Isaiah 51

Isaiah 51
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
Book Book of Isaiah
Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Bible part 23
Category Nevi'im

Isaiah 51 is the fifty-first chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a one of the Books of the Prophets. Chapters 40-55 are known as "Deutero-Isaiah" and date from the time of the Israelites' exile in Babylon.[1] This chapter expresses the consolation of the Lord offered to the people of Israel.

Text

Textual versions

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

Ancient translations in Koine Greek:

Structure

The New King James Version organises this chapter as follows:

Verse 1

“Listen to Me, you who follow after righteousness,
You who seek the Lord:
Look to the rock from which you were hewn,
And to the hole of the pit from which you were dug." (NKJV)[4]

Cross reference: Matthew 3:9

Verse 2

“Look to Abraham your father,
And to Sarah who bore you;
For I called him alone,
And blessed him and increased him." (NKJV)[5]

Sarah is mentioned alongside Abraham; Abraham is described as "the rock from which you [the Israelites] were hewn" and Sarah is described as "the hole of the pit from which you were dug",[6] the latter being a reference to her maternal womb.[7] Abraham was called when he was alone i.e. childless.[8]

Cross reference: Ezekiel 33:24

Verse 6

Lift up your eyes to the heavens,
and look upon the earth beneath:
for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke,
and the earth shall wax old like a garment,
and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner:
but my salvation shall be for ever,
and my righteousness shall not be abolished.[9]

A part of this verse is referred to by Jesus Christ as recorded in Matthew 24:35:

"Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."[10]

Verse 7

Hearken unto me, ye that know righteousness,
the people in whose heart is my law;
fear ye not the reproach of men,
neither be ye afraid of their revilings.[11]

A part of this verse is referred to by Jesus Christ as recorded in Matthew 5:11:

"Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you,
and persecute you,
and shall say all manner
of evil against you falsely, for my sake."[12]

Awake, awake!

Verse 9:

Awake, awake, put on strength,
O arm of the Lord! [13]

Repeated in verse 17:

Awake, awake,
Stand up, O Jerusalem.[14]

John Skinner, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, says it is "difficult to decide" whether the words in verse 9 are addressed to the Lord "by the prophet himself, or by the community of true Israelites". Skinner presents verses 9-10 as a prayer for divine intervention and verses 12-16 as "the divine answer to this prayer".[15]

Are You not the arm that cut Rahab apart,
And wounded the serpent? [16]

The reference to Rahab is to Egpyt, not to the Rahab associated with the Israelites' capture of Jericho in Joshua 2:1-24. Use of the name as a symbol for Egypt "rests on the conception of a conflict in days long past between Jehovah and the monsters called Rahab and the Dragon".[15] In Psalm 89, the Lord "rules the raging of the sea" and "breaks Rahab in pieces".[17]

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Young, Edward J., The Autorship of Isaiah (sic), accessed 29 July 2018
  2. ↑ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 37 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  3. ↑ Ulrich 2010, p. 529-531.
  4. ↑ Isaiah 51:1
  5. ↑ Isaiah 51:2
  6. ↑ Isaiah 51:1
  7. ↑ Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary on Isaiah 51, accessed 26 August 2018
  8. ↑ Isaiah 51:2 - Expanded Bible interpretation
  9. ↑ Isaiah 51:6
  10. ↑ Matthew 24:35
  11. ↑ Isaiah 51:7
  12. ↑ Matthew 5:11
  13. ↑ Isaiah 51:9
  14. ↑ Isaiah 51:17
  15. 1 2 Skinner, J., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Isaiah 51, accessed 27 August 2018
  16. ↑ Isaiah 51:9
  17. ↑ Psalms 89:9

Bibliography

  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.

Jewish

Christian

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