sa

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sa"

Abau

Noun

sa

  1. woman

References

  • transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Acehnese

Acehnese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *si-a, a combination of two pronominal members, Proto-Indo-European *kwih₂ and *h₂ew-/h₂en-.

Pronoun

sa

  1. how much

Derived terms


Ama

Pronunciation

Noun

sa

  1. rain

Bahnar

Etymology

From Proto-Bahnaric *caː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (to eat); cognate with Halang cha, Koho saa, Semai ca, Pacoh cha, Khmer ស៊ី (sii) and Mon (cɛˀ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /saː/

Verb

sa

  1. to eat

Balinese

Balinese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Banjarese

Banjarese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

Shortened form of asa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Derived terms


Catalan

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin sānus, from Proto-Indo-European *swā-n- (healthy; whole; active; vigorous).

Pronunciation

Adjective

sa (feminine sana, masculine plural sans, feminine plural sanes)

  1. healthy
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Latin ipsa.

Article

sa f

  1. (Balearics) nominative feminine singular of es

Further reading


Duriankere

Noun

sa

  1. water

Further reading


Duun

Noun

sa

  1. fire

Further reading


Estonian

Alternative forms

  • Sa (optional capitalization)

Etymology

Short form of sina

Pronoun

sa

  1. you, thou (personal pronoun of the second person of singular in unstressed positions)
    Mis sa teed seal? - What are you doing there?

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *te or *tun.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑ/, [ˈs̠ɑ]
  • Hyphenation: sa

Pronoun

sa

  1. (personal, archaic, poetic) you (singular; in archaic English: thou).

Synonyms

Anagrams


French

Etymology

From Old French sa, from Latin sua feminine form of suus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sa/
  • (file)

Determiner

sa f

  1. (possessive) His, her, its, one's.
    Pierre a perdu sa carte d'identité.
    Pierre has lost his identity card.
Possessee
Singular Plural
Masculine Feminine
Possessor Singular First person mon1mames
Second person ton1tates
Third person son1sases
PluralFirst person notrenos
Second person votre2vos2
Third person leurleurs
1 Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
2 Also used as the polite singular form.

Further reading

Anagrams


Galician

Etymology

Either from Proto-Germanic *saliz (house, hall),[1] or from Proto-Germanic *sēaną (to sow).[2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsa/

Noun

sa f (plural sas)

  1. generation, litter
  2. sowing season

References

  • sa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  1. Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1991–1997). Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Gredos, s.v. sala.
  2. Piel, J. M. (1973), "Betrachtungen zu hisp.-got. *sala, gal.-pg. Sáa, Sá", in Studia Iberica. Festschrift für Hans Flache. München: Francke Verlag. page 463.

Gothic

Romanization

sa

  1. Romanization of 𐍃𐌰

Guaraní

Numeral

sa

  1. hundred

Hadza

Pronunciation

Verb

sa

  1. to rain

Noun

sa

  1. the form of sako or its inflections after a determiner

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French ça

Determiner

sa

  1. this
  2. these
    • 2019 March 19, “Rankont ann Itali ant Anvwaye Espesyal Etazini ak Larisi sou Kriz Venezuela a”, in Lavwadlamerik:
      Dapre Misey Guaido, 2 peyi sa yo ap defann sèlman enterè biznis yo ak Venezuela.
      According to Mr. Guaido, these two countries are only defending their business interests in Venezuela.
  3. that
  4. those

Pronoun

sa

  1. (demonstrative) this
  2. (demonstrative) these
  3. (demonstrative) that
  4. (demonstrative) those
  5. (interrogative) what
  6. (relative) what

Derived terms


Haroi

Haroi cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Ido

Pronunciation

Determiner

sa

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of sua.
    • 1909-1910, Progreso – duesma yaro, page 40:
      Segun sa opiniono la max (maxim) importanta neceso por I.L. esas la max granda perfekteso, e ne la amaso di adheranti, [...]
      According to his opionion the most important necessity for an I.L. is the perfection, and not the amount of adherents, [...]

Indonesian

Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

Shortened form of esa, from Malay se, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Irish

Etymology

From earlier ins an, from Old Irish issin(d), from Proto-Celtic *in sindū/sindai (in the m sg/f sg dative) and *in sindom/sindam (into the m sg/f sg accusative).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sˠə/

Contraction

sa

  1. Contraction of i + an.
    Tá an fear sa bhád.The man is in the boat
    Tá na páistí ag súgradh sa tsráid.The children are playing in the street.
    Táimid inár suí sa seomra (or) tseomra.We are sitting in the room.

