Isaiah 14

Isaiah 14
The Great Isaiah Scroll, the best preserved of the biblical scrolls found at Qumran from the second century BC, contains all the verses in this chapter.
Book Book of Isaiah
Bible part Old Testament
Order in the Bible part 23
Category Nevi'im

Isaiah 14 is the fourteenth chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is a one of the Books of the Prophets.[1][2]

Text

Textual versions

Some most ancient manuscripts containing this chapter in Hebrew language:

  • Masoretic Text (10th century)
  • Dead Sea Scrolls: (2nd century BC) [3][4]
    • 1QIsaa: complete
    • 4QIsac (4Q57): extant: verses 1-5, 13
    • 4QIsal (4Q65): extant: verses 1‑12, 21‑24
    • 4QIsao (4Q68): extant: verses 28‑32

Ancient translations in Koine Greek:

Structure

The New King James Version organises this chapter as follows:

Verse 4

Babylon is described here in the King James Version as the golden city. Robert Lowth and John Nelson Darby both translate this as the exactress of gold.[5][6] The New King James Version suggests insolent as an alternative translation, also preferred by the Revised Standard Version:

How the oppressor has ceased, the insolent fury ceased! [7]

John Wycliffe, drawing his wording from the Latin Vulgate (cessavit exactor quievit tributum) [8] has the tribute has now ceased.[9]

Verse 12

"How you are fallen from heaven,
O Lucifer, son of the morning!
How you are cut down to the ground,
You who weakened the nations!"[10]
  • "Fallen from heaven": see Luke 10:15, 18 for the words of Jesus Christ regarding the fall of Satan.[11]
  • "Lucifer" or "Day-star" (Hebrew: הילל hēylēl, from הלל hâlal, "to shine"). The Septuagint renders it, Ἑωσφόρος Heōsphoros, and Jerome in the Vulgate, "Lucifer, the morning star"; in the Chaldee, "How art thou fallen from high, who wert splendid among the sons of men." The New Oxford Annotated Bible suggests the correlation with "a Canaanite myth of the gods Helel and Shahar (Morning Star and Dawn), who fall from heaven as a result of rebellion."[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ J. D. Davis. 1960. A Dictionary of The Bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House.
  2. ↑ Theodore Hiebert, et al. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume VI. Nashville: Abingdon.
  3. ↑ Timothy A. J. Jull; Douglas J. Donahue; Magen Broshi; Emanuel Tov (1995). "Radiocarbon Dating of Scrolls and Linen Fragments from the Judean Desert". Radiocarbon. 37 (1): 14. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  4. ↑ Ulrich 2010, p. 356-359.
  5. ↑ Lowth, R., Isaiah: a new translation: with a preliminary dissertation, and notes, critical, philological and explanatory, Boston, W. Hilliard; Cambridge, J. Munroe and Company, 1834, page 26
  6. ↑ Isaiah 14:4: Darby Translation
  7. ↑ Isaiah 14:4: RSV
  8. ↑ Isaiah 14:4: Vulgate
  9. ↑ Isaiah 14:4: Wycliffe Bible
  10. ↑ Isaiah 14:12
  11. ↑ The Nelson Study Bible. Thomas Nelson, Inc. 1997. ISBN 9780840715999. pp. 1135-1137.
  12. ↑ The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 998-1000 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810

Bibliography

  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
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