가

가 U+AC00, 가
HANGUL SYLLABLE GA
Composition:ㄱ + ㅏ
Dubeolsik input:r-k
[unassigned: U+ABFA–U+ABFF]
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[U+AC01]

Korean

Etymology 1
가각갂갃간갅갆
갇갈갉갊갋갌갍
갎갏감갑값갓갔
강갖갗갘같갚갛
→ 개

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Symbol

가 • (ga)

  1. A Hangul syllabic block made up of ㄱ and ㅏ. The first syllable of the hangul writing system. Often used to mark the first item of a list or sub-list.

Etymology 2

First attested in the Yongbi eocheonga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆺ (kos).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key)[ka̠ː]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? kā

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. (often as a suffix) bound, edge, end, margin, rim, side, verge, brink
Synonyms
  • (bound, edge, end): 가장자리 (gajangjari), 변두리 (byeonduri), 언저리 (eonjeori), 가녘 (ganyeok)
Antonyms
Derived terms
  • 가없다 (ga-eopda, “to be boundless, limitless”)
  • 강가 (江—, gangga, “riverside”)
  • 길가 (gilga, “roadside”)
  • 난롯가 (煖爐—, nallotga, “fireside”)
  • 물가 (mulga, “shore”)
  • 바닷가 (badatga, “seaside”)
  • 입가 (ipga, “lips”)
  • 호숫가 (hosutga, “lakeside, lakeshore”)

Etymology 3

Unknown. It was not attested in texts from the 15th century, and its first attestation has been variously placed at 1572 CE[1] or mid-17th century[2]. It was initially a subject particle, of limited distribution and used in a complementary manner to —이 (i). The development of its usage is as follows:[3]

  1. Since the mid-17th century: used after nouns ending in -i or -y,
    e.g. pwuli-ka ("mouth"), nay-ka ("scent"), poy-ka ("boat");
  2. Since the mid-18th century: used after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
    e.g. ca-ka ("one who"), soyngswo-ka, nwongso-ka ("farm work");
  3. During the end of the 18th century: used briefly in the form of double particle -i/yka after nouns ending in vowels/semivowels other than -i,
    e.g. to-yka ("road"), inkwu-yka ("population"), nwongso-yka ("farm work").

Various theories exist regarding its origin:

  1. Developed from the interrogative particle —가 (ga);[4]
  2. Developed from the vocative case particle —하 (ha)/—아 (a);[5]
  3. Developed from the connective ending —다가 (daga);[6]
  4. Developed from the verb 가— (ga-, “to go”);[7]
  5. Borrowed from the Japanese nominative particle が (ga).[8]

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Particle

가 • (ga)

  1. Indicates the subject of a sentence.(Compare with Japanese が)
    그렇지만, 내가 펜을 갖고 있을텐데…
    geureochiman, naega peneul gatgo isseultende…
    I know I have a pen, though…
    Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
  2. Indicates the subjective complement of a sentence, usually used with 되다 (doeda, “become”) or 아니다 (anida, “be not”).
Usage notes
  • 가 (ga) indicates the subject of the verb in the sentence, as opposed to the object, which *를 (reul) indicates. See also 는 (neun), which indicates the topic of the sentence.
  • 가 (ga) is used only after words ending with a vowel. After words ending with a consonant, 이 (i) is used instead.
Synonyms
See also

Etymology 4

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka
  • IPA(key)[ka̠ː]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? kā

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. (家): family, house
  2. (價): price, value
  3. (假): falsehood

Suffix

—가 • (-ga)

  1. (街): street
    • 종로3가
      Jongno 3(sam)-ga
      "The 3rd Jongno Street"

Syllable

가 • (ga)