Usage notes

This contraction is obligatory, i.e. *i an never appears uncontracted. Used before consonant sounds only. Triggers lenition of b, c, f, g, m, and p in Munster varieties and eclipsis in the Ulster and Connacht varieties. Changes initial s to ts in feminine nouns and, in some varieties, masculine nouns.

Further reading

  • "sa" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • Entries containing “sa” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “sa” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian

Alternative forms

  • (misspelling)

Pronunciation

  • Rhymes: -a

Verb

sa

  1. third-person singular present indicative of sapere
    Giovanni sa dov'è Laura.Giovanni knows where Laura is.

Japanese

Romanization

sa

  1. Rōmaji transcription of
  2. Rōmaji transcription of

Jarai

Jarai cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Kamakan

Alternative forms

Noun

sa

  1. (Kotoxo) water

References

  • Chestmir Loukotka, La família lingüística Kamakan del Brasil
  • Márcio Silva Martins Andérbio, Revisão da família lingüística Kamakã proposta por Chestmir Loukotka (thesis, Université de Brasilia, 2007 page 52)

Ligurian

Verb

sa

  1. third-person singular present indicative of savéi

Livonian

Alternative forms

Etymology

See etymology at Finnish sinä.

Pronoun

sa

  1. you; second person pronoun, referring to the addressee

Declension

See also

References

Renāte Blumberga, Tapio Mäkeläinen, Karl Pajusalu (2013), Lībieši: vēsture, valoda un kultūra, Rīga: Līvõ Kultūr sidām, →ISBN


Lower Sorbian

Preposition

sa

  1. Obsolete spelling of za

Malay

Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Alternative forms

Etymology

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sə/
  • Rhymes: -sə,

Numeral

sa

  1. (pre-1972) Obsolete spelling of se

Derived terms


Maltese

Etymology

Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā, until; as far as; even). The form, though without doubt unusual, might be explained from earlier *ħta by assimilation in fast speech. Compare Moroccan Arabic حتى (ḥta). Compare also Spanish hasta, which, if related, might point to the existence of an obsolete Maghrebi variant *ḥastā. Joseph Aquilina preferred to derive the Maltese form from a contraction of Italian sino a, variant of fino a (until; as far as). Both may also have reinforced each other.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sa/

Preposition

sa

  1. until
    Se nħobbok sa l-aħħar nifs ta’ ħajti.
    I’ll love you until the last breath of my life.
  2. as far as

Mandarin

Romanization

sa (Zhuyin ˙ㄙㄚ)

  1. Pinyin transcription of 𠮿

sa

  1. Nonstandard spelling of .
  2. Nonstandard spelling of .
  3. Nonstandard spelling of .

Usage notes

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Masalit

Noun

sa

  1. water

References

  • Timothy Leffel, Focus constructions in Masalit (New York University, 05/31/2011)

Matal

Etymology 1

Likely from Proto-Chadic *sa (to drink).[1]

Verb

sa

  1. to drink
    Kà uwana may azà à gi, kavàw à gi tatak may, nəlay akə̀s à gi, katə̀ɗàw gi iyaw gəsà, gəgà məlok gà, kakə̀sàw gi la ahàl səla. (Mata 25:35)[2]
    For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink (lit: so I drank), I was a stranger and you welcomed me as a guest. (Matthew 25:35)
    Kəla uwabeyuwi uwana asà iyaw aŋa suwa uwanay, nəlay adàkəsay aya (Yuhana 4:13)[3]
    Everyone who drinks of this water will be thirsty again.(John 4:13)

Etymology 2

Likely from Proto-Chadic *(-)sə (to come).[4]

Verb

sa

  1. to come
    La kità Yuhana asà à waŋ, azùw aw, asà aw, ŋgaha azladza tagòɗ kà: 'Masla la masasəɗok mawisiga.' (Mata 11:18)[5]
    For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ (Matthew 11:18)
    La mavakay uwatà Yesu asà à uda la kay, ŋgaha ahàd adzà madzay la gay dərəv kà matapla tatak à azladza. (Matthew 13:1)[6]
    ​On that day Jesus came out of the house and was sitting by the sea. (Matthew 13:1)
    "à waŋ, à waŋ", tagòɗ à mamətsay, ama mamətsay ahòy atà à ahàl. (Mafətala 9:6)[7]
    Come here, come here, they said to the death, but the death flew from them (Revelation 9:6)

