See also:
U+9837, 頷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9837

[U+9836]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9838]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 181, +7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人口一月金 (ORMBC) or X人口一月 (XORMB), four-corner 81686, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1405, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43512
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1922, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4375, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+9837

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰl'uːm
*l̥ʰuːmʔ
*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm
*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːm
*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*ɡɯːms
*qɯːm, *qaːb
*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
*krɯːm
*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*ɡram
*ɡram
*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
*nɯːms
*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
*sɢrɯm
*sɡrɯm
*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
*sɡrɯm
*ɡjɯms
*krɯm
*krɯm
*krɯm
*kʰrɯm
*kʰrɯmʔ
*kʰrɯms
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯm
*ɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
*ŋɡrɯm
*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
*qrɯm
*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
*qrɯms
*qrɯms
*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) : phonetic  (OC *ɡɯːm) + semantic  (head).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (jaw; chin; molar) (STEDT).

Bodman (1980) considers it to be the endoactive of (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ngâm - “chin”;
  • ngám - “to nod”.
Note:
  • ām/ǎm - vernacular (“neck”);
  • hām/hǎm - literary (other senses).
Note:
  • am6 - vernacular (“neck”);
  • ham5 - literary (other senses).

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (33) (33)
Final () (159) (159)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦʌm/ /ɦʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəm/ /ɦəmX/
Li
Rong
/ɣᴀm/ /ɣᴀmX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɒm/ /ɣɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣăm/ /ɣămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hán hàn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hàn
Middle
Chinese
‹ homX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ˁ[ə]mʔ/
English jaw, chin

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6562 6568
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡɯːm/ /*ɡɯːmʔ/

