ja

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ja"

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Afrikaans ja (yes), from Dutch ja (yes). More at yeah.

Alternative forms

Adverb

ja (not comparable)

  1. (chiefly South Africa, informal) yes
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From the Revised Romanization of Korean (ja)

Alternative forms

Noun

ja (plural jas or ja)

  1. (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.

Anagrams


Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch ja.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jaː/

Adverb

ja

  1. yes

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old High German ja, , from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.

Adverb

ja

  1. (Uri) yes

References

  • “ja” in Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & co., page 13.

Assan

Etymology

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔaʒ (I). Compare Kott ai (I), Pumpokol ad (I), and Arin aj.

Pronoun

ja

  1. I (first-person singular subjective)

Synonyms


Catalan

Etymology

From Latin iam.

Pronunciation

Adverb

ja

  1. already, (in negative sentences) any more
  2. now, immediately, at once

Derived terms


Central Melanau

Central Melanau cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ja

Alternative forms

Numeral

ja

  1. one

Synonyms


Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, , from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Icelandic .

Adverb

ja

  1. (Sette Comuni) yes

References

  • “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse (yes).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ja/, [jɛ]
  • IPA(key): /jar/, [jæɐ̯]
  • Rhymes: -a

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

Antonyms

Noun

ja n (singular definite jaet, plural indefinite jaer)

  1. yes

Inflection


Dimasa

Noun

  1. foot

Derived terms


Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.

Pronunciation

  • (file)
  • IPA(key): /jaː/

Adverb

ja

  1. yes
    Wil je met ons meegaan? Ja, graag!
    Would you like to come with us? Yes, I'd love to!

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Noun

ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)

  1. yes
    Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
    A yes you can get, a no you already have.
    Het begon met een ja...
    It began with a yes...

Synonyms

Antonyms

Interjection

ja

  1. yes!
    "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
    Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.

Synonyms


Esperanto

Etymology

From German ja. Compare Danish jo, Swedish ju.

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Adverb

ja

  1. indeed

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

Conjunction

ja

  1. and

Synonyms


Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse , from Proto-Germanic *ja.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɛaː/

Adverb

ja

  1. yes

Antonyms

Noun

ja n (genitive singular jas, plural ja)

  1. yes

Declension

Declension of ja
n3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative ja jaið ja jaini
accusative ja jaið ja jaini
dative jai jainum jaum jaunum
genitive jas jasins jaa jaanna

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
  • (file)
  • Hyphenation: ja

Conjunction

ja

  1. (coordinating) and

Synonyms

  • sekä (used when listing things not when joining clauses)

Noun

ja

  1. AND (logic gate or connector)

Declension

Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").

Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation)
nominative ja jat
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
illative jahan jaihin
singular plural
nominative ja jat
accusative nom. ja jat
gen. jan
genitive jan jaiden
jaitten
partitive jata jaita
inessive jassa jaissa
elative jasta jaista
illative jahan jaihin
adessive jalla jailla
ablative jalta jailta
allative jalle jaille
essive jana jaina
translative jaksi jaiksi
instructive jain
abessive jatta jaitta
comitative jaineen

References

  • Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004-2005). Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja. Juva: WSOY. →ISBN.

German

Etymology

From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (yes), from Proto-Germanic *ja (yes), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (already). Cognate with Dutch ja (yes), English yea (yes, yea), Latin iam (already). More at yes.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jaː/
  • (file)
  • (file)
  • Rhymes: -aː
  • Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)

Adverb

ja

  1. yes
    Willst du das? Ja.Do you want that? Yes.
    Aber ja!Yes, of course!
  2. (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
    Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben.It obviously cannot always remain so.
    Der Peter war ja gestern krank.Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.

Usage notes

  • (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
  • (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Further reading

  • ja in Duden online

Gothic

Romanization

ja

  1. Romanization of 𐌾𐌰

Guerrero Amuzgo

Adjective

ja

  1. heavy

Pronoun

ja

  1. I

Gutnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jaː/, [jɑː]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse ek. Compare Swedish jag.

