百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

百 (radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

References
  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 百
variant forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation
Note:
  • báh - vernacular ("hundred");
  • báik - literary ("numerous").
Note: pah/peeh, peh/peeh - vernacular, pek/piak - literary.
Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /pɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bǎi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component		 白
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 伯
Old
Chinese		 /*praːɡ/

Definitions

百

  1. hundred
  2. numerous; countless
  3. every; all
  4. entirely; completely; at all
  5. A surname​. Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

See also
Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写)		 〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写)		 零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds
Derived terms from 百

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (百):

Others:

  • → Ai-Cham: pek⁷
  • → Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
  • → Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
百

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (pˠæk, “hundred”).

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana ひゃく, rōmaji hyaku)

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms
Idioms
  • 百 (ひゃく)に一 (ひと)つ (hyaku ni hitotsu): “one in a hundred” → something rare or unusual
  • 百 (ひゃく)も承 (しょう)知 (ち) (hyaku mo shōchi): “awareness of the hundred” → the state of being fully aware of something
Derived terms
Derived terms
Japanese numerical compounds with 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Hundreds of
百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)		 二 (に)百 (ひゃく) (nihyaku) 三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku) 四 (よん)百 (ひゃく) (yonhyaku) 五 (ご)百 (ひゃく) (gohyaku) 六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 七 (なな)百 (ひゃく) (nanahyaku) 八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku) 九 (きゅう)百 (ひゃく) (kyūhyaku)
九百 (くひゃく) (kuhyaku)		 何 (なん)百 (びゃく) (nanbyaku)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mo1mo1/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana もも, rōmaji momo)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While ho or o is only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana ほ, rōmaji ho)

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o (see below). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation

Noun

百 (hiragana お, rōmaji o, historical hiragana ほ)

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes

While momo can be used on its own, o is only used in compounds. This o was originally pronounced ho (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 七 (なな)百 (お) (nanao): seven hundred
  • 八 (や)百 (お) (yao): eight hundred; a very many
  • 九 (ここの)百 (お) (kokonoo): nine hundred
  • 八 (や)百 (お)万 (よろず) (yaoyorozu): eight million; a great multitude, a countless large number or amount

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

百 • (baek, maek)

  1. hundred.

Vietnamese

Han character

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

  1. Hán tự form of bách (“hundred”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. Hồ (1976).
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