List of mammals of Alabama

The U.S. state of Alabama is home to these known indigenous mammal species.[1] Historically, the state's indigenous species included one armadillo species, sixteen bat species, thirteen carnivore species, six insectivore species, one opossum species, four rabbit species, twenty-two rodent species, and three ungulate species.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Four of these native species have become extirpated within the state, including the American bison, cougar, elk, and the red wolf.[1][8]

There are six known introduced mammal species in the state. These include the black rat, brown rat, fallow deer, feral swine, house mouse, and nutria.[8] Several other mammal species have had verifiable sightings within the state, but are believed by biologists to be without established breeding populations. These include the California sea lion (in Mobile Bay), ring-tailed cat, and jaguarundi.[4]

Human predation and habitat destruction has placed several mammal species at risk of extirpation or extinction. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources lists the conservation status of each species within the state with a rank of lowest, low, moderate, high, and highest concern.[3][5][6][7][8]

Armadillo

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanusnine-banded armadillo
common long-nosed armadillo
DasypodidaeLow

Bats

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Tadarida brasiliensisMexican free-tailed bat
Brazilian free-tailed bat
MolossidaeHigh
Corynorhinus rafinesquiiRafinesque's big-eared batVespertilionidaeHighest
Eptesicus fuscusbig brown batVespertilionidaeLowest
Lasionycteris noctivaganssilver-haired batVespertilionidaeModerate
Lasiurus borealiseastern red batVespertilionidaeLowest
Lasiurus seminolusSeminole batVespertilionidaeLowest
Lasiurus cinereushoary batVespertilionidaeModerate
Lasiurus intermediusnorthern yellow batVespertilionidaeHigh
Myotis lucifuguslittle brown batVespertilionidaeHigh
Myotis austroripariussoutheastern myotisVespertilionidaeHigh
Myotis grisescensgray batVespertilionidaeHighest/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered
Myotis septentrionalisnorthern long-eared myotisVespertilionidaeHigh
Myotis leibiieastern small-footed myotisVespertilionidaeModerate
Myotis sodalisIndiana myotisVespertilionidaeHighest/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered
Nycticeius humeralisevening batVespertilionidaeLowest
Perimyotis subflavuseastern pipistrelle
tricolored bat
VespertilionidaeLowest

Carnivores

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Canis latranscoyoteCanidaeLowest
Canis lupuswolfCanidaeExtirpated
(now exists in Alaska, Canada, portions of the Great Lakes region and northwestern United States). Wolf sightings are very rare in Alabama.
Canis rufusred wolfCanidaeExtirpated/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered
Vulpes vulpes fulvusred foxCanidaeLowest
Urocyon cinereoargenteusgray foxCanidaeLowest
Ursus americanusAmerican black bearUrsidaeHighest/
Range limited to Mobile-Tensaw River Delta and surrounding area.

Designated as state land mammal.
Procyon lotorraccoonProcyonidaeLowest
Mustela frenatalong-tailed weaselMustelidaeHigh
Neovison visonAmerican minkMustelidaeLow
Lontra canadensisNorth American river otter
northern river otter
MustelidaeLow
Mephitis mephitisstriped skunk
polecat
MephitidaeLow
Spilogale putoriuseastern spotted skunk
polecat
MephitidaeHigh
Puma concolorcougar
mountain lion
panther
puma
FelidaeExtirpated (now exists in western American states, southern Florida and western Canada). Cougar sightings are extremely rare in Alabama.
Lynx rufusbobcatFelidaeLowest

Insectivores

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Blarina brevicaudanorthern short-tailed shrewSoricidaeModerate
Blarina carolinensissouthern short-tailed shrewSoricidaeModerate
Cryptotis parvaNorth American least shrewSoricidaeModerate
Sorex hoyiAmerican pygmy shrewSoricidaeHigh
Sorex longirostrissoutheastern shrewSoricidaeModerate
Scalopus aquaticuseastern moleTalpidaeLow

Opossum

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Didelphis virginianaVirginia opossum
North American opossum
DidelphidaeLow

Rabbits

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Sylvilagus aquaticusswamp rabbitLeporidaeLow
Sylvilagus floridanuseastern cottontailLeporidaeLowest
Sylvilagus obscurusAppalachian cottontailLeporidaeHigh
Sylvilagus palustrismarsh rabbitLeporidaeHigh

Rodents

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Tamias striatuseastern chipmunkSciuridaeLowest
Marmota monaxwoodchuck
groundhog
SciuridaeLowest
Sciurus carolinensiseastern gray squirrelSciuridaeLowest
Sciurus nigerfox squirrel
eastern fox squirrel
Bryant's fox squirrel
SciuridaeLow

Note: Alabama examples often have a black facial mask with white nose and ears.
Glaucomys volanssouthern flying squirrelSciuridaeLowest
Geomys pinetissoutheastern pocket gopherGeomyidaeHigh

Note: Geomys bursarius is pictured, however Geomys pinetis is nearly identical in appearance.
Castor canadensisNorth American beaverCastoridaeLowest
Oryzomys palustrismarsh rice ratCricetidaeLowest
Reithrodontomys humuliseastern harvest mouseCricetidaeModerate
Peromyscus polionotusoldfield mouse
beach mouse
CricetidaeModerate
Peromyscus polionotus ammobatesAlabama beach mouseCricetidaeHighest/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered.