Alternative forms

  • jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)

Pronoun

ja

  1. I (first-person singular pronoun)
Inflection
inflection of "ja"
subject ja
object mi
possessive min, mein, mitt, meine

Etymology 2

From Old Norse

Adverb

ja

  1. yes
Usage notes

Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions

  • (used for yes-no questions) jo, (Lau dialect)

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

References

  • "ja" in Gutamålgildes Årdliste
  • "ja in Gustavson, H. (red.). 1972-1986. Ordbok över Laumålet på Gotland. Uppsala: AB Lundequistska Bokhandeln.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjaː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
  • (file)

Interjection

ja

  1. (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
    Jössz holnap a meccsre? - Ja.
    Are you coming to the game tomorrow? - Yep.
  2. oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
    Este nem jár a vonat. - Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
    No train is leaving in the evening. - Oh, well then let's travel by bus!
    Ezt nem is Miki küldte! - Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
    This was not sent by Miki! - Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.

Synonyms


Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian già, French déjà and Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʒa/

Adverb

ja

  1. already

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh. Akin to Finnish ja.

Conjunction

ja

  1. and

Japanese

Romanization

ja

  1. Rōmaji transcription of じゃ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of ジャ
  3. Rōmaji transcription of ぢゃ
  4. Rōmaji transcription of ヂャ

Latvian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

ja

  1. if
  2. in case

Lithuanian

Pronoun

ja f

  1. (third-person singular) instrumental form of ji.

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ja sg

  1. I

Declension


Lule Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and).

Conjunction

ja

  1. and

Further reading


North Frisian

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ja

  1. (Sylt and Mooring) they

Synonyms

  • djo (Heligolandic)
  • jo (Amrum and Fering)
  • (Halligen, Hoorning and Wiedingharde)

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and).

Pronunciation

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈja/

Conjunction

ja

  1. and

Further reading


Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jɑː/
  • (file)

Adverb

ja

  1. yes

Antonyms

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

Noun

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja or jaer, definite plural jaa or jaene)

  1. yes

References


Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse

Adverb

ja

  1. yes

Antonyms

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

Noun

ja n (definite singular jaet, indefinite plural ja, definite plural jaa)

  1. yes

References


Old French

Etymology

From Latin iam

Adverb

ja

  1. already
  2. as soon as possible
  3. quickly
  4. (with "ne") never

References

  • Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)

Pennsylvania German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Compare German ja, Dutch ja, Swedish ja.

Interjection

ja

  1. yes, yeah

Pite Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *jahw (and).

Conjunction

ja

  1. and

Further reading


Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ja/
  • (file)

Pronoun

ja

  1. I (first-person pronoun)
    Ja chcę mieć przyjaciół.
    I want to have friends.

Declension

Notes

Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in Standard Polish, but can still be heard in some dialects.

See also

  • siebie ("myself")
  • Appendix:Polish pronouns

Further reading

  • ja in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Adverb

ja (not comparable)

  1. Obsolete spelling of

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jâː/

Pronoun

(Cyrillic spelling ја̑)

  1. I
    Ja sam učio.I have studied.
  2. me
    Ovo sam ja.This is me.
Declension

Etymology 2

Borrowed from German ja.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /jâ/

Adverb

(Cyrillic spelling ја̏)

  1. (colloquial, regional) yes, yeah

Etymology 3

Interjection

ja

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of jao.
    • 1891, Srpske narodne pjesme:
Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!
O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!

Silesian

Adverb

ja

  1. yes

Antonyms


Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈja/

Pronoun

ja

  1. I (first person singular)

Usage notes

Following prepositions, ma and mi are replaced by mňa and mne respectively.

Declension

See also

References

  • ja in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Anagrams


Slovene

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German ja.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈjàː/, /ˈjáː/
  • Tonal orthography: ,

Particle

  1. (informal) yes
Synonyms
Antonyms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂

Pronoun

ja

  1. (dialectal) I
    Ja sem Slovenec.
    I am Slovenian.
Synonyms
  • jaz (Standard)
  • jst (dialectal)

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xa/

Interjection

ja

  1. representation of laughter, ha
    Also used repeatedly: jaja, jajaja

Swahili

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.

