na), (su), (shi), (te) etc.[1]

Yamada (1913) proposed that it's cognate with Old Korean (-s) (whence Middle Korean (-s)). [2]

Particle

(rōmaji tsu)

  1. (archaic, obsolete) genitive case marker
     (とよ) (あし) (はらの) (なかつ) (くに)
    Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
    Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
     (あま) (かぜ)
    ama tsu kaze
    wind blowing from the heavens
Usage notes

A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the case-marker tsu:

See also

Etymology 4

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

Counter

(rōmaji -tsu)

  1. suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
    Synonym: (-ko)
Derived terms
Japanese number-counter combinations for (tsu)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 How many?
 (ひと) (hitotsu)  (ふた) (futatsu)  (みっ) (mittsu)  (よっ) (yottsu)  (いつ) (itsutsu)  (むっ) (muttsu)  (なな) (nanatsu)  (やっ) (yattsu)  (ここの) (kokonotsu)  (いく) (ikutsu)

See also

Etymology 5

Noun

(rōmaji tsu)

  1. : harbor, port; ferry

Proper noun

(rōmaji Tsu)

  1. : a place name
  2. : a surname

Etymology 6

Noun

(rōmaji tsu)

  1. : saliva, spit

Etymology 7

Probably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.

Symbol

  1. (Internet slang) Representing a hand handing something over.
See also


References

  1. Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999), “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40
  2. Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史
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