  1. 仮: lie
    (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga), MC reading: 仮)
  2. 伽: temple
    (eumhun reading: 절 가 (jeol ga), MC reading: 伽 (MC ɡɨɑ))
  3. 佳: beautiful
    (eumhun reading: 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga), MC reading: 佳 (MC kˠɛ))
  4. 假: lie
    (eumhun reading: 거짓 가 (geojit ga), MC reading: 假 (MC kˠaX, kˠaH))
  5. 傢: furniture
    (eumhun reading: 가구 가 (gagu ga), MC reading: 傢)
  6. 價: price
    (eumhun reading: 값 가 (gap ga), MC reading: 價 (MC kˠaH))
  7. 加: to add
    (eumhun reading: 더할 가 (deohal ga), MC reading: 加 (MC kˠa))
  8. 可: right;able
    (eumhun reading: 옳을 가 (oreul ga), MC reading: 可 (MC kʰɑX))
  9. 呵: to scold
    (eumhun reading: 꾸짖을 가 (kkujijeul ga), MC reading: 呵 (MC hɑ, hɑH))
  10. 咖: coffee
    (eumhun reading: 커피 가 (keopi ga), MC reading: 咖)
  11. 哥: a surname
    (eumhun reading: 성씨 가 (seongssi ga), MC reading: 哥 (MC kɑ))
  12. 哿: right, good
    (eumhun reading: 옳을 가 (oreul ga), MC reading: 哿 (MC kɑX))
  13. 嘉: beautiful, joyous;happy
    (eumhun reading: 아름다울 가 (areumdaul ga), MC reading: 嘉 (MC kˠa))
  14. 坷: uneven;unlevel
    (eumhun reading: 평탄하지 않을 가 (pyeongtanhaji aneul ga), MC reading: 坷 (MC kʰɑX, kʰɑH))
  15. 嫁: get married(Used only for women)
    (eumhun reading: 시집갈 가 (sijipgal ga), MC reading: 嫁 (MC kˠaH))
  16. 宊: house
    (eumhun reading: 집 가 (jip ga), MC reading: 宊 (MC tʰuət̚))
  17. 家: house
    (eumhun reading: 집 가 (jip ga), MC reading: 家 (MC kˠa))
  18. 苛: severe;harsh
    (eumhun reading: 가혹할 가 (gahokhal ga), MC reading: 苛 (MC ɦɑ))
  19. 茄: lotus root, aubergine
    (eumhun reading: 연줄기, 가지 가 (yeonjulgi, gaji ga), MC reading: 茄 (MC ɡɨɑ, kˠa))
  20. 葭: reed
    (eumhun reading: 갈대 가 (galdae ga), MC reading: 葭 (MC kˠa))
  21. 斝: drinking-cup
    (eumhun reading: 술잔 가 (suljan ga), MC reading: 斝 (MC kˠaX))
  22. 暇: spare time
    (eumhun reading: 틈, 겨를 가 (teum, gyeoreul ga), MC reading: 暇 (MC ɦˠaH))
  23. 架: rack
    (eumhun reading: 시렁 가 (sireong ga), MC reading: 架 (MC kˠaH))
  24. 枷: knife;flail
    (eumhun reading: 칼 가 (kal ga), MC reading: 枷 (MC ɡɨɑ, kˠa))
  25. 柯: branch
    (eumhun reading: 가지 가 (gaji ga), MC reading: 柯 (MC kɑ))
  26. 榎: catalpa
    (eumhun reading: 개오동나무 가 (gae-odongnamu ga), MC reading: 榎 (MC kˠaX))
  27. 檟: catalpa
    (eumhun reading: 개오동나무 가 (gae-odongnamu ga), MC reading: 檟 (MC kˠaX))
  28. 歌: music;song
    (eumhun reading: 노래 가 (norae ga), MC reading: 歌 (MC kɑ))
  29. 珂: agate
    (eumhun reading: 마노 가 (mano ga), MC reading: 珂 (MC kʰɑ))
  30. 珈: hair ornament
    (eumhun reading: 머리꾸미개 가 (meorikkumigae ga), MC reading: 珈 (MC kˠa))
  31. 迦: one of the spelling of Buddha's name
    (eumhun reading: 부처 이름 가 (bucheo ireum ga), MC reading: 迦 (MC kɨɑ, kˠa))
  32. 痂: scab
    (eumhun reading: 딱지 가 (ttakji ga), MC reading: 痂 (MC kˠa))
  33. 稼: to plant
    (eumhun reading: 심을 가 (simeul ga), MC reading: 稼 (MC kˠaH))
  34. 笳: a reed pipe
    (eumhun reading: 호드기 가 (hodeugi ga), MC reading: 笳 (MC kˠa))
  35. 耞: flail
    (eumhun reading: 도리깨 가 (dorikkae ga), MC reading: 耞)
  36. 舸: boat;ship
    (eumhun reading: 배 가 (bae ga), MC reading: 舸 (MC kɑX))
  37. 街: street
    (eumhun reading: 거리 가 (geori ga), MC reading: 街 (MC kˠɛ, kˠɛi))
  38. 袈: the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns
    (eumhun reading: 가사 가 (gasa ga), MC reading: 袈 (MC kˠa))
  39. 訶: to scold
    (eumhun reading: 꾸짖을 가 (kkujijeul ga), MC reading: 訶 (MC hɑ))
  40. 謌: music;song
    (eumhun reading: 노래 가 (norae ga), MC reading: 謌 (MC kɑ))
  41. 賈: price, value
    (eumhun reading: 값 가 (gap ga), MC reading: 賈 (MC kuoX, kˠaX, kˠaH))
  42. 跏: to do a lotus position
    (eumhun reading: 책상다리할 가 (chaeksangdarihal ga), MC reading: 跏 (MC kˠa))
  43. 軻: handcart, a surname
    (eumhun reading: 수레, 사람 이름 가 (sure, saram ireum ga), MC reading: 軻 (MC kʰɑ, kʰɑX, kʰɑH))
  44. 駕: yoke
    (eumhun reading: 멍에 가 (meong-e ga), MC reading: 駕 (MC kˠaH))
Derived terms

Etymology 5

Infinitive of 가다 (gada, “to go”).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
  • IPA(key)[ka̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[가]
Revised Romanization? ga
Revised Romanization (translit.)? ga
McCune–Reischauer? ka
Yale Romanization? ka

Verb

가 • (ga) (infinitive of 가다)

  1. connective form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): because of going, upon going.
  2. informal form of 가다 (gada, “to go”): go (indicative/interrogative/imperative), let's go
Synonyms
  • (infinitive of 가다, because of going, upon going): 가서 (gaseo)

Etymology 6

Noun

가 • (ga)

  1. la (musical note)

References
  1. 洪允杓, 主格語尾 「-가」에 대하여, 國語學 제3집, 1975.12, 65-91.
  2. 고광모, 주격조사 ‘-가’의 발달, 사단법인 한국언어학회 2013년 겨울학술대회 발표논문집, 2013.12, 69-78.
  3. 홍윤표, 近代國語硏究(Ⅰ), 태학사, 1994, pp. 412-413.
  4. 이숭녕, 주격(主格) '가'의 발달(發達)과 그 해석(解釋), 국어국문학 제19권, 1958.6, 53-57.
  5. 辛兌鉉, 鷄林類事·華夷譯語의 朝鮮 古語 續考, 한글, 1941.3, 9-2(통권84), pp. 1-2.
  6. Ramstedt, G.J., Studies in Korean Etymology, 1949, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
  7. 李承旭, 副動詞의 虛辭化, 진단학보, (51), 1981, 183-202.
  8. 鄭光, 主格 ‘가’의 發達에 대하여: 近代國語資料의 解釋을 中心으로, 우리문화, 2.
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