Nanded

Nanded
City
Sachkhand Sri Hazur Sahib Nanded
Nickname(s): "City of Sanskrit poets", "City of Gurdwaras"
Nanded
Coordinates: 19°09′N 77°18′E / 19.15°N 77.30°E / 19.15; 77.30Coordinates: 19°09′N 77°18′E / 19.15°N 77.30°E / 19.15; 77.30
Country  India
State Maharashtra
Region Marathwada
District Nanded district
Established 1610 CE
Named for Sachkhand Gurdwara
Government
 • Type Municipal Corporation
 • Body Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation
Area
 • Total 63.22 km2 (24.41 sq mi)
Elevation 362 m (1,188 ft)
Population (2011)[1]
 • Total 550,439
 • Rank 2nd(MS) 80th
 • Density 8,700/km2 (23,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s) Nandedkar
Languages
 • Official Marathi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN CODE 431601 to 606
Telephone code 02462
ISO 3166 code IN-MH
Vehicle registration MH 26
Website www.nanded.nic.in

Nanded is a city in Maharashtra state, India. It is the eighth largest urban agglomeration of the state and the seventy-ninth most populous city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada subdivision. Nanded is the centre of governance of Nanded district. Nanded is a major destination Sikh pilgrims,[2] because the 10th Sikh Guru (Guru Gobind Singh) made Nanded his permanent abode and passed his guruship to the Guru Granth Sahib before his death in 1708.[3]

Location

Sri Hazur Sahib Gurdwara

Nanded is located on the banks of Godavari river in central west India. It is closer (approximately 275 kilometres (171 mi)) to Hyderabad[4] in the state of Telangana than it is to the capital of Maharashtra state, Mumbai. Nanded district borders Latur district and Parbhani district to the west and Yavatmal district to the north. The district is bounded by the Nizamabad, Medak and Adilabad districts of Telangana state to the east.

Nanded has two parts. Old Nanded 20.62 square kilometres (7.96 sq mi) occupies the north bank of Godavari river. New Nanded to the south of the river, 31.14 square kilometres (12.02 sq mi) encompasses Waghala and six other villages.

Etymology

From a copper plate inscription found at Washim, a town approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Nanded, archaeologists deduce the city was formerly known as Nanditaṭa (Marathi: नंदितट). Another name was Nandigrāma.[5] Folklore suggests that the name "Nanded" developed from Nandi the Vahana of Shiva. Shiva was said to have performed penance on the banks (Taṭa) of the Godavari river. This "Nandi-taṭa" later became "Nanded".

History

Nanded is an old and historic centre.[6] Local irrigation practices and Nanded itself are recorded in the treatise, Leela Charitra (late 1200s CE).[7]

In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, Nanded was ruled by the Nanda dynasty. In the 3rd century BCE (about 272 to 231 BCE), it was part of the Maurya Empire under Ashoka.

In the 1st century CE, power in the area lay with the Andhrabhrtyas and Satvahanas.[6]

From 1636, Nanded was the centre of governance of Nizam State now Telangana, Karnataka, an imperial province of the Mughal Badshah (emperor) Shah Jahan. In 1657, Nanded merged into Bidah Subah.

In 1725, Nanded became part of Hyderabad State. It continued to be part of the Nizam of Hyderabad's dominions until 1948.[6] After India gained independence in 1947, the Indian Armed Forces annexed Hyderabad and ended the rule of the Nizam in Operation Polo,[8] making Nanded part of the new Hyderabad State.

Nanded remained part of the annexed Hyderabad state until 1956 when it was included in the Bombay Presidency. On 1 May 1960, Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis and the Marathi dominant Nanded district became part of Maharashtra.[9][10]

Origins of Sikhism in Nanded

Sikh devotees during Shobha Yatra in Nanded

Nanded is associated with some important Sikh gurus. For example, Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539 CE) passed through Nanded on his way to Sri Lanka.

Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708 CE) arrived in Nanded with the mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I (1643 – 1712 CE) near the end of August in 1707 CE. When Bahadur moved on to Golconda Singh remained in Nanded. Singh proclaimed he was the last (tenth) living guru and established the sacred text, the Guru Granth Sahib as an eternal "living" leader. Guru Gobind Singh died without a lineal descendant due to the martyrdom of his four sons.[11][12]

In about 1835, Maharaja Ranjit Singh commissioned the construction of a gurdwara at Nanded. It was built on the site of Guru Gobind Singh's cremation. The gurdwara is part of the Hazur Sahib.

In 2008, the tercentenary of the passing of the guruship to Guru Granth Sahib, Guru-ta-Gaddi celebrations were held in Nanded.

Geography

Nanded is the second largest city in Marathawada after Aurangabad. Its area is 63.22 square kilometres (24.41 sq mi).[13] Regarding cities in Maharshatra state, Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nasik, Aurangabad, Solapur and Amravati are larger.

Nanded is built on the Deccan Traps lava flows of the upper cretaceous to lower eocene eras. The lava flows are overlain by thin alluvial deposits. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has two distinct units. The highly weathered vesicular trap and underlying weathered jointed and fractured massive trap constitutes the main water-yielding zones. The soil is mostly formed from igneous rocks and are black, medium black, shallow and calcareous types having different depths and profiles.

Governance

The city of Nanded is managed by the Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation (NWCMC). The corporation consists of 81 democratically elected members. The Municipal Commissioner is the Chief Executive of the Corporation.

