Isaiah 25
| Isaiah 25 | |
|---|---|
 The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter. | |
| Book | Book of Isaiah |
| Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Bible part | 23 |
| Category | Nevi'im |
Isaiah 25 is the twenty-fifth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a part of the Book of the Prophets.[1][2] Chapters 24-27 of Isaiah constitute one continuous poetical prophecy,[3] sometimes called the "Isaiah Apocalypse".
Text
- The original text is written in Hebrew language.
- This chapter is divided into 12 verses.
Textual versions
Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:
- Masoretic Text (10th century)
- Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC) [4][5]
- 1QIsaa: complete
- 1QIsab: extant: verses 1‑8
- 4QIsac (4Q57): extant: verses 1‑2, 8‑12
Ancient translations in Koine Greek:
- Septuagint (3rd century BC)
- Theodotion version (~AD 180)
Structure
The Contemporary English Version organises this chapter as follows:
- Isaiah 25:1-5 = A Prayer of Thanks to God
- Isaiah 25:6-12 = The Lord Has Saved Us
Verse 2
- The city will never be rebuilt
The Geneva Bible and King James Version have the text as "it shall never be built".[6]
American theologian Albert Barnes writes:
- "I suppose the whole scope of the passage requires us to understand this of Babylon. There has been, however, a great variety of interpretation of this passage. Grotius supposed that Samaria was intended. Calvin that the word is used collectively, and that various cities are intended. Piscator that Rome, the seat of antichrist, was intended. Jerome says that the Jews generally understand it of Rome. Aben Ezra and Kimchi, however, understand it to refer to many cities which they say will be destroyed in the times of Gog and Magog. Nearly all these opinions may be seen subjected to an examination, and shown to be unfounded, in Vitringa."[7][8]
Verse 3
- The city of the terrible nations
The Pulpit Commentary suggests reading this phrase as cities of terrible nations because, although "the noun is singular, the verb (fear) is plural, showing that the word "city" is ... used distributively".[9]
Verse 4
- A shade from the heat
This idea is a little enlarged in Isaiah 32:2:
- A man will be as a hiding place from the wind,
- And a cover from the tempest
- As rivers of water in a dry place,
- As the shadow of a great rock in a weary land
The Pulpit Commentary suggests "its germ is ... to be found in Psalms 121:5-6":[9]
- The Lord is your keeper;
- The Lord is your shade at your right hand.
- The sun shall not strike you by day,
- Nor the moon by night.
Verse 6
- And in this mountain shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat things,
- a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined.[10]
- "This mountain" refers to Mount Zion,[11] also in Isaiah 2:2, Isaiah 25:10.[12][13]
- The King James Version refers to "wine on the lees", whereas more recent translations refer to "well-aged wines" (e.g. New Revised Standard Version) or "the finest wine" (Good News Translation). "Lees" refers to deposits of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles which precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after fermentation and aging. Some contemporary wines (notably Chardonnay, Champagne and Muscadet) are sometimes aged for a time on the lees leading to a distinctive yeasty aroma and taste.[14]
- "Fat things full of marrow": special food for a banquet (to complement the "wines on the lees well refined") such as "prepared by Wisdom in Proverb 9:1-6".[13]
See also
- Moab
- Mount Zion
- Related Bible parts: Isaiah 2, Isaiah 24, Isaiah 26, Isaiah 27, Jeremiah 48, Revelation 19, Revelation 21
References
- ↑ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of the Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
- ↑ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
- ↑ A. R. Fausset, in Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on Isaiah 24, accessed 1 October 2017
- ↑ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 37 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
- ↑ Ulrich 2010, p. 496-497.
- ↑ BibleGateway.com: Isaiah 25:2
- ↑ Barnes, A., Barnes' Notes on Isaiah 25, accessed 16 April 2018
- ↑ Vitringa, C., Commentary on Isaiah, Leeuwarden, 1714-20
- 1 2 Pulpit Commentary on Isaiah 25, accessed 7 October 2017
- ↑ Isaiah 25:6 - King James Version
- ↑ Isaiah 25:6 - Good News Translation
- ↑ The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1011-1012 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
- 1 2 The Nelson Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1997. ISBN 9780840715999. pp. 1149-1150.
- ↑ Mary Gorman-McAdams, Wine Words: Lees Aging", 5 November 2012, accessed 1 October 2017
Bibliography
- Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
External links
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Christian
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