Range limited to Fort Morgan Peninsula and Ono Island in Baldwin County.
Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsisPerdido Key beach mouseCricetidaeHighest/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered.

Range limited to the barrier island of Perdido Key in Baldwin County, Alabama and Escambia County, Florida.
Peromyscus gossypinuscotton mouseCricetidaeLowest
Peromyscus leucopuswhite-footed mouseCricetidaeLowest
Ochrotomys nuttalligolden mouseCricetidaeLowest
Sigmodon hispidushispid cotton ratCricetidaeLowest
Neotoma cinereaeastern woodrat
Florida woodrat
CricetidaeModerate
Neotoma magisterAllegheny woodratCricetidaeHigh
Microtus ochrogasterprairie voleCricetidaeModerate
Microtus pinetorumpine vole
woodland vole
CricetidaeLow
Ondatra zibethicusmuskratCricetidaeLowest
Rattus rattusblack ratMuridaeExotic/
Considered a pest species
Rattus norvegicusNorway rat
brown rat
MuridaeExotic/
Considered a pest species
Mus musculushouse mouseMuridaeExotic/
Considered a pest species
Zapus hudsoniusmeadow jumping mouseDipodidaeHigh
Myocaster coypusnutria
coypu
river rat
MyocastoridaeExotic/
Considered a pest species

Cetaceans

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Eubalaena glacialisNorth Atlantic right whaleBalaenidaeEndangered
Balaenoptera musculusblue whaleBalaenopteridaeEndangered
Balaenoptera physalusfin whaleBalaenopteridaeEndangered
Balaenoptera borealissei whaleBalaenopteridaeEndangered
Balaenoptera brydeiBryde's whaleBalaenopteridaeData deficient
Balaenoptera brydeicommon minke whaleBalaenopteridaeLeast concern
Megaptera novaeangliaehumpback whaleBalaenopteridaeLeast concern
Physeter macrocephalussperm whalePhyseteridaeVulnerable
Kogia brevicepspygmy sperm whaleKogiidaeData deficient
Kogia simadwarf sperm whaleKogiidaeData deficient
Ziphius cavirostrisCuvier's beaked whaleZiphiidaeLeast concern
Mesoplodon densirostrisBlainville's beaked whaleZiphiidaeData deficient
Mesoplodon bidensSowerby's beaked whaleZiphiidaeData deficient
Mesoplodon europaeusGervais' beaked whaleZiphiidaeData deficient
Peponocephala electramelon-headed whaleZiphiidaeData deficient
Feresa attenuatapygmy killer WhaleDelphinidaeData deficient
Pseudorca crassidensfalse killer WhaleDelphinidaeData deficient
Orcinus orcakiller whaleDelphinidaeData deficient
Globicephala macrorhynchusshort-finned pilot whaleDelphinidaeData deficient
Steno bredanensisrough-toothed dolphinDelphinidaeLeast concern
Lagenodelphis hoseiFraser's dolphinDelphinidaeLeast concern
Tursiops truncatuscommon bottlenose dolphinDelphinidaeLeast concern
Grampus griseusRisso's dolphinDelphinidaeLeast concern
Stenella frontalisAtlantic spotted dolphinDelphinidaeData deficient
Stenella coeruleoalbastriped dolphinDelphinidaeData deficient
Stenella attenuatapantropical spotted dolphinDelphinidaeData deficient
Stenella longirostrisspinner dolphinDelphinidaeData deficient
Stenella clymeneClymene dolphinDelphinidaeData deficient

Ungulates

Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Cervus canadensiselkCervidaeExtirpated
Odocoileus virginianuswhite-tailed deer
Virginia deer
CervidaeLowest
Dama damafallow deerCervidaeExotic
Sus scrofaferal swineSuidaeExotic

Note: A significant threat to the ecosystem, they compete heavily with native wildlife and destroy natural plant communities
Bison bisonAmerican bison
American buffalo
BovidaeExtirpated

Note: Domestic herds have been reintroduced on farms.[9][10][11]

References

  1. Mirarchi, Ralph E. (2004). Alabama Wildlife: Volume One. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp. 185–202. ISBN 978-0-81735-1304.
  2. Alden, Peter (1999). National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Southeastern States. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 350–375. ISBN -0-679-44683-4.
  3. "Bats". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  4. "Carnivores". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  5. "Insectivores". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  6. "Rabbits". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  7. "Rodents". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  8. "Mammals". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
  9. "On a farm in south Alabama, the buffalo roam in herds". Gadsden Times. April 2, 2000.
  10. "Former aerospace manager raising bison". The Tuscaloosa News. December 28, 1996.
  11. "Wiregrass Buffalo". WTVY 4. February 23, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
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