European Parliament election, 2019

European Parliament election, 2019

23–26 May 2019[1]

All seats to the European Parliament
353 seats needed for a majority

 
Leader Manfred Weber Udo Bullmann Syed Kamall
Alliance EPP S&D ECR
Leader's seat Germany Germany London
Last election 221 seats 191 seats 70 seats
Current seats 219 189 73

 
Leader Guy Verhofstadt Gabriele Zimmer Philippe Lamberts
and Ska Keller
Alliance ALDE GUE/NGL Greens/EFA
Leader's seat Belgium (Dutch-speaking region) Germany Belgium (French-speaking region)
and Germany
Last election 67 seats 52 seats 50 seats
Current seats 68 51 52

 
Leader Nigel Farage[2] Nicolas Bay (pictured) and Marcel de Graaff
Alliance EFDD ENF
Leader's seat South East England North West France
& Netherlands
Last election 48 seats N/A
Current seats 43 35

Incumbent President of the European Commission

Jean-Claude Juncker
EPP


This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the European Union
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The next Elections to the European Parliament are expected to be held in 23–26 May 2019. A total of 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) currently represent some 500 million people from 28 member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705, after the United Kingdom withdraws from the European Union on the current schedule.[3]

New law

According to the European Council, the Council agreed at ambassador level to improve the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act.

The purpose of the reform would be to improve participation in elections, raise understanding of their European character, and prevent irregular voting, while at the same time respecting the constitutional and electoral traditions of the member states.

A proposed draft would forbid "double voting" and voting in third countries; it would improve the visibility of European political parties.[4]

To avoid double voting, contact authorities would be established to exchange data on voters. This process would have to start at least six weeks before the EP elections.[4]

Parties and candidates

The Spitzenkandidat process involves the nomination by European political parties of candidates for the role of Commission President, the party winning the most seats in Parliament receiving the first opportunity to attempt to form a majority in Parliament to back their candidate (akin to how Prime Ministers are elected in national parliamentary democracies). This process was first used in 2014, and was opposed by some in the Council. The future of the process is uncertain, but the Parliament has attempted to codify the process and the parties are almost certain to select the candidates again.[5] On 23 January 2018, the Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a text stating that the Spitzenkandidat process could not be overturned, and that Parliament "will be ready to reject any candidate in the investiture procedure of the commission president who was not appointed as a Spitzenkandidat in the run-up to the European elections".[6]

In May 2018, a Eurobarometer poll suggested that 49% of the 27,601 individuals from all 28 EU countries surveyed think that the Spitzenkandidat process will help them vote in the next European elections, while 70% also think that the process requires a "real debate" on European issues.[7]

European People's Party

The incumbent, Jean-Claude Juncker, has stated he will not seek a second term as President.[8]

Party of European Socialists

PES previous candidate, Martin Schulz, left the European Parliament in 2017 to head the German Social Democratic Party, but has stepped down from the latter position in 2018.

  • Maros Sefcovic (Vice President of the Comission) announced in September bid to head Commission.[11]
  • Frans Timmermans (First Vice President of the Commission, previous Dutch Foreign Affairs Minister) announced in October bid to head Commision.[12]
  • Helle Thorning-Schmidt (former Prime Minister of Denmark) was a strong contender in 2014[13] and has been suggested again.[14]

European Green Party

Like in 2014, the Greens adopted the principle to have two leading candidates for the European Elections 2019[15]. Unlike in 2014 where the candidates were chosen through an open online primary elections, the two leading candidates will be elected by the Council of the Party in Berlin in November 2018[16]. Four people, two of them being currently MEPs, have declared their candidacy:[16]

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats

  • Guy Verhofstadt (President of the ALDE group, MEP and former Prime Minister of Belgium)
  • Sylvie Goulard (Deputy Governor at Banque de France, former French Minister of the Armed Services and MEP).[14]
  • Margrethe Vestager (Commissioner for Competition, previous Danish Minister for Economy and Interior).[14][17][18]
  • Cecilia Malmström (Commissioner for Trade, previous Commissioner for Home Affairs and Swedish Minister for European Affairs).[14]
  • Hans van Baalen (President of the ALDE Party, MEP and previous president of the Liberal International).[19]

New parties

2019 will see the debut of new parties such as Kukiz'15 of Poland, Czech Pirate Party, USR of Romania, LMŠ of Slovenia, Human Shield and Most of Croatia, L'SNS and Sme Rodina of Slovakia. For the liberals the biggest hope is that the new La République En Marche! party of French President Emmanuel Macron will choose to join ALDE after the elections.[20][21][22] However, En Marche is expected to be more likely to try to form a new parliamentary group of pro-European centrists who support Macron's plans to reform the European institutions, thus drawing away members from ALDE, EPP and S&D.[23][24] Possible partners for such a project might include Spanish Ciudadanos, Progressive Slovakia, the Hungarian Momentum Movement[23] as well as the Democratic Party of Italy whose former leader Matteo Renzi is a close ally of Macron.[25] While it is likely that En Marche will put together the minimum of 25 MEPs needed to form a group, the requirement to include MEPs from at least seven member states would be more difficult.[23]

Volt Europa, a pan-European progressive movement, will run in several countries under the same name, in the attempt to form its own group.

