申

See also: 田, 甲, 由, and 𢑚
申 U+7533, 申
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 甲
[U+7532] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甴 →
[U+7534]

🈸 U+1F238, 🈸
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 🈷
[U+1F237] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈹 →
[U+1F239]

Translingual

Han character

申 (radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 758, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2526, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7533

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 申
variant forms 𢑚
𦥔
伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 申
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

Etymology
“to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”
From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).
“Shanghai”
From 春申江, an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • sin - literary;
  • chhun - vernacular.
Rime
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 失人切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕin/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭĕn/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shēn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syin ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥i[n]/
English 9th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
No. 11235
Phonetic
component		 申
Rime
group		 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 申
Old
Chinese		 /*hlin/
Notes 甲金文象閃電，
後轉註爲電字

Definitions

申

  1. † Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
  2. † Original form of 神 (shén, “lightning”).
  3. to extend; to stretch
  4. to state; to explain
  5. to request; to report
  6. to announce; to express
  7. † again; repeatedly
  8. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
    1. monkey of the Chinese zodiac
    2. 3 to 5 p.m.
    3. seventh month of the Chinese calendar
  9. (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
  10. Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
  11. A surname​.

Coordinate terms

Compounds
  • 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
  • 伊留申
  • 守庚申
  • 引申 (yǐnshēn)
  • 引申義／引申义 (yǐnshēnyì)
  • 按鈴申告／按铃申告
  • 擊鼓申冤／击鼓申冤
  • 春申君
  • 春申江
  • 昭冤申枉
  • 熊經鳥申／熊经鸟申
  • 生申令日
  • 甲申之役
  • 申令 (shēnlìng)
  • 申冤 (shēnyuān)
  • 申叔
  • 申告 (shēngào)
  • 申報／申报 (shēnbào)

Japanese

Kanji
申

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (humble) to speak
  2. the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
申
さる
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

From 猿 (saru, “monkey”)

Pronunciation

Proper noun

申 (hiragana さる, rōmaji Saru)

  1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
申
しん
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 申 (syin)

Proper noun

申 (hiragana しん, rōmaji Shin)

  1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

申 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised shin, McCune–Reischauer shin, Yale shin)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

申 (thân)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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