Verb

-ja (infinitive kuja)

  1. to come
  2. going to (followed by an infinitive, future, or subjunctive verb)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ja
Non-finite forms
Form Positive Negative
Infinitive kuja kutokuja
Simple finite forms
Positive form Singular Plural
Imperative njoo njooni
njoni
Habitual huja
Complex finite forms
Polarity Persons Persons / Classes Classes
1st 2nd 3rd / M-wa M-mi Ma Ki-vi N U Ku Pa Mu
Sg. Pl. Sg. Pl. Sg. / 1 Pl. / 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 14 15 / 17 16 18
Past
Positive nilikuja
nalikuja
tulikuja
twalikuja
ulikuja
walikuja
mlikuja
mwalikuja
alikuja walikuja ulikuja ilikuja lilikuja yalikuja kilikuja vilikuja ilikuja zilikuja ulikuja kulikuja palikuja mulikuja
Relative niliokuja
naliokuja
tuliokuja
twaliokuja
uliokuja
waliokuja
mliokuja
mwaliokuja
aliokuja waliokuja uliokuja iliokuja liliokuja yaliokuja kiliokuja viliokuja iliokuja ziliokuja uliokuja kuliokuja paliokuja muliokuja
Negative sikuja hatukuja hukuja hamkuja hakuja hawakuja haukuja haikuja halikuja hayakuja hakikuja havikuja haikuja hazikuja haukuja hakukuja hapakuja hamukuja
Present
Positive ninakuja
nakuja
tunakuja unakuja mnakuja anakuja wanakuja unakuja inakuja linakuja yanakuja kinakuja vinakuja inakuja zinakuja unakuja kunakuja panakuja munakuja
Relative ninaokuja
naokuja
tunaokuja unaokuja mnaokuja anaokuja wanaokuja unaokuja inaokuja linaokuja yanaokuja kinaokuja vinaokuja inaokuja zinaokuja unaokuja kunaokuja panaokuja munaokuja
Negative sikuji hatukuji hukuji hamkuji hakuji hawakuji haukuji haikuji halikuji hayakuji hakikuji havikuji haikuji hazikuji haukuji hakukuji hapakuji hamukuji
Future
Positive nitakuja tutakuja utakuja mtakuja atakuja watakuja utakuja itakuja litakuja yatakuja kitakuja vitakuja itakuja zitakuja utakuja kutakuja patakuja mutakuja
Relative nitakaokuja tutakaokuja utakaokuja mtakaokuja atakaokuja watakaokuja utakaokuja itakaokuja litakaokuja yatakaokuja kitakaokuja vitakaokuja itakaokuja zitakaokuja utakaokuja kutakaokuja patakaokuja mutakaokuja
Negative sitakuja hatutakuja hutakuja hamtakuja hatakuja hawatakuja hautakuja haitakuja halitakuja hayatakuja hakitakuja havitakuja haitakuja hazitakuja hautakuja hakutakuja hapatakuja hamutakuja
Subjunctive
Positive nije tuje uje mje aje waje uje ije lije yaje kije vije ije zije uje kuje paje muje
Negative nisije tusije usije msije asije wasije usije isije lisije yasije kisije visije isije zisije usije kusije pasije musije
Present Conditional
Positive ningekuja tungekuja ungekuja mngekuja angekuja wangekuja ungekuja ingekuja lingekuja yangekuja kingekuja vingekuja ingekuja zingekuja ungekuja kungekuja pangekuja mungekuja
Negative nisingekuja
singekuja
tusingekuja
hatungekuja
usingekuja
hungekuja
msingekuja
hamngekuja
asingekuja
hangekuja
wasingekuja
hawangekuja
usingekuja
haungekuja
isingekuja
haingekuja
lisingekuja
halingekuja
yasingekuja
hayangekuja
kisingekuja
hakingekuja
visingekuja
havingekuja
isingekuja
haingekuja
zisingekuja
hazingekuja
usingekuja
haungekuja
kusingekuja
hakungekuja
pasingekuja
hapangekuja
musingekuja
hamungekuja
Past Conditional
Positive ningalikuja tungalikuja ungalikuja mngalikuja angalikuja wangalikuja ungalikuja ingalikuja lingalikuja yangalikuja kingalikuja vingalikuja ingalikuja zingalikuja ungalikuja kungalikuja pangalikuja mungalikuja
Negative nisingalikuja
singalikuja
tusingalikuja
hatungalikuja
usingalikuja
hungalikuja
msingalikuja
hamngalikuja
asingalikuja
hangalikuja
wasingalikuja
