念

See also: 唸
念 U+5FF5, 念
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5FF5
← 忴
[U+5FF4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 忶 →
[U+5FF6]

Translingual

Han character

念 (radical 61, 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 80332, composition ⿱今心)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 378, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2274, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5FF5

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 念
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Etymology
trad. 念
simp. # 念

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njam. Cognate with Tibetan ཉམ (nyam), ཉམས (nyams, “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ (snyam, “to think, to feel”) (Quan, 1996). Related to 恁 (OC *njɯm, *njɯmʔ, “to think, to miss”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • niam6 - Shantou;
  • liêm6 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: nyi (T3); nye (T3)
      • IPA (key): /n̠ʲi²³/, /n̠ʲe̞²³/
Rime
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 奴店切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nemH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nemH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /nɛmH/
Li
Rong		 /nemH/
Wang
Li		 /niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 niàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*nˁim-s/
English think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 念
Reading # 1/1
No. 6588
Phonetic
component		 今
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 念
Old
Chinese		 /*nɯːms/
Notes 或以心含會意

Definitions

念

  1. to miss; to long for; to think of; to recall
  2. to consider; to contemplate
  3. Alternative form of 廿 (niàn, “twenty”).
  4. to worry; to be anxious about
  5. to feel compassion for; to pity
  6. to show tender affection for
  7. to commemorate; to memorialise; to pay tribute to
  8. idea; thought
  9. (Buddhism) memory
  10. A surname​.

Pronunciation 2
trad. 念/唸
simp. 念
Note:
  • niam7 - Shantou;
  • liêm7 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: nyi (T3); nye (T3)
      • IPA (key): /n̠ʲi²³/, /n̠ʲe̞²³/

Definitions

念

  1. to read aloud; to chant
  2. to study; to learn

Compounds
Derived terms from 念

References

Japanese

Kanji
念

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Noun

念 (hiragana ねん, rōmaji nen)

  1. sense
  2. feeling

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

念 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

念 (niệm, niềm, núm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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