背

See also: 揹
背 U+80CC, 背
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80CC
← 胋
[U+80CB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 胍 →
[U+80CD]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

背 (radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 中心月 (LPB), four-corner 11227, composition ⿱北月)

References
  • KangXi: page 977, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1429, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2058, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+80CC

Chinese

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 背
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (北) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
背 *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs
鄁 *bɯːɡs
偝 *bɯːɡs
邶 *bɯːɡs
苝 *bɯːɡs
北 *pɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs) : phonetic 北 (OC *pɯːɡ) + semantic 月 (“meat”). Semantic 肉 was added to be distinguished from the derived meaning of 北 (“north”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ba (“to carry (on back), shoulder”).

Two pronunciations were distinguished in Middle Chinese: puʌiH (“back”), buʌiH (“to turn one's back to; to betray”).

Pronunciation 1
simp. and trad.
 背
Note:
  • bui3 - “back; to betray; to violate”;
  • bui6 - “to recite; unlucky; out of touch”.
Note:
  • pōe - literary;
  • pēr/pē - vernacular.
Note: bu3 - alternative pronunciation when meaning "backside" (e.g. 手背, 刀背).
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: pe (T2); be (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pe̞³⁴/, /b̻e̞²³/
Note:
  • 2pe - noun (“back”);
  • 3be - verb (“to betray; to recite”).
Rime
Character 背 背
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 蒲昧切 補妹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buʌiH/ /puʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buoiH/ /puoiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bwəjH/ /pwəjH/
Li
Rong		 /buᴀiH/ /puᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /buɒiH/ /puɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱuɑ̆iH/ /puɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bèi bèi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 背 背
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bèi bèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bwojH › ‹ pwojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-pˁək-s/ /*pˁək-s/
English turn the back on the back

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 背 背
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 408 409
Phonetic
component		 北 北
Rime
group		 代 代
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 背 佩
Old
Chinese		 /*pɯːɡs/ /*bɯːɡs/

