See also: and
U+56B4, 嚴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56B4

[U+56B3]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+56B5]

Translingual

Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

(radical 30, +17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 口口一一大 (RRMMK), four-corner 66248, composition𠪚)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • KangXi: page 214, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4589
  • Dae Jaweon: page 436, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 702, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+56B4

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
*l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
*l'aːmʔ
*klaːmʔ
*klaːmʔ
*kʰlaːms
*kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
*qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
*qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
*ŋraːm
*ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
*qʰraːmʔ
*kjam
*hŋramʔ
*ŋam
*ŋamʔ
*ŋamʔ
*ŋams

Pronunciation


Note:
  • nyian2 - literary;
  • ngan2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • gân - vernacular;
  • giâm - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ian³⁵/
Harbin /ian²⁴/
Tianjin /ian⁴⁵/
Jinan /iã⁴²/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian⁴²/
Xi'an /iã²⁴/
Xining /iã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ian⁵³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ian⁵¹/
Wuhan /iɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵian³¹/
Guiyang /nian²¹/
/ian²¹/
Kunming /iɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ien²⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ie¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ne⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵiẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiam¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²¹/
Nanning /jim²¹/
Hong Kong /jim²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /giam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /ŋiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /ŋiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /ŋiam³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (145)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie 𩏩
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋɨɐm/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋiɐm/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋɨam/
Li
Rong
/ŋiɐm/
Wang
Li
/ŋĭɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋi̯ɐm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yán
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yán
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjæm ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋ(r)am/
English stern, majestic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3692
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋam/

Definitions

  1. strict, rigorous, rigid
  2. stern
  3. A surname.

Compounds


Japanese

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. Kyūjitai form of (strictness, severity, rigidity)

Readings


Korean

Hanja

(eom) (hangeul , revised eom, McCuneReischauer ŏm)

  1. strict, rigorous, rigid
  2. stern

Vietnamese

Han character

(nghiêm, ngàm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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