vos

See also: VOS, vós, vôs, vô, voš, -vos, and v. o. s.

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch vos, from Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /fɔs/

Noun

vos (plural vosse, diminutive vossie)

  1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin vōs.

Pronunciation
  • (Balearic) IPA(key): /vus/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /bus/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /vos/

Pronoun

vos (enclitic, contracted us, proclitic us)

  1. you (plural, direct or indirect object)

Declension
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person.		 3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Danish

Pronoun

vos

  1. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of os.
    • 1926, Adolph Stender, Skovtrold, Lindhardt og Ringhof (→ISBN)
      Næ, la' vos bare inte skave vos! (...) men saa øver vi vos imens! Naar han ser vos gennem Vindvet, kommer han nok herud ...
    • 1973, Bent Rying, Alice Kennebo, København og Københavns amt
      Han har sæl brunget desse ur te vos; ...
    • 1906, Maglekilde fortæller: humoristiske fortællinger
      Jeg ka' kons mindes een eneste Gang a' han roste vos, – de' var en Da' da han ha'de trukket vos rigtig igjennem i Geveereksersis; — — der var inte en tør Trevl paa vos, saatten ha'de vi maattet hænge i en tre, fire Timmer i et Slav.

Dutch

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /vɔs/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔs

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch vos, from Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Noun

vos m (plural vossen, diminutive vosje n, feminine vossin)

  1. fox, carnivore of the tribe Vulpini
  2. red fox specifically, Vulpes vulpes
    Synonyms: gewone vos, rode vos
  3. fox fur
  4. a crafty, ingenious person
    Koen is een lepe vos, die laat zich niet in de luren leggen.
    Conrad is a sly fox, he does not allow himself to be hoodwinked.
  5. horse with red or red-brown fur
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

vos

  1. first-person singular present indicative of vossen
  2. imperative of vossen

French

Etymology

From Old French vos, probably from Latin vostros (“your, plural accusative”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /vo/
  • Rhymes: -o
  • Homophones: veau, veaux

Determiner

vos pl

  1. plural of votre
Possessee
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine
Possessor Singular First person mon1mames
Second person ton1tates
Third person son1sases
PluralFirst person notrenos
Second person votre2vos2
Third person leurleurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.

Further reading

Galician

Pronoun

vos

  1. inflection of vós:
    1. accusative
    2. dative
    3. reflexive

Interlingua

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

  1. you (plural)

Latin

Etymology

From Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

vōs

  1. you, ye, you all; nominative plural of tū
  2. you, ye, you all; accusative plural of tū

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, vestrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Vestrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of you).

Inflection

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative ego/egō tū —
genitive meī tuī suī
dative mihi/mihī, mī tibi sibi
accusative mē tē sē, sēsē
ablative mē tē sē, sēsē
vocative egō tū —
possessive meus tuus suus
Plural First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative nōs vōs —
genitive nostrī, nostrum vestrī, vestrum suī
dative nōbīs vōbīs sibi
accusative nōs vōs sē, sēsē
ablative nōbīs vōbīs sē, sēsē
vocative nōs vōs —
possessive noster vester, voster suus

Derived terms

Descendants

See also
Latin personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
SingularFirst— ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second— tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is eius eī eum eō eius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
PluralFirst— nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra,
-trum
Second— vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra,
-trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

References
  • vos in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • vos in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • vos in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • vos in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • picture to yourselves the circumstances: ante oculos vestros (not vobis) res gestas proponite
    • not to be prolix: ne diutius vos demorer

Lithuanian

Etymology

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [vos]

Adverb

vos (not comparable)

  1. hardly

Derived terms
  • vos vos
  • vos tik

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch fus, vus, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz.

Noun

vos m

  1. fox, red fox

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Dutch: vos
  • Limburgish: vósj

Further reading
  • “vos”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “vos”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, 1929

Occitan

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /vus/

Etymology

From Old Occitan vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

  1. to you (second-person plural indirect object pronoun)
  2. yourselves (second-person plural reflexive pronoun)

Old French

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

  1. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite subject pronoun)
  2. your (second-person plural or second-person singular polite possessive pronoun)
  3. yourself (second-person plural or second-person singular polite reflexive pronoun)
  4. you (second-person plural or second-person singular polite object pronoun)
    • circa 1176, Chrétien de Troyes, 'Cligès':
      qant je vos voi de tel meniere
      when I see you in such a state

Descendants

Old Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *wōs, from the oblique case forms of Proto-Indo-European *yū́.

Pronoun

vōs

  1. you (plural)

Declension

This pronoun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”).

Pronoun

vos

  1. you (plural or polite form)

Descendants

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin vōs.

Pronunciation
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈvuʃ/
  • Hyphenation: vos

Pronoun

vos

  1. 2nd person plural objective pronoun

See also
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject)		 Accusative
(direct object)		 Dative
(indirect object)		 Prepositional Prepositional
with com		 Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no)		 a
(la, na)		 lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil)		 a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos)		 as
(las, nas)		 lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Old Latin vōs, from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bos/
  • (Louisiana) IPA(key): [βos]

Pronoun

vos

  1. (archaic) An elevated form of you, either singular or plural.
  2. (parts of Latin America) a form of you, singular.

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also
Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo/la5 ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Walloon

Etymology

From Old French vos, from Latin vōs (“you, plural”), from Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronoun

vos

  1. you (singular)
  2. you (plural)

Synonyms
  • (plural): vozôtes
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