侍
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
侍 (radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人土木戈 (OGDI), four-corner 24241, composition ⿰亻寺)
References
- KangXi: page 101, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 589
- Dae Jaweon: page 215, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 143, character 17
- Unihan data for U+4F8D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
侍 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 侍 | |||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Characters in the same phonetic series (寺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
等 | *tɯːʔ, *tɯːŋʔ |
待 | *dɯːʔ |
寺 | *ljɯs |
持 | *l'ɯ |
峙 | *dɯʔ |
痔 | *dɯʔ |
跱 | *dɯʔ |
歭 | *dɯʔ |
洔 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ |
畤 | *dɯʔ, *tjɯʔ, *djɯʔ |
秲 | *dɯʔ, *djɯs |
庤 | *dɯʔ |
時 | *djɯ |
鰣 | *djɯ |
塒 | *djɯ |
蒔 | *djɯ, *djɯs |
榯 | *djɯ |
恃 | *djɯʔ |
侍 | *djɯs |
詩 | *hljɯ |
邿 | *hljɯ |
特 | *dɯːɡ |
Pronunciation
Compounds
Japanese
Readings
- Go-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
- Kun: さぶらい (saburai, 侍)←さぶらひ (saburafi, historical); さぶらう (saburau, 侍う)←さぶらふ (saburafu, historical); さむらい (samurai, 侍, Jōyō)←さむらひ (samurafi, historical); さむらう (samurau, 侍う)←さむらふ (samurafu, historical); はべる (haberu, 侍る)
- Nanori: つこ (tsuko); ひと (hito)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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侍 |
さむらい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
⟨sa morapi1⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /samurawi/ → /samurai/
Sound shift from saburai (see below), itself the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”, modern saburau), ultimately derived from さ (sa-, prefix meaning "early") + 守らふ (morafu, “to keep watch”, modern morau).
The shift from saburaf- → samuraf- is due to the development of the 女性語 (josei-go, “women's language”) in Middle Japanese, expected from 候 (sōrō, “service”, classical saurafu).
Alternative forms
Noun
Derived terms
- 侍気質 (samurai katagi)
- 田舎侍 (inaka-zamurai)
- 犬侍 (inuzamurai)
- 忰侍 (kase-zamurai)
- 国侍 (kuni-zamurai)
- 若侍 (waka-zamurai)
Idioms
- 黄金と侍は朽ちても朽ちぬ (kogane to samurai wa kuchite mo kuchinu)
See also
- 武士道 (bushidō, “samurai code of conduct”)
- 浪人 (rōnin, “masterless samurai”)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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侍 |
さぶらい Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
⟨sa morapi1⟩ → /saburapi/ → /saburafi/ → /saburawi/ → /saburai/
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of classical verb 侍ふ (saburafu, “to serve”).
Noun
侍 (hiragana さぶらい, rōmaji saburai, historical hiragana さぶらひ)
- (archaic) one who serves nearby:
- Synonym of 下侍 (shimosaburai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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. - Short for 侍所 (saburai-dokoro): a samurai guardhouse in the Heian period
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
Korean
Hanja
侍 • (si) (hangeul 시)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
侍 (thị)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.