兄
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Translingual
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Han character
兄 (radical 10, 儿+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口竹山 (RHU), four-corner 60210, composition ⿱口儿)
References
- KangXi: page 123, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1343
- Dae Jaweon: page 259, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 266, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5144
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
兄 | |
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Glyph origin
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (兄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 怳 | *hmaŋʔ |
| 況 | *hmaŋs |
| 貺 | *hmaŋs |
| 况 | *hmaŋs |
| 兄 | *hmraŋ |
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Related to 孟 (OC *mraːŋs, “great; eldest brother; first”); see there for more.
Schuessler (2007), instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔwyik (“elder sibling”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“elder brother”).
Alternatively, Benedict (1972) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), which is possibly also related to 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “paternal uncle; eldest brother”).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō, uncommon)←きやう (kyau, historical)←くゐやう (kwyau, ancient)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)←けい (kei, historical)←くゑい (kwei, ancient)
- Tō-on: ひん (hin)
- Kun: あに (ani, 兄, Jōyō); にい (nii, 兄); にいさん (niisan, 兄さん); え (e, 兄)←え (e, historical)←𛀁 (𛀁, ancient); せ (se, 兄)
- Nanori: えだ (eda)←えだ (eda, historical)←𛀁だ (𛀁da, ancient); これ (kore); さき (saki); しげ (shige); ただ (tada); ね (ne); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
- 兄弟 (kyōdai)
- 兄姉 (keishi)
- 兄事 (keiji)
- 兄弟 (keitei)
- 兄妹 (keimai)
- 阿兄 (akei)
- 家兄 (kakei)
- 花兄 (kakei)
- 雅兄 (gakei)
- 学兄 (gakkei), 学兄 (gakukei)
- 貴兄 (kikei)
- 義兄 (gikei)
- 愚兄 (gukei)
- 賢兄 (kenkei)
- 孔方兄 (kōhōhin)
- 吾兄 (gokei)
- 次兄 (jikei)
- 詞兄 (shikei)
- 実兄 (jikkei)
- 舎兄 (shakei), 舎兄 (shakyō)
- 従兄 (jūkei)
- 諸兄 (shokei)
- 新兄 (shinkyō)
- 仁兄 (jinkei)
- 尊兄 (sonkei)
- 大兄 (taikei)
- 仲兄 (chūkei)
- 長兄 (chōkei)
- 伯兄 (hakkei)
- 父兄 (fukei)
- 亡兄 (bōkei)
- 盟兄 (meikei)
- 令兄 (reikei)
- 老兄 (rōkei)
- 師兄 (suhin)
- 兄鷂 (konori)
- 兄鷹 (shō)
- 兄矢 (haya)
- 御兄 (onī)
- 従兄弟 (itoko)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 兄 |
| けい Grade: 2 |
| kan’on |
*/kˠwæi/ → /kʷæi/ → /keː/
From Middle Chinese 兄 (MC hˠwiæŋ).
Pronunciation
Idioms
- 兄たり難く弟たり難し (kei tarigataku tei tarigatashi)
Suffix
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 兄 |
| あに Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese of unclear derivation:
- Probably originally a compound of 吾 (a, Eastern Old Japanese first-person pronoun) + の (no, possessive particle) + 兄 (ye → e, “eldest sibling”, see below):
- ⟨a no2 ye⟩ → */anʉʲɨe/ → /ani/
- Alternatively, an apophonic form of 姉 (ane, “elder sister”), itself from the same derivation above, possibly by fusion with empathic particle い (i).
(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
Derived terms
Noun
Derived terms
Noun
Antonyms
- 妹 (imo)
Derived terms
- 兄子 (seko)
- 兄な (sena), 兄なあ (senā)
- 兄の君 (se no kimi)
- 兄山 (seyama)
- 兄人 (shōto), 兄人 (seuto)
- 兄ろ (sero)
- 吾兄 (ase)
- 妹兄 (imose)
- いろせ (irose)
- 汝兄 (nase)
- 継兄 (mamase)
Etymology 5
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 兄 |
| このかみ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.
Originally a compound of 子 (ko, “child”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 上 (kami, “upper”).[1][4]
Alternative forms
- 首, 氏上
Noun
兄 (hiragana このかみ, rōmaji konokami)
Derived terms
- 兄心 (konokami-gokoro)
- 兄部 (konokōbe)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup (Volume 1 of A Waka Anthology)[Stanford University Press], illustrated, reprint edition, →ISBN, page 17
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Vietnamese
Han character
兄 (huynh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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