呵

See also: 訶

呵	U+5475, 呵 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5475

← 呴
[U+5474]

CJK Unified Ideographs

呶 →
[U+5476]

Translingual

Han character

呵 (radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓口 (RMNR), four-corner 6102₀, composition ⿰口可)

Derived characters

𦱕, 𭊀

References

KangXi: page 183, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3459
Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 598, character 10
Unihan data for U+5475

Chinese

simp. and trad.		呵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
砢	*ɡ·raːlʔ
柯	*kaːl
菏	kaːl, ɡaːl
牁	*kaːl
滒	*kaːl
哥	*kaːl
歌	*kaːl
謌	*kaːl
鴚	*kaːl
哿	*kaːlʔ
舸	*kaːlʔ
笴	kaːlʔ, kaːnʔ
軻	kʰaːl, kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂	*kʰaːl
可	*kʰaːlʔ
岢	*kʰaːlʔ
坷	kʰaːlʔ, kʰaːls
蚵	kʰaːls, ɡaːl
呵	qʰaːl, qʰaːls
訶	*qʰaːl
抲	*qʰaːl
荷	qʰaːls, ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何	ɡaːl, ɡaːlʔ
河	*ɡaːl
苛	*ɡaːl
魺	*ɡaːl
袔	*ɡaːls
阿	*qaːl
妸	qaːl, qaːlʔ
疴	qaːl, kʰraːls
鈳	*qaːl
娿	qaːl, qaːlʔ
痾	*qaːl
跒	*kʰraːlʔ
閜	*qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls) : semantic 口 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hē, ō (he¹, o¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ, ㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹, ho²
Min Dong (BUC): ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
Min Nan (POJ): ho / o
Wu (Wiktionary): hu (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hē
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
  - Wade–Giles: ho¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan standard for the exclamation sense)⁺
  - Pinyin: ō
  - Zhuyin: ㄛ
  - Wade–Giles: o¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: o
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀ̯ɔ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho¹, ho²
  - Yale: hō, hó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹, ho²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho¹, ho²
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/, /hɔː³⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ŏ̤ / hŏ̤
  - IPA ^(key): /o⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/

Note:

ŏ̤ - literary;
hŏ̤ - vernacular (sound of laughter).

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho
  - Tâi-lô: ho
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ho³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
  - Tâi-lô: o
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oy
  - IPA (Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/

Note:

ho - literary;
o - 阿 is used in the Mainland.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hu (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /hv̩ʷ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /hɑ/▼

Rime
Character	呵
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	虎何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ha/
Li Rong	/xɑ/
Wang Li	/xɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hē

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呵
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hē
Middle Chinese	‹ xa ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁaj/
English	scold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呵
Reading #	1/2
No.	7453
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	訶
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːl/
Notes	同訶，又集韻笑、氣出，今字作哈

Definitions

呵

Alternative form of 訶／诃 (hē, “to berate; to scold”).
to shout; to cry out
to cherish; to treasure; to protect
(onomatopoeia) Sound of laughing.
Exclamation particle for expressing surprise.
(dialectal) to smoke (tobacco)

Compounds

Derived terms from 呵

傻呵呵
冷呵呵
叱呵
呵佛罵祖／呵佛骂祖
呵叱
呵呵 (hēhē)
呵呵大笑 (hēhē dàxiào)
呵咾 (o-ló)
呵喝
呵壁問天／呵壁问天
呵導／呵导

呵斥 (hēchì)
呵會／呵会
呵癢／呵痒
呵禁
呵脬捧卵
呵衛／呵卫
呵護／呵护 (hēhù)
呵責／呵责 (hēzé)
哦呵
喝風呵煙／喝风呵烟
怔呵呵

打野呵
撇呵
樂呵／乐呵
樂呵呵／乐呵呵
灞陵呵夜
笑呵呵 (xiàohēhē)
胖呵呵
譏呵／讥呵
譙呵／谯呵
開呵／开呵
霸陵呵夜

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hē (he¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹
Min Dong (BUC): hĕ̤ / hŏ̤
Wu (Wiktionary): hu (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hē
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
  - Wade–Giles: ho¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
  - IPA ^(key): /xɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho¹
  - Yale: hō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hĕ̤ / hŏ̤
  - IPA ^(key): /hœ⁵⁵/, /ho⁵⁵/