hawangalikuja
usingalikuja
haungalikuja
isingalikuja
haingalikuja
lisingalikuja
halingalikuja
yasingalikuja
hayangalikuja
kisingalikuja
hakingalikuja
visingalikuja
havingalikuja
isingalikuja
haingalikuja
zisingalikuja
hazingalikuja
usingalikuja
haungalikuja
kusingalikuja
hakungalikuja
pasingalikuja
hapangalikuja
musingalikuja
hamungalikuja
Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive ningelikuja tungelikuja ungelikuja mngelikuja angelikuja wangelikuja ungelikuja ingelikuja lingelikuja yangelikuja kingelikuja vingelikuja ingelikuja zingelikuja ungelikuja kungelikuja pangelikuja mungelikuja
General Relative
Positive nijao tujao ujao mjao ajao wajao ujao ijao lijao yajao kijao vijao ijao zijao ujao kujao pajao mujao
Negative nisiokuja tusiokuja usiokuja msiokuja asiokuja wasiokuja usiokuja isiokuja lisiokuja yasiokuja kisiokuja visiokuja isiokuja zisiokuja usiokuja kusiokuja pasiokuja musiokuja
Gnomic
Positive naja twaja waja mwaja aja waja waja yaja laja yaja chaja vyaja yaja zaja waja kwaja paja mwaja
Perfect
Positive nimekuja tumekuja umekuja mmekuja amekuja wamekuja umekuja imekuja limekuja yamekuja kimekuja vimekuja imekuja zimekuja umekuja kumekuja pamekuja mumekuja
"Already"
Positive nimeshakuja tumeshakuja umeshakuja mmeshakuja ameshakuja wameshakuja umeshakuja imeshakuja limeshakuja yameshakuja kimeshakuja vimeshakuja imeshakuja zimeshakuja umeshakuja kumeshakuja pameshakuja mumeshakuja
"Not yet"
Negative sijaja hatujaja hujaja hamjaja hajaja hawajaja haujaja haijaja halijaja hayajaja hakijaja havijaja haijaja hazijaja haujaja hakujaja hapajaja hamujaja
"If/When"
Positive nikija tukija ukija mkija akija wakija ukija ikija likija yakija kikija vikija ikija zikija ukija kukija pakija mukija
"If not"
Negative nisipokuja tusipokuja usipokuja msipokuja asipokuja wasipokuja usipokuja isipokuja lisipokuja yasipokuja kisipokuja visipokuja isipokuja zisipokuja usipokuja kusipokuja pasipokuja musipokuja
Consecutive
Positive nikaja tukaja ukaja mkaja akaja wakaja ukaja ikaja likaja yakaja kikaja vikaja ikaja zikaja ukaja kukaja pakaja mukaja
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
  • Nominal derivations:
    • mja (comer, visitor; male servant)
    • ujaji (arrival)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse , from Proto-Germanic *ja.

Pronunciation 1

  • IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/, /ja/
  • (file)

Adverb

ja (not comparable)

  1. yes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Pronunciation 2

  • IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/

Noun

ja n

  1. a yes, an aye; a positive answer or vote

Declension

Declension of ja 
Uncountable
Indefinite Definite
Nominative ja jaet
Genitive jas jaets

Pronunciation 2

  • IPA(key): /jɑː/

Etymology 2

See jag.

Pronoun

ja

  1. (colloquial, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of jag.

Tswana

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /dʒa/

Verb

go ja (past jelê)

  1. to eat

Tz'utujil

Alternative forms

Article

ja

  1. the

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ja

  1. I

West Frisian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ja/, /jaː/

Interjection

ja

  1. yes

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ja”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zialo

Noun

ja

  1. water

References

  • Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213
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