References

  1. Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5), Malibu: Undena
  2. http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/25#35
  3. http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/John/4#13
  4. Newman, Paul (1977) Chadic Classification and Reconstructions (Afroasiatic Linguistics; 5), Malibu: Undena
  5. http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/11#18
  6. http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Matt/13#1
  7. http://listen.bible.is/MFHWYI/Rev/9

Minangkabau

Minangkabau cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Synonyms

Derived terms


Northern Roglai

Northern Roglai cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

sa

  1. simple past of si

Norwegian Nynorsk

Verb

sa

  1. past of seia

Old French

Etymology

From Latin sua, feminine of suus.

Determiner

sa f (masculine son, plural ses)

  1. his/hers/its (third-person singular possessive)

Descendants

  • French: sa

Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swa

Conjunction

  1. so
  2. as
  3. or

Old Irish

Determiner

sa

  1. Alternative spelling of so

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

sa

  1. he, it

Adjective

sa

  1. masculine nominative singular of ta (that)

Noun

sa

  1. vocative singular of san (dog)

Palu'e

Palu'e cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *isa, *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *isa, *əsa, *asa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Papiamentu

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Portuguese saber and Spanish saber and Kabuverdianu sabe.

Verb

sa

  1. to know

Pawaia

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sá/, [sá]

Noun

sa

  1. water

References

  • Phonological Considerations of Pawaia, in Oceania Linguistic Monographs, issues 14-15 (1971)
  • Transnewguinea.org, citing both D. Trefry, A comparative study of Kuman and Pawaian (1969) and G. E. MacDonald, The Teberan Language Family, pages 111-121, in The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Area, Papua New Guinea (editor K. J. Franklin) (1973)

Rade

Rade cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Romani

Pronoun

sa

  1. all

Romanian

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *sa, from Latin sua, the feminine form of suus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sa/
  • Rhymes: -a

Determiner

sa f

  1. feminine singular of său: his/her

Pronoun

sa f (possessive pronouns)

  1. (preceded by "a") his/hers (that which is his or hers)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin ipsa (herself), feminine of ipse (himself).

Pronunciation

Article

sa f sg (plural sas)

  1. the (feminine singular definite article)

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

Etymology

anns + a'

Preposition

sa

  1. in the

Usage notes

  • This form is used before nouns beginning with b, c, g, m or p; otherwise san is used instead.

Serbo-Croatian

Preposition

sa (Cyrillic spelling са)

  1. Alternative form of s; used instead of s when the following word or group of words start with sibilants s, z, š or ž and before instrumental form of first-person pronoun ja.

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sa

  1. Replaces the accusative of any personal pronoun whenever the object, whether expressed or implied, is of the same person as the subject. Typically can be translated as the corresponding version of oneself:
    vidím sa v zrkadleI see myself in the mirror
    Koho vidíš v zrkadle? Seba.
    Whom do you see in the mirror? Myself.
  2. (reflexive) Bound with certain verbs, similar to the Italian si. The pronoun is a part of the verb.
    modliť sato pray

Usage notes

  • In regular sentences, it has to be on the 2nd position of the sentence.
    Modlím sa.
    I am praying.
  • In sentences in the past tense, sa moves to the third position while the inflected form of the verb byť takes the 2nd position.
    Modlil som sa.
    I was praying.
  • In hypothetical sentences, sa moves to the fourth position of the sentences with the inflected form of byť occupying the 3rd position and the pronoun by taking the 2nd position.
    Modlil by som sa, keby...
    I would pray, if ...

See also

Further reading

  • sa in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-sa?

  1. to take

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.


Sranan Tongo

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From English shall or borrowed from Dutch zal.

Particle

sa

  1. Verbal marker for modal aspect.
  2. Verbal marker for the future tense.
    Synonym: o

Etymology 2

From English saw.

Noun

sa

  1. A saw (tool with a serrated blade, used for sawing).

Swazi

Verb

-sá

  1. to dawn

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.


Swedish

Etymology

Apocopic form of sade

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɑː/
  • Rhymes: -ɑː

Verb

sa

  1. (colloquial) past tense of säga.

Tagalog

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sa/

Preposition

sa

  1. indirect object marker; of, from, to, at, on, in, into, onto, through, among, around, for, by
  2. used in combination with other words to form more specific prepositional phrases:
    sa pamamagitan ngby means of
    mula safrom

Tunica

Noun

sa

  1. dog

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Sino-Vietnamese word from .

