See also: and
U+51FA, 出
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FA

[U+51F9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+51FB]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 17, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 山山 (UU), four-corner 22772, composition or ⿻)

Derived characters

  • (U+5C80, Unorthodox variant)

References

  • KangXi: page 135, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1811
  • Dae Jaweon: page 301, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 307, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+51FA

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*r̥ʰuːlʔ, *ŋrɯd, *ʔr'uːd, *ŋruːd
*kljods
*sqʰluds
*kʰljuds, *kʰljud
*ʔl'ɯd, *skruːd, *skrod, *skrud
*qʰlɯd, *l̥ʰud
*ŋr'uːd
*ŋr'oːd
*ʔl'oːd, *ʔl'uːd
*sɡloːd, *ʔl'uːd
*kljod
*kljod, *l̥ʰud
*ɡlod, *ɡlud
*l'uːd
*kluːd, *qʰluːd
*kluːd, *ɡluːd
*kʰluːd
*kʰluːd, *ʔl'ud
*kʰluːd, *ɡlud
*kʰluːd
*ʔl'ud
*ʔl'ud
*l̥ʰud
*klud, *kʰlud
*klud
*klud
*kʰlud
*ɡlud
*ɡlud, *ŋɡlud

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (foot) +  (cave) – to step out of a cave; to exit. Compare .

By the Qin dynasty, the character has lost its original shape. Based on the distorted form, Shuowen mistakenly interprets the character as a pictogram (象形) of a plant growing outwards.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation


Note:
  • cug4 - literary;
  • cuh4 - vernacular (dialectal).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁴⁴/
/ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ ~去
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹/
/t͡sʰu²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Qingdao /tʃʰu⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fʰu²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰv̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰu³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰu²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰu³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
/t͡sʰz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰyʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰut̚¹/
Taoyuan /tʃʰut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰyt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰøt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰouʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰuk̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sut̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (24) (24)
Final () (16) (52)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡ɕʰiuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡ɕʰʷiH/ /t͡ɕʰʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡ɕʰjuɪH/ /t͡ɕʰjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/cʰwiH/ /cʰwit̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡ɕʰuiH/ /t͡ɕʰiuĕt̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰĭuĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡ɕʰwiH/ /t͡ɕʰi̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chuì chu
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
chū chuì
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsyhwit › ‹ tsyhwijH ›
Old
Chinese
/*t-kʰut/ /*t-kʰut-s/
English go or come out bring or take out

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1545 1578
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰljuds/ /*kʰljud/

Definitions

  1. to go out
    Antonyms: ()
  2. to leave; to exit
  3. to appear
  4. to show up
  5. to send out; to put forth
  6. to offer
  7. to exceed
  8. to be in excess
  9. to produce
  10. to happen
  11. to publish
  12. to vent
  13. to sell (one's own thing)
  14. to be released (e.g., a product, film, or announcement)
    Windows 10已經一年 [Cantonese, trad.]
    Windows 10已经一年 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Windows 10 ji5 ging1 ceot1 zo2 jat1 nin4 [Jyutping]
    Windows 10 has already been out for a year
  15. Particle placed after verbs to indicate an outward movement.
  16. Particle placed after verbs to indicate a completed action.

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“act; stanza; time, occasion; trouble; hassle; etc.”).
(This character, , is the simplified and variant traditional form of .)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

The  (れん) (よう) (けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb  () (deru, to come out).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana , rōmaji de)

  1. the process of something coming out
  2. something that comes out

Derived terms

Terms derived from  () (de)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
しゅつ
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪt̚, “to go or come out”).

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana しゅつ, rōmaji shutsu)

  1. being from a certain place
  2. coming out

Derived terms

Terms derived from  (しゅつ) (shutsu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Contraction of verb 出ず (izu, to go or come out, obsolete)

Verb

(nidan conjugation, hiragana , rōmaji zu, historical hiragana )

  1. (obsolete) to go or come out

Usage notes

The 出る (deru) form is now the standard term for this in modern Japanese.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun (nal chul))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(xuất, xuý)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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