The Movement is an alliance of right-wing populist parties set up by Steve Bannon with the purpose of contesting the European elections. Participating parties include Lega Nord, People's Party (Belgium) and Brothers of Italy, and possibly French National Rally. Originally envisioned as an attempt to unite the right-wing populist parties in Europe, The Movement has however so far been snubbed by the Alternative for Germany[26], Freedom Party of Austria[27] and UKIP[28].

Apportionment of seats

When Brexit is delivered, the numbers of seats will be altered to what is considered by the S&D co-rapporteur as "a fairer allocation of seats, finally complying with the Lisbon Treaty and the principle of degressive proportionality".[29]

Apportionment in the European Parliament
Country 2007 2009 Dec.

2011[30]

July
2013
2014 Proposals for 2019 after the
removal of UK seats[31][32]
Cambridge Compromise Decision
(Feb 2018)
Change
from 2014
Minimising
Gini
Minimising
malapportionment
 Germany 99 99 99 99 96 96 96 96 Steady
 France 78 72 74 74 74 79 96 79 Increase 5
 United Kingdom 78 72 73 73 73 Decrease 73
 Italy 78 72 73 73 73 73 89 76 Increase 3
 Spain 54 50 54 54 54 57 70 59 Increase 5
 Poland 54 50 51 51 51 47 58 52 Increase 1
 Romania 35 33 33 33 32 27 33 33 Increase 1
 Netherlands 27 25 26 26 26 24 29 29 Increase 3
 Belgium 24 22 22 22 21 18 21 21 Steady
 Czech Republic 24 22 22 22 21 17 20 21 Steady
 Greece 24 22 22 22 21 17 20 21 Steady
 Hungary 24 22 22 22 21 16 19 21 Steady
 Portugal 24 22 22 22 21 17 20 21 Steady
 Sweden 19 18 20 20 20 16 19 21 Increase 1
 Austria 18 17 19 19 18 15 18 19 Increase 1
 Bulgaria 18 17 18 18 17 13 15 17 Steady
 Denmark 14 13 13 13 13 12 13 14 Increase 1
 Finland 14 13 13 13 13 12 13 14 Increase 1
 Slovakia 14 13 13 13 13 12 13 14 Increase 1
 Ireland 13 12 12 12 11 11 12 13 Increase 2
 Croatia 12 11 10 11 12 Increase 1
 Lithuania 13 12 12 12 11 9 9 11 Steady
 Latvia 9 8 9 9 8 8 8 8 Steady
 Slovenia 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 Steady
 Estonia 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 Increase 1
 Cyprus 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 6 Steady
 Luxembourg 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Steady
 Malta 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Steady
Total 785 736 754 766 751 639 736 705 Decrease 46

Decisions on the apportionment of seats in the Parliament are governed by article 14 of the Treaty of Lisbon. This article lays down that "The European Parliament shall be composed of representatives of the Union's citizens. They shall not exceed seven hundred and fifty in number, plus the President. Representation of citizens shall be degressively proportional, with a minimum threshold of six members per Member State. No Member State shall be allocated more than ninety-six seats."

Due to the Brexit process, the United Kingdom's 73 MEPs are expected to be removed a few months before the 2019 European Parliament election. In April 2017, a group of European lawmakers discussed what should be done about the vacated seats. One plan, supported by Enrico Letta, Gianni Pittella and Emmanuel Macron, was to replace the 73 seats with a pan-European constituency list; other options which were considered include dropping the British seats without replacement, and reassigning some or all of the existing seats from other countries to reduce inequality of representation.[31]

A plan to reduce the number of seats to 705 was approved by the Parliament in February 2018. It involves redistributing 27 seats to under-represented members, and reserving the remaining 46 for future EU expansions. A proposal by the Constitutional Affairs Committee to create a pan-member constituency was rejected by the Parliament at the same time.[3]

In January 2018, the French government unveiled a bill which would switch the country from using regional constituencies to a single nationwide constituency.[33]

Northern Ireland issue

A proposal to manage the unique situation of Ireland and in particular, Northern Ireland, created as a result of Brexit, consists of allocating the two extra MEP seats for Ireland and giving them to Northern Ireland.

In the European parliament this proposal has faced numerous critics:

  • Some (for instance in the DUP) consider this would be a dangerous precedent
  • Some consider that "any attempt by an Irish government to allow for the election of representatives to speak on behalf of Northern Ireland would renege upon commitments given as part of the Northern Ireland peace process"

Such issue might possibly need the agreement of Northern Ireland, the UK and the EU, according to Mr Kelly.[34]

The idea is supported by two nationalist parties: the Sinn Féin and the SDLP and supported by Guy Verhofstadt.[34]

Danuta Hübner (Committee on Constitutional Affairs) said: "It is amazing what you are saying because it is the Republic of Ireland which is against this idea of giving the right to vote to nationals in third countries - so we have a problem here".[34]

Seat projections

Some observers consider that the European People’s Party might remain the dominant political force in the chamber, while populists might be stronger than they were.[35] However, Eurosceptics could be the first force in the chamber according to Charles de Marcilly,[35] whilst centrist parties such as European People’s Party and the continent’s Socialists could decline.[36]

The magazine of the Young European Federalists publishes prognoses based on national polls for the upcoming European parliament if there was an election held today:

Some websites give prognoses in seats. The values of the ENF member parties before the constitution of the group in June 2015 are indicated in brackets. Since the United Kingdom notified its intention to leave the European Union in March 2017, the UK is excluded from some projections for the composition of the European Parliament.

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