Noun

sa

  1. (medicine equipment) gauze

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Verb

sa

  1. to fall (especially from the sky); to drop down; to prolapse

Welsh

Verb

sa

  1. (colloquial, South Wales) first-person singular present negative of bod
    Sa i’n gwybod.
    I don’t know.
  2. (colloquial) Contraction of basai.

Usage notes

Unlike other negative verb forms, the present negative form—and so, which is used for all other persons—is not complemented by ddim after the subject.


West Frisian

Conjunction

sa

  1. so

Further reading

  • sa (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Western Cham

Western Cham cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa

Etymology

From Proto-Chamic *sa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Numeral

sa

  1. one

Xaragure

Etymology

Compare Drehu xe (smack).

Verb

sa

  1. hit

References

  • Claire Moyse-Faurie, Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages, in Reciprocals and Reflexives: Theoretical and Typological Explorations

Xhosa

Verb

-sa?

  1. to take

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.


Zhuang

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

sa (old orthography sa, Sawndip forms )

  1. sand

Adjective

sa (old orthography sa)

  1. sandy

Zou

Noun

sa

  1. meat

References


Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-kéa.

Verb

-sá

  1. (intransitive) to dawn
Inflection
Tone H
Infinitive ukusa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukusa ukungasi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yisa -se
Plural yisani -seni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyasa, ngisa engisayo, engisa ngisa angisi engingasi ngingasi
2nd singular uyasa, usa osayo, osa usa awusi ongasi ungasi
1st plural siyasa, sisa esisayo, esisa sisa asisi esingasi singasi
2nd plural niyasa, nisa enisayo, enisa nisa anisi eningasi ningasi
Class 1 uyasa, usa osayo, osa esa akasi ongasi engasi
Class 2 bayasa, basa abasayo, abasa besa abasi abangasi bengasi
Class 3 uyasa, usa osayo, osa usa awusi ongasi ungasi
Class 4 iyasa, isa esayo, esa isa ayisi engasi ingasi
Class 5 liyasa, lisa elisayo, elisa lisa alisi elingasi lingasi
Class 6 ayasa, asa asayo, asa esa awasi angasi engasi
Class 7 siyasa, sisa esisayo, esisa sisa asisi esingasi singasi
Class 8 ziyasa, zisa ezisayo, ezisa zisa azisi ezingasi zingasi
Class 9 iyasa, isa esayo, esa isa ayisi engasi ingasi
Class 10 ziyasa, zisa ezisayo, ezisa zisa azisi ezingasi zingasi
Class 11 luyasa, lusa olusayo, olusa lusa alusi olungasi lungasi
Class 14 buyasa, busa obusayo, obusa busa abusi obungasi bungasi
Class 15 kuyasa, kusa okusayo, okusa kusa akusi okungasi kungasi
Class 17 kuyasa, kusa okusayo, okusa kusa akusi okungasi kungasi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngisile, ngisē engisile, engisē ngisile, ngisē angisanga engingasanga ngingasanga
2nd singular usile, usē osile, osē usile, usē awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
1st plural sisile, sisē esisile, esisē sisile, sisē asisanga esingasanga singasanga
2nd plural nisile, nisē enisile, enisē nisile, nisē anisanga eningasanga ningasanga
Class 1 usile, usē osile, osē esile, esē akasanga ongasanga engasanga
Class 2 basile, basē abasile, abasē besile, besē abasanga abangasanga bengasanga
Class 3 usile, usē osile, osē usile, usē awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