Demographics

Religions in Nanded[14]
Religion Percent
Hindu
 
 48.06%
Muslim
 
 33.59%
Buddhist
 
 15.35%
Sikh
 
 2.00%
Others†
 
 1%
†Includes Jains

As of the 2011 census, Nanded had a population of 550,564. The municipality had a gender ratio of 924 females per 1,000 males. 12.4 percent of the population were under six years old. Effective literacy was 87.40 percent. 81.74 percent of women were literate. Male literacy was 92.68 percent.[15]

Economy

Nanded is a centre for governance and a market town for its surrounding agricultural region. Tourism is supported by 10 million visitors and religious pilgrims. There is some industrial development.

Crops grown around Nanded include cotton, bananas, sugarcane, mangos, soya beans, sweet limes, and sorghum (jawar). Nanded has a regional cotton research center to support the cotton-growing industry. There is an agricultural school is operational under the aegis of Krishi Vidyapeeth of Parbhani.

Education

On 17 September 1994, the Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University was established in Nanded after a restructuring of the Marathwada University in Aurangabad. The university supervises the educational activities in senior colleges in four districts of Marathwada division.

Notable educational institutions in Nanded include the Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College and the Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology; [16]

Tourism and sites of interest

Interior view of the gurdwara
Sri Hazur Sahib seen from the fountains

Nanded is an historical city in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra state.[17][18] Vedic rituals are performed on the banks of Godavari River These include Urvashi Ghat, Ram Ghat, and Govardhan Ghat.

Panoramic view of Shri Hazur Sahib Gurdwara

Temples

Nanded's Hindu temples include:

  • Kaleshwar temple
  • Shani Temple, in Mondha on Ram Ghat
  • Yagyavalkya Vedpathshala Saraswati Temple in Shree Nagar
  • Rajput Sangh Renuka Mata Temple
  • Marwadi Dharma Shala Hanuman Temple
  • Temples in Trikut village form the Nabhishthan (centre point) of the River Godavari, which is believed to be very sacred for Hindus.
  • Siddheshwar Temple, Hottal – built during the Chalukya era, an example of Hemadpanti temple architecture.[19]
  • Lord Shiva Temple, Tadkhel Village (Degloor Taluka) – built with large stones displaying scripture by the Hindu king, Senapati.
  • Jagdamba Mata Mandir, Tadkhel village

Hazur Sahib

Hazur Sahib was built by Maharaja Ranjit Singh. It is one of the Panj Takht ( the five seats of higher authority for Sikhs. It is built at the site of cremation of Guru Gobind Singh. His remains and weapons are preserved at the site.[18]

Nanded fort

Nanded fort is found 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from Nanded Railway Station. The Godavari river encloses the fort on three sides. There is a garden and water works.

Mahur

  • Mahur township is home to the goddess Renuka. It is part of the Saade Teen Shaktipeeth (three and a half seats of power of the deity). It also has a Parshuram Mandir. Located on two adjoining hills, the Mahur fort * Parshuram mandir
  • Mahur fort – an important point on a major route from the North to the Deccan.[20]

Sahasrakund waterfalls

The falls, located at Islapur village, are a favourite destination for tourists during the monsoon and are accessible by train.

Unkeshwar village

Unkeshwar village in Kinwat taluka has a famous Shiva temple. Hot water springs with containing sulphur and phosphate are believed to have medicinal properties.

Transport

Road

National highway 61 (Kalyan-Ahmednagar-Parbhani-Nanded-Nirmal), National highway 361 (Nagpur-Wardha-Yavatmal-Nanded-Latur-Solapur-Sangli-Kolhapur-Ratnagiri) and National highway 161 (Akola-Washim-Hingoli-Nanded-Degloor-Sangareddy) pass through the city. The State Road Transport Bus service operates to Nanded.

Rail

Nanded railway station is located on the Secunderabad – Manmad section of Nanded railway division of the South Central Railway Zone (SCR). Nanded station is the biggest station in Marathwada region. Forty-eight trains arrive each day.[21] Maltekdi Railway Station is another railway station for Nanded.

Air

The Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport is served by daily Trujet Airlines flight to Hyderabad and Mumbai. Recently Air India started its operations, connecting Nanded to Amritsar with flights on Saturday and Sunday.

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Nanded Waghala City Census 2011 data". Indian Census 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  2. ↑ "Nanded District - Historical Importance". India.gov.in. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  3. ↑ "Nanded". maharashtra government. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  4. ↑ https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Hyderabad,+Telangana/Nanded,+Maharashtra/
  5. ↑ Nanded City Nanded airport Corporation website.
  6. 1 2 3 Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Nanded. Director of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. 1971. pp. 4, 576.
  7. ↑ Proceedings – Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress. 2007. p. 331.
  8. ↑ Guruswamy, Mohan. "Police Action". Hyderabad on the Net. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  9. ↑ "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra). Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-27.
  10. ↑ "New Page 4". beed.nic.in. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 4 March 2007.
  11. ↑ Journal of the United Service Institution of India, Volumes 1-2. United Service Institution of India. 1871. p. 58.
  12. ↑ "The Sikh Review". Sikh Cultural Centre. 20 (218–229): 28. 1972.
  13. ↑ Nanded home page NWCMC
  14. ↑ Nanded Census 2011.
  15. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  16. ↑ Mahatma Gandhi Mission's College of engineering and college of computer science and IT
  17. ↑ Tourism National Informatics Centre, India.
  18. 1 2 Nanded guruwara Maharashtra tourism, Government of India.
  19. ↑ Siddheshwar Hottal Government of India.
  20. ↑ Mahurghat Government of India.
  21. ↑ "NED/Hazur Sahib Nanded (4 PFs) Railway Station - Today's Train Arrival Timings - India Rail Info - A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts". India Rail Info.
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