Definitions

  1. chin; jowl
  2. to nod
    /    hànshǒu   to nod
  3. (Min Nan) neck
  4. A surname.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 下巴 (“chin”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 下巴, 下頦, 下頜, 下頷
Mandarin Beijing 下巴頦兒, 下巴
Taiwan 下巴
Harbin 下巴頦兒, 下巴
Hailar 下巴頦子
Ulanhot 下巴頦子
Tongliao 下巴頦子
Chifeng 下巴
Bayanhot 下巴
Jinan 下巴頦兒, 下巴頦子, 下巴
Muping 牙幫頦兒, 牙幫
Luoyang 下巴兒, 下巴頦兒
Wanrong 下巴子
Xi'an 下巴兒, 下巴子, 下巴
Xining 下巴
Xuzhou 下嘴巴子, 下巴頦兒, 下巴頦子
Yinchuan 下巴子
Lanzhou 下巴子
Ürümqi 下巴頦兒, 下巴
Wuhan 下巴
Chengdu 下巴兒, 下巴
Guiyang 下巴
Guilin 下巴
Liuzhou 下巴
Yangzhou 下巴頦子, 下巴鼓子, 下巴
Nanjing 下巴頦, 下巴
Hefei 下頦子, 下巴頦子, 下巴頦
Nantong 下巴頦兒
Cantonese Guangzhou 下巴
Hong Kong 下巴
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 下巴
Shunde 下巴
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 下巴
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 下巴
Taishan 下巴
Kaiping (Chikan) 下巴
Dongguan 下巴
Shaoguan 下巴
Yunfu 下巴
Yangjiang 下巴
Lianjiang 頷突, 下巴
Nanning 下巴
Wuzhou 下巴
Yulin 下巴
Hepu 下巴
Kuala Lumpur 下巴
Gan Nanchang 下巴
Lichuan 下腮角, 下腮
Pingxiang 下頜, 下牙鉸
Hakka Meixian 嘴頷, 下頷
Xingning 下頷
Huidong (Daling) 下頷, 下巴
Qujiang 下巴
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 下頷
Luchuan 合巴
Changting 下頷, 下巴
Pingyu 下頷
Wuping 下嘴頷
Liancheng 下瘩
Ninghua 下瘩
Yudu 下牙巴, 牙交
Ruijin 下巴
Shicheng 下瘩, 下缽
Shangyou 下牙窖
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 下頷, 下胲
Liudui (S. Sixian) 下嘴頷, 下頷, 下胲
Hsinchu (Hailu) 下頷, 下胲
Dongshi (Dabu) 下頷
Hsinchu (Raoping) 下頷, 下胲
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 下頷, 下頜
Hong Kong 胲頷下
Sabah 下巴, 下頷
Senai 下巴
Singkawang 下頷, 嘴頷
Huizhou Jixi 下巴
Jin Taiyuan 下巴頦子, 下巴
Xinzhou 下脖子, 下頦子
Baochang 下巴
Jining 下頦
Hohhot 下頦子
Baotou 下頦
Dongsheng 下巴頦兒
Linhe 下頦子
Haibowan 下巴
Min Bei Jian'ou 下巴
Min Dong Fuzhou 下頦, 下巴
Fuqing 下巴
Matsu 下頦
Min Nan Xiamen 下頦, 下斗, 喙下斗, 下𦜆, 下顎
Quanzhou 下頦, 下斗, 喙下斗, 下頷, 下顎
Zhangzhou 下頦, 下斗, 喙下斗, 下𦜆, 下顎
Taipei 下頦
Kaohsiung 下頦
Tainan 喙下斗, 下頦
Taichung 下頦, 下斗
Wuqi 下頦
Hsinchu 下頦
Taitung 下頦
Lukang 下頦
Sanxia 下顎
Yilan 下頦
Kinmen 下頦, 下顎
Magong 下頦, 喙斗, 下顎
Penang 喙下斗
Singapore 下斗
Pingnan 下巴
Chaozhou 下頦
Shantou 下頦
Johor Bahru 下頦
Haikou , 顎頭, 下巴
Leizhou
Pinghua Nanning 下巴
Guilin 下巴
Wu Shanghai 下巴, 地角
Suzhou 下巴
Hangzhou 下巴
Wenzhou 下巴
Chongming 下巴, 下巴殼子
Danyang 頦巴
Jinhua 下巴
Ningbo 下巴
Xiang Changsha 下巴, 下頦
Shuangfeng 下力頦, 下頦
Loudi 下頜
Quanzhou 下巴
Dialectal synonyms of 脖子 (“neck”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , 頸項,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頸項, 頸部
Mandarin Beijing 脖子
Taiwan 脖子
Harbin 脖子
Shenyang 脖子
Hailar 脖子
Ulanhot 脖子
Tongliao 脖子
Chifeng 脖子
Bayanhot 脖子, 脖頸
Jinan 脖子
Muping 脖子
Luoyang 脖子
Wanrong 脖項, 脖子
Xi'an 脖項, 脖子
Qingdao 脖頸子
Zhengzhou 脖子
Xining 脖板, 脖脖
Xuzhou 脖頸子, 脖了頸子
Yinchuan 脖子
Lanzhou 脖子
Ürümqi 脖子
Wuhan 頸子, 頸框
Chengdu 頸項, 脖子, 頸子
Guiyang 脖頸
Liuzhou 頸脖
Kunming 脖子
Yangzhou 頸項, 頸亢
Nanjing 頸子, 脖子
Hefei 腦頸把子
Nantong 頸項, 頸亢
Cantonese Guangzhou
Hong Kong
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
Foshan
Shunde
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)
Taishan
Kaiping (Chikan)
Dongguan
Shaoguan
Yunfu
Yangjiang , 頸柄
Xinyi
Lianjiang
Danzhou
Kuala Lumpur
Gan Nanchang
Lichuan
Pingxiang 頸牯
Hakka Meixian 頸根
Xingning
Huidong (Daling)
Qujiang
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
Changting
Pingyu 頸根
Wuping 頸根
Liancheng 頸骨
Ninghua
Yudu
Ruijin
Shicheng
Shangyou 頸根
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頸根
Liudui (S. Sixian) 頸根
Hsinchu (Hailu) 頸根
Dongshi (Dabu) 頸根
Hsinchu (Raoping) 頸根
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong
Sabah
Senai
Singkawang , 頸根
Huizhou Jixi 扣頸, 脰頸
Shexian 頭頸, 項頸
Tunxi 頭頸
Jin Taiyuan 脖子
Xinzhou 脖子
Baochang 脖子
Jining 脖頸
Hohhot 脖子
Baotou 脖頸
Dongsheng 脖子
Linhe 脖頸
Haibowan 脖頸
Min Bei Jian'ou , 仲仲
Min Dong Fuzhou 脰骨
Changle 脰骨
Fuqing 脰脖筋, 脰脖株
Yongtai 脰骨
Gutian 脰穩
Fu'an 脰穩
Ningde 脰穩
Shouning 脰領
Zhouning 脰引
Fuding 脰穩
Matsu 脰脖
Min Nan Xiamen 頷頸, 脰項
Quanzhou 頷胿
Zhangzhou 頷頸, 頷仔, 頷捘
Taipei 頷頸仔
Kaohsiung 頷頸
Tainan 頷胿, 頷頸仔, 頷仔頸
Taichung 頷仔頸
Wuqi 頷頸
Hsinchu 頷頸
Taitung 頷頸仔
Lukang 頷頸
Sanxia 頷頸
Yilan 頷頸, 頷頸仔
Kinmen 頷頸
Magong 頷頸
Penang 頷仔頸, 頷頸
Philippines (Manila) 頷胿
Chaozhou
Shantou
Haifeng
Johor Bahru
Wenchang , 脰蒂根
Haikou 脰蒂,
Leizhou
Puxian Min Putian 脰顱
Xianyou 脰顱
Pinghua Nanning
Wu Shanghai 頭頸, 頭頸骨
Suzhou 頭頸
Hangzhou 脰頸, 脖子
Wenzhou 頭頸
Chongming 頸骨
Danyang 頸梗
Jinhua 項頸
Tangxi 頭頸
Ningbo 頭頸骨, 頭頸
Xiang Changsha 頸根, 頸箍
Shuangfeng 頸殼
Xiangtan 頸筋
Loudi 頸殼, 頸筋

Compounds

  • 下頷下颔 (xiàhàn)
  • 吊頷吊颔
  • 咽頷咽颔
  • 大頷胿大颔胿
  • 探龍頷探龙颔
  • 燕頷燕颔
  • 燕頷儒生燕颔儒生
  • 燕頷書生燕颔书生
  • 燕頷虎頭燕颔虎头
  • 燕頷虎頸燕颔虎颈
  • 燕頷虎鬚燕颔虎须 (yànhànhǔxū)
  • 燕頷虯鬚燕颔虬须
  • 笑頷笑颔
  • 腫頷肿颔
  • 虎頭燕頷虎头燕颔
  • 豐頷丰颔
  • 長頷鹿长颔鹿
  • 霜顱雪頷霜颅雪颔
  • 靛頷靛颔
  • 面頷面颔
  • 頓頷顿颔

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(am) (hangeul )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(hạm, ham, hàm, hợm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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