Class 4 isile, isē esile, esē isile, isē ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 5 lisile, lisē elisile, elisē lisile, lisē alisanga elingasanga lingasanga
Class 6 asile, asē asile, asē esile, esē awasanga angasanga engasanga
Class 7 sisile, sisē esisile, esisē sisile, sisē asisanga esingasanga singasanga
Class 8 zisile, zisē ezisile, ezisē zisile, zisē azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 9 isile, isē esile, esē isile, isē ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 10 zisile, zisē ezisile, ezisē zisile, zisē azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 11 lusile, lusē olusile, olusē lusile, lusē alusanga olungasanga lungasanga
Class 14 busile, busē obusile, obusē busile, busē abusanga obungasanga bungasanga
Class 15 kusile, kusē okusile, okusē kusile, kusē akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Class 17 kusile, kusē okusile, okusē kusile, kusē akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāsa engāsa ngāsa angisanga engingasanga ngingasanga
2nd singular wāsa owāsa wāsa awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
1st plural sāsa esāsa sāsa asisanga esingasanga singasanga
2nd plural nāsa enāsa nāsa anisanga eningasanga ningasanga
Class 1 wāsa owāsa āsa akasanga ongasanga engasanga
Class 2 bāsa abāsa bāsa abasanga abangasanga bengasanga
Class 3 wāsa owāsa wāsa awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
Class 4 yāsa eyāsa yāsa ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 5 lāsa elāsa lāsa alisanga elingasanga lingasanga
Class 6 āsa āsa āsa awasanga angasanga engasanga
Class 7 sāsa esāsa sāsa asisanga esingasanga singasanga
Class 8 zāsa ezāsa zāsa azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 9 yāsa eyāsa yāsa ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 10 zāsa ezāsa zāsa azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 11 lwāsa olwāsa lwāsa alusanga olungasanga lungasanga
Class 14 bāsa obāsa bāsa abusanga obungasanga bungasanga
Class 15 kwāsa okwāsa kwāsa akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Class 17 kwāsa okwāsa kwāsa akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingasa ngingasa ngingese ngingese
2nd singular ungasa ungasa ungese ungese
1st plural singasa singasa singese singese
2nd plural ningasa ningasa ningese ningese
Class 1 angasa engasa angese engese
Class 2 bangasa bengasa bangese bengese
Class 3 ungasa ungasa ungese ungese
Class 4 ingasa ingasa ingese ingese
Class 5 lingasa lingasa lingese lingese
Class 6 angasa engasa angese engese
Class 7 singasa singasa singese singese
Class 8 zingasa zingasa zingese zingese
Class 9 ingasa ingasa ingese ingese
Class 10 zingasa zingasa zingese zingese
Class 11 lungasa lungasa lungese lungese
Class 14 bungasa bungasa bungese bungese
Class 15 kungasa kungasa kungese kungese
Class 17 kungasa kungasa kungese kungese
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokusa engizokusa ngizokusa angizukusa engingezukusa ngingezukusa
2nd singular uzokusa ozokusa uzokusa awuzukusa ongezukusa ungezukusa
1st plural sizokusa esizokusa sizokusa asizukusa esingezukusa singezukusa
2nd plural nizokusa enizokusa nizokusa anizukusa eningezukusa ningezukusa
Class 1 uzokusa ozokusa ezokusa akazukusa ongezukusa engezukusa
Class 2 bazokusa abazokusa bezokusa abazukusa abangezukusa bengezukusa