Note:

hĕ̤ - vernacular;
hŏ̤ - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hu (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /hv̩ʷ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /hɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	呵
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼箇切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ha^H/
Li Rong	/xɑ^H/
Wang Li	/xɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hè

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呵
Reading #	2/2
No.	7456
Phonetic component	可
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	呵
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːls/

Definitions

呵

to expel breath; to slowly breathe out

Compounds

Derived terms from 呵

一氣呵成／一气呵成 (yīqìhēchéng)
呵凍／呵冻

呵手
呵欠 (hēqiàn)

呵欠連天／呵欠连天
打呵欠 (dǎhēqiàn)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kē (ke¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kē
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜ
  - Wade–Giles: k'o¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ke
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵⁵/

Definitions

呵

Used in transcription.

Compounds

Derived terms from 呵

呵叻 (Kēlè)

呵羅單／呵罗单 (Kēluódān)

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hā (ha¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hā
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: ha¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ha
  - IPA ^(key): /xä⁵⁵/

Definitions

呵

^† Alternative form of 哈 (hā, “to bend over”).

Pronunciation 5

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ā (a¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): o¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: ā
  - Zhuyin: ㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: a¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: a
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: o¹
  - Yale: ō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: o¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: o¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ɔː⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions

呵

^† Alternative form of 啊 (“exclamation particle”).

Pronunciation 6

Mandarin
(Pinyin): a (a⁵)

(Zhuyin): ˙ㄚ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: a
  - Zhuyin: ˙ㄚ
  - Wade–Giles: a⁵
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .a
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀä/

Definitions

呵

^† Alternative form of 啊 (“modal particle”).

Pronunciation 7

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huō (huo¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huō
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛ
  - Wade–Giles: ho¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huo
  - IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

呵

(dialectal) to cheat; to deceive

Pronunciation 8

Cantonese (Jyutping): ho¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ho¹
  - Yale: hō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ho¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ho¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɔː⁵⁵/

Definitions

呵

(Cantonese) Used to point out something that one would like confirmation for.
都 OK呵 [Cantonese] ― dou¹ ou¹ kei¹ ho¹ [Jyutping] ― should be OK, yeah?

曾江即示意不會再講，謝賢再說：「你唔會怪我架呵？打吓都唔會怪架呵？」隨即一巴掌打落曾江度。 [Cantonese, trad.]
曾江即示意不会再讲，谢贤再说：“你唔会怪我架呵？打吓都唔会怪架呵？”随即一巴掌打落曾江度。 [Cantonese, simp.]
From:
Cang⁴ Gong¹ zik¹ si⁶ ji³ bat¹ wui⁵ zoi³ gong², Ze⁶ Jin⁴ zoi³ syut³: “Nei⁵ m⁴ wui⁵ gwaai³ ngo⁵ gaa³ ho¹? Daa² haa² dou¹ m⁴ wui⁵ gwaai³ gaa³ ho¹?” Ceoi⁴ zik¹ jat¹ baa¹ zoeng² daa² lok⁶ Cang⁴ Gong¹ dou⁶. [Jyutping]
Tsang Kong immediately displayed a lack of willingness to continue talking, so Tse Yin said: "You won't blame me, right? You wont't blame me if I give you a slap, right?" and immediately gave Tsang Kong a slap on the cheek.

Japanese

Kanji

呵

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

scold, disapprove

Readings

On (unclassified): か (ka)
Kun: しかる (shikaru, 呵る); わらう (warau, 呵う)

Korean

Hanja

呵 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

呵 (ha, há, hả, hà, khá, khà)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.