Definitions

背

  1. to memorize
    這篇文章寫得多棒啊，背下來。 [MSC, trad.]
    这篇文章写得多棒啊，背下来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè piān wénzhāng xiěde duō bàng a, bèi xiàlái. [Pinyin]
    How excellently written is this article! Memorize it.
  2. (anatomy) back
  3. back; backside; reverse side
  4. back of the hand
  5. to turn one's back to
  6. to abandon; to give up
  7. to betray; to be disloyal
  8. to deviate; to go contrary to; to violate
  9. unlucky; out of luck
  10. to recite
  11. hard of hearing
    耳背  ―  ěrbèi  ―  hard of hearing
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 背 (“back (of the body)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 背
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 背, 背部, 背脊, 脊背, 後背
Mandarin Beijing 後脊樑, 脊樑
Taiwan 背
Harbin 背, 後背, 後脊樑, 脊樑
Hailar 背
Ulanhot 背
Tongliao 背
Chifeng 背
Bayanhot 背, 脊背, 脊樑
Jinan 脊樑
Muping 脊樑桿子, 脊樑, 脊樑蓋子
Luoyang 脊樑
Wanrong 脊背
Xi'an 脊背
Zhengzhou 脊樑
Xining 脊背
Xuzhou 後筋股, 筋股, 後脊樑股, 脊樑股
Yinchuan 脊樑
Lanzhou 脊背
Ürümqi 脊背, 脊樑
Wuhan 背心, 背
Chengdu 背
Guiyang 背
Liuzhou 背, 脊樑
Yangzhou 脊背, 脊樑, 背
Nanjing 脊背, 脊背心
Hefei 脊背, 背, 後背心
Cantonese Guangzhou 背脊, 背脢
Hong Kong 背脊
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 背脊, 背樑, 背裡
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 背脢
Yangjiang 背脊
Kuala Lumpur 背脊
Gan Nanchang 背脊
Lichuan 背脊
Pingxiang 背脊, 背
Hakka Meixian 背囊, 背脊
Xingning 背囊
Huidong (Daling) 背囊脊
Qujiang 背脊
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 背囊
Changting 背脊, 背
Pingyu 背囊
Wuping 背脊, 背囊
Liancheng 背脊
Ninghua 背脊
Yudu 背
Ruijin 背脊
Shicheng 背脊
Shangyou 背
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 背囊
Liudui (S. Sixian) 背囊
Hsinchu (Hailu) 背囊
Dongshi (Dabu) 背囊
Hsinchu (Raoping) 背囊
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 背脊𩩍
Hong Kong 背囊
Sabah 背囊, 背
Senai 背囊
Singkawang 背囊
Huizhou Jixi 背脊
Jin Taiyuan 脊背
Xinzhou 脊背
Baochang 背
Jining 脊背
Hohhot 脊背
Baotou 脊背
Dongsheng 脊背
Linhe 脊背
Haibowan 脊背
Min Bei Jian'ou 背脊, 背脊𩩍
Min Dong Fuzhou 𩩍, 𩩍脊骨
Min Nan Xiamen 胛脊, 胛脊𩩍, 巴脊
Quanzhou 胛脊, 巴脊
Zhangzhou 胛脊, 胛脊𩩍, 巴脊
Taipei 胛脊𩩍
Kaohsiung 胛脊𩩍
Tainan 胛脊𩩍
Taichung 胛脊𩩍
Hsinchu 胛脊𩩍
Lukang 胛脊𩩍
Sanxia 巴脊
Yilan 胛脊𩩍
Kinmen 胛脊𩩍
Magong 胛脊𩩍
Penang 胛脊, 胛脊後
Philippines (Manila) 巴脊
Chaozhou 胛脊
Johor Bahru 胛脊
Haikou 胛脊
Leizhou 胛脊
Pinghua Nanning 背脊, 背脢
Wu Shanghai 背脊, 背脊骨
Suzhou 背心, 背
Hangzhou 背脊
Wenzhou 背脊身, 背骶身, 後半身
Chongming 背肌
Danyang 背背
Jinhua 背脊
Ningbo 背脊心, 背脊登, 背脊胴, 背脊
Xiang Changsha 背脊, 背心, 背
Shuangfeng 背心, 背
Loudi 背, 背皮

Compounds
Derived terms from 背

Pronunciation 2
trad. 背/揹*
simp. 背

Definitions

背

  1. to carry on the back
  2. (figuratively) to carry; to bear (blame); to shoulder (responsibility)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 背負 (“to carry on the back”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 負
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 背負
Mandarin Beijing 背
Taiwan 背
Jinan 背
Xi'an 背
Wuhan 背, 馱
Chengdu 背
Yangzhou 背, 馱
Hefei 背, 馱
Cantonese Guangzhou 孭
Hong Kong 孭
Yangjiang 孭
Gan Nanchang 馱, 背
Hakka Meixian 背, 揹
Jin Taiyuan 背
Min Bei Jian'ou 騎, 邁
Min Dong Fuzhou 邁
Min Nan Xiamen 背, 揹, 偝
Zhangzhou 揹, 偝
Taipei 揹, 偝
Chaozhou 背
Wu Suzhou 背
Wenzhou 背, 擐
Xiang Changsha 背
Shuangfeng 背

Compounds
Derived terms from 背

Japanese

Kanji
背

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
背
せ
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 背 – see the following entry at せ.
せ【背・脊】
[noun]one's back (part of the human body)
[noun]one's height
[noun]the rear of something, the area behind
(This term, 背, is a kanji spelling of せ.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
背
せい
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 背 – see せい.
(This term, 背, is a kanji spelling of せい.)

Korean

Hanja

背 • (bae, pae) (hangeul 배, 패, revised bae, pae, McCune–Reischauer pae, p'ae, Yale pay, phay)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

背 (bối, bội, bổi, bồi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.