Class 3 uzokusa ozokusa uzokusa awuzukusa ongezukusa ungezukusa
Class 4 izokusa ezokusa izokusa ayizukusa engezukusa ingezukusa
Class 5 lizokusa elizokusa lizokusa alizukusa elingezukusa lingezukusa
Class 6 azokusa azokusa ezokusa awazukusa angezukusa engezukusa
Class 7 sizokusa esizokusa sizokusa asizukusa esingezukusa singezukusa
Class 8 zizokusa ezizokusa zizokusa azizukusa ezingezukusa zingezukusa
Class 9 izokusa ezokusa izokusa ayizukusa engezukusa ingezukusa
Class 10 zizokusa ezizokusa zizokusa azizukusa ezingezukusa zingezukusa
Class 11 luzokusa oluzokusa luzokusa aluzukusa olungezukusa lungezukusa
Class 14 buzokusa obuzokusa buzokusa abuzukusa obungezukusa bungezukusa
Class 15 kuzokusa okuzokusa kuzokusa akuzukusa okungezukusa kungezukusa
Class 17 kuzokusa okuzokusa kuzokusa akuzukusa okungezukusa kungezukusa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokusa engiyokusa ngiyokusa angiyukusa engingeyukusa ngingeyukusa
2nd singular uyokusa oyokusa uyokusa awuyukusa ongeyukusa ungeyukusa
1st plural siyokusa esiyokusa siyokusa asiyukusa esingeyukusa singeyukusa
2nd plural niyokusa eniyokusa niyokusa aniyukusa eningeyukusa ningeyukusa
Class 1 uyokusa oyokusa eyokusa akayukusa ongeyukusa engeyukusa
Class 2 bayokusa abayokusa beyokusa abayukusa abangeyukusa bengeyukusa
Class 3 uyokusa oyokusa uyokusa awuyukusa ongeyukusa ungeyukusa
Class 4 iyokusa eyokusa iyokusa ayiyukusa engeyukusa ingeyukusa
Class 5 liyokusa eliyokusa liyokusa aliyukusa elingeyukusa lingeyukusa
Class 6 ayokusa ayokusa eyokusa awayukusa angeyukusa engeyukusa
Class 7 siyokusa esiyokusa siyokusa asiyukusa esingeyukusa singeyukusa
Class 8 ziyokusa eziyokusa ziyokusa aziyukusa ezingeyukusa zingeyukusa
Class 9 iyokusa eyokusa iyokusa ayiyukusa engeyukusa ingeyukusa
Class 10 ziyokusa eziyokusa ziyokusa aziyukusa ezingeyukusa zingeyukusa
Class 11 luyokusa oluyokusa luyokusa aluyukusa olungeyukusa lungeyukusa
Class 14 buyokusa obuyokusa buyokusa abuyukusa obungeyukusa bungeyukusa
Class 15 kuyokusa okuyokusa kuyokusa akuyukusa okungeyukusa kungeyukusa
Class 17 kuyokusa okuyokusa kuyokusa akuyukusa okungeyukusa kungeyukusa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngise ngingasi
2nd singular use ungasi
1st plural sise singasi
2nd plural nise ningasi
Class 1 ase angasi
Class 2 base bangasi
Class 3 use ungasi
Class 4 ise ingasi
Class 5 lise lingasi
Class 6 ase angasi
Class 7 sise singasi
Class 8 zise zingasi
Class 9 ise ingasi
Class 10 zise zingasi
Class 11 luse lungasi
Class 14 buse bungasi
Class 15 kuse kungasi
Class 17 kuse kungasi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngasa ngangasa, angasa, angangasa
2nd singular wasa wangasa, awasa, awangasa
1st plural sasa sangasa, asasa, asangasa
2nd plural nasa nangasa, anasa, anangasa
Class 1 wasa wangasa, akasa, akangasa
Class 2 basa bangasa, abasa, abangasa
Class 3 wasa wangasa, awasa, awangasa
Class 4 yasa yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa
Class 5 lasa langasa, alasa, alangasa
Class 6 asa angasa, awasa, awangasa
Class 7 sasa sangasa, asasa, asangasa
Class 8 zasa zangasa, azasa, azangasa
Class 9 yasa yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa
Class 10 zasa zangasa, azasa, azangasa
Class 11 lwasa lwangasa, alwasa, alwangasa
Class 14 basa bangasa, abasa, abangasa
Class 15 kwasa kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa
Class 17 kwasa kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa

Etymology 2

Verb

-sa

  1. (transitive) to take to
  2. (transitive) to convey, to send, to transfer
Inflection
Tone L
Infinitive ukusa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukusa ukungasi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yisa -se
Plural yisani -seni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyasa, ngisa engisayo, engisa ngisa angisi engingasi ngingasi
2nd singular uyasa, usa osayo, osa usa awusi ongasi ungasi
1st plural siyasa, sisa esisayo, esisa sisa asisi esingasi singasi
2nd plural niyasa, nisa enisayo, enisa nisa anisi eningasi ningasi
Class 1 uyasa, usa osayo, osa esa akasi ongasi engasi
Class 2 bayasa, basa abasayo, abasa besa abasi abangasi bengasi
Class 3 uyasa, usa osayo, osa usa awusi ongasi ungasi
Class 4 iyasa, isa esayo, esa isa ayisi engasi ingasi
Class 5 liyasa, lisa elisayo, elisa lisa alisi elingasi lingasi
Class 6 ayasa, asa asayo, asa esa awasi angasi engasi
Class 7 siyasa, sisa esisayo, esisa sisa asisi esingasi singasi
Class 8 ziyasa, zisa ezisayo, ezisa zisa azisi ezingasi zingasi
Class 9 iyasa, isa esayo, esa isa ayisi engasi ingasi
Class 10 ziyasa, zisa ezisayo, ezisa zisa azisi ezingasi zingasi
Class 11 luyasa, lusa olusayo, olusa lusa alusi olungasi lungasi
Class 14 buyasa, busa obusayo, obusa busa abusi obungasi bungasi
Class 15 kuyasa, kusa okusayo, okusa kusa akusi okungasi kungasi
Class 17 kuyasa, kusa okusayo, okusa kusa akusi okungasi kungasi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngisile, ngisē engisile, engisē ngisile, ngisē angisanga engingasanga ngingasanga
2nd singular usile, usē osile, osē usile, usē awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
1st plural sisile, sisē esisile, esisē sisile, sisē asisanga esingasanga singasanga
2nd plural nisile, nisē enisile, enisē nisile, nisē anisanga eningasanga ningasanga
Class 1 usile, usē osile, osē esile, esē akasanga ongasanga engasanga
Class 2 basile, basē abasile, abasē besile, besē abasanga abangasanga bengasanga
Class 3 usile, usē osile, osē usile, usē awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
Class 4 isile, isē esile, esē isile, isē ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 5 lisile, lisē elisile, elisē lisile, lisē alisanga elingasanga lingasanga
Class 6 asile, asē asile, asē esile, esē awasanga angasanga engasanga
Class 7 sisile, sisē esisile, esisē sisile, sisē asisanga esingasanga singasanga
Class 8 zisile, zisē ezisile, ezisē zisile, zisē azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 9 isile, isē esile, esē isile, isē ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 10 zisile, zisē ezisile, ezisē zisile, zisē azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 11 lusile, lusē olusile, olusē lusile, lusē alusanga olungasanga lungasanga
Class 14 busile, busē obusile, obusē busile, busē abusanga obungasanga bungasanga
Class 15 kusile, kusē okusile, okusē kusile, kusē akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Class 17 kusile, kusē okusile, okusē kusile, kusē akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāsa engāsa ngāsa angisanga engingasanga ngingasanga
2nd singular wāsa owāsa wāsa awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
1st plural sāsa esāsa sāsa asisanga esingasanga singasanga
2nd plural nāsa enāsa nāsa anisanga eningasanga ningasanga
Class 1 wāsa owāsa āsa akasanga ongasanga engasanga
Class 2 bāsa abāsa bāsa abasanga abangasanga bengasanga
Class 3 wāsa owāsa wāsa awusanga ongasanga ungasanga
Class 4 yāsa eyāsa yāsa ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 5 lāsa elāsa lāsa alisanga elingasanga lingasanga
Class 6 āsa āsa āsa awasanga angasanga engasanga
Class 7 sāsa esāsa sāsa asisanga esingasanga singasanga
Class 8 zāsa ezāsa zāsa azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 9 yāsa eyāsa yāsa ayisanga engasanga ingasanga
Class 10 zāsa ezāsa zāsa azisanga ezingasanga zingasanga
Class 11 lwāsa olwāsa lwāsa alusanga olungasanga lungasanga
Class 14 bāsa obāsa bāsa abusanga obungasanga bungasanga
Class 15 kwāsa okwāsa kwāsa akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Class 17 kwāsa okwāsa kwāsa akusanga okungasanga kungasanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingasa ngingasa ngingese ngingese
2nd singular ungasa ungasa ungese ungese
1st plural singasa singasa singese singese
2nd plural ningasa ningasa ningese ningese
Class 1 angasa engasa angese engese
Class 2 bangasa bengasa bangese bengese
Class 3 ungasa ungasa ungese ungese
Class 4 ingasa ingasa ingese ingese
Class 5 lingasa lingasa lingese lingese
Class 6 angasa engasa angese engese
Class 7 singasa singasa singese singese
Class 8 zingasa zingasa zingese zingese
Class 9 ingasa ingasa ingese ingese
Class 10 zingasa zingasa zingese zingese
Class 11 lungasa lungasa lungese lungese
Class 14 bungasa bungasa bungese bungese
Class 15 kungasa kungasa kungese kungese
Class 17 kungasa kungasa kungese kungese
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokusa engizokusa ngizokusa angizukusa engingezukusa ngingezukusa
2nd singular uzokusa ozokusa uzokusa awuzukusa ongezukusa ungezukusa
1st plural sizokusa esizokusa sizokusa asizukusa esingezukusa singezukusa
2nd plural nizokusa enizokusa nizokusa anizukusa eningezukusa ningezukusa
Class 1 uzokusa ozokusa ezokusa akazukusa ongezukusa engezukusa
Class 2 bazokusa abazokusa bezokusa abazukusa abangezukusa bengezukusa
Class 3 uzokusa ozokusa uzokusa awuzukusa ongezukusa ungezukusa
Class 4 izokusa ezokusa izokusa ayizukusa engezukusa ingezukusa
Class 5 lizokusa elizokusa lizokusa alizukusa elingezukusa lingezukusa
Class 6 azokusa azokusa ezokusa awazukusa angezukusa engezukusa
Class 7 sizokusa esizokusa sizokusa asizukusa esingezukusa singezukusa
Class 8 zizokusa ezizokusa zizokusa azizukusa ezingezukusa zingezukusa
Class 9 izokusa ezokusa izokusa ayizukusa engezukusa ingezukusa
Class 10 zizokusa ezizokusa zizokusa azizukusa ezingezukusa zingezukusa
Class 11 luzokusa oluzokusa luzokusa aluzukusa olungezukusa lungezukusa
Class 14 buzokusa obuzokusa buzokusa abuzukusa obungezukusa bungezukusa
Class 15 kuzokusa okuzokusa kuzokusa akuzukusa okungezukusa kungezukusa
Class 17 kuzokusa okuzokusa kuzokusa akuzukusa okungezukusa kungezukusa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokusa engiyokusa ngiyokusa angiyukusa engingeyukusa ngingeyukusa
2nd singular uyokusa oyokusa uyokusa awuyukusa ongeyukusa ungeyukusa
1st plural siyokusa esiyokusa siyokusa asiyukusa esingeyukusa singeyukusa
2nd plural niyokusa eniyokusa niyokusa aniyukusa eningeyukusa ningeyukusa
Class 1 uyokusa oyokusa eyokusa akayukusa ongeyukusa engeyukusa
Class 2 bayokusa abayokusa beyokusa abayukusa abangeyukusa bengeyukusa
Class 3 uyokusa oyokusa uyokusa awuyukusa ongeyukusa ungeyukusa
Class 4 iyokusa eyokusa iyokusa ayiyukusa engeyukusa ingeyukusa
Class 5 liyokusa eliyokusa liyokusa aliyukusa elingeyukusa lingeyukusa
Class 6 ayokusa ayokusa eyokusa awayukusa angeyukusa engeyukusa
Class 7 siyokusa esiyokusa siyokusa asiyukusa esingeyukusa singeyukusa
Class 8 ziyokusa eziyokusa ziyokusa aziyukusa ezingeyukusa zingeyukusa
Class 9 iyokusa eyokusa iyokusa ayiyukusa engeyukusa ingeyukusa
Class 10 ziyokusa eziyokusa ziyokusa aziyukusa ezingeyukusa zingeyukusa
Class 11 luyokusa oluyokusa luyokusa aluyukusa olungeyukusa lungeyukusa
Class 14 buyokusa obuyokusa buyokusa abuyukusa obungeyukusa bungeyukusa
Class 15 kuyokusa okuyokusa kuyokusa akuyukusa okungeyukusa kungeyukusa
Class 17 kuyokusa okuyokusa kuyokusa akuyukusa okungeyukusa kungeyukusa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngise ngingasi
2nd singular use ungasi
1st plural sise singasi
2nd plural nise ningasi
Class 1 ase angasi
Class 2 base bangasi
Class 3 use ungasi
Class 4 ise ingasi
Class 5 lise lingasi
Class 6 ase angasi
Class 7 sise singasi
Class 8 zise zingasi
Class 9 ise ingasi
Class 10 zise zingasi
Class 11 luse lungasi
Class 14 buse bungasi
Class 15 kuse kungasi
Class 17 kuse kungasi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngasa ngangasa, angasa, angangasa
2nd singular wasa wangasa, awasa, awangasa
1st plural sasa sangasa, asasa, asangasa
2nd plural nasa nangasa, anasa, anangasa
Class 1 wasa wangasa, akasa, akangasa
Class 2 basa bangasa, abasa, abangasa
Class 3 wasa wangasa, awasa, awangasa
Class 4 yasa yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa
Class 5 lasa langasa, alasa, alangasa
Class 6 asa angasa, awasa, awangasa
Class 7 sasa sangasa, asasa, asangasa
Class 8 zasa zangasa, azasa, azangasa
Class 9 yasa yangasa, ayasa, ayangasa
Class 10 zasa zangasa, azasa, azangasa
Class 11 lwasa lwangasa, alwasa, alwangasa
Class 14 basa bangasa, abasa, abangasa
Class 15 kwasa kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa
Class 17 kwasa kwangasa, akwasa, akwangasa

References

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