List of conflicts in Africa
This is a list of conflicts in Africa arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between African nations, civil wars, and wars involving non-African nations that took place within Africa. It encompasses colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence (riots, massacres, etc.), and global conflicts in which Africa was a theatre of war.
African Great Lakes
Burundi
- 1972 Burundi genocide
- October 21, 1993 – August 2005 Burundi Civil War
- December 28, 2000 Titanic Express Massacre
- September 9, 2002 Itaba Massacre
- August 13, 2004 Gatumba Massacre
- April 26, 2015 – Ongoing Burundian unrest
Rwanda
- October 1, 1990 – July 18, 1994 Rwandan Civil War
- April 7, 1994 – July 15, 1994 Rwandan genocide
Kenya
- August 3, 1914 – November 1918 East African Campaign (World War I)
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- 1952–1960 Mau Mau Uprising
- 1963–1967 Shifta War
- 1980 Garissa Massacre
- February 10, 1984 Wagalla massacre
- 2005 Turbi Village Massacre
- 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
- 2017 2017 Kenyan general election violence
South Sudan
- May 26, 2009 – ongoing Sudanese nomadic conflicts
- January 7, 2011 – ongoing Ethnic violence in South Sudan
- May 19, 2011 – ongoing Sudan–SRF conflict
- March 26, 2012 – September 26, 2012 Sudan–South Sudan Border War (Heglig Crisis)
- December 15, 2013 – February 22, 2020 South Sudanese Civil War
Tanzania
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- 1978–1979 Uganda–Tanzania War
Uganda
- January 25, 1971 Coup d'état
- July 4, 1976 Operation Entebbe
- October 30, 1978 – April 11, 1979 Uganda-Tanzania War
- April 11, 1979 Fall of Kampala
- 1980–1985 Uganda National Rescue Front
- 1982–1986 Ugandan Civil War
- 1986–1988 Uganda People's Democratic Army
- 1986–1987 Holy Spirit Movement
- 1987–ongoing Lord's Resistance Army
- 1996 Allied Democratic Forces
- 1996–2002 Uganda National Rescue Front II
Central Africa
Cameroon
- 1804–1808 Fulani War
- 1835–1836 Fula jihads
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
- March 2014 – ongoing Boko Haram insurgency
- 01 October 2016 - ongoing Anglophone Crisis
Central African Republic
- 1928–1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion
- 1987–present Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 2004–2007 Central African Republic Bush War
- 2012–present Central African Republic Civil War
- 13 April 2013 – 10 January 2014 Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration
Chad
- c. 1203–1243 Dunama Dabbalemi, of the Sayfawa dynasty, mai of the Kanem Empire, declared jihad against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest
- c. 1455–1487 Ali Gazi, ruler of the Bornu Empire, took on the Bulala nomads, defeated them, and re-captured the old Kanem capital, Njimi
- Rabih's War
- 1965–1979 Civil war in Chad
- 1978–1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict (Toyota War)
- 1979–1982 Civil war in Chad
- 1998–2002 Civil war in Chad
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- December 18, 2005 – January 15, 2010 Civil war in Chad
Congo (Republic of)
- 1665–1709 Kongo Civil War
- Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94)
- 1997–1999 Congo (Brazzaville) Civil War
- 2016–2017 The Pool War
Congo (Democratic Republic of)
- 1892–1894 Congo Arab war
- 1895–1908 Batetela rebellion
- 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 World War I
- 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 World War II
- July 5, 1960 – November 25, 1965 Congo Crisis
- 1964 Simba Rebellion
- 1960–ongoing Katanga insurgency
- March 8, 1977 – May 26, 1977 Shaba I
- May 11, 1978 – June 1978 Shaba II
- 1987–ongoing Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 1996–ongoing ADF insurgency
- October 24, 1996 – May 16, 1997 First Congo War
- August 2, 1998 – July 18, 2003 Second Congo War
- 1999–ongoing Ituri Conflict
- 2004–ongoing Kivu Conflict
- 2012–2013 M23 rebellion
- December 2013 – ongoing Batwa-Luba clashes
- 8 August 2016 – ongoing Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
Gabon
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
São Tomé and Príncipe
- February 3, 1953 Batepá Massacre
Horn of Africa
Djibouti
- November 1991 – December 1994 Djiboutian Civil War
- June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
Eritrea
- 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War
- October 3, 1935 – May 1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- February 1972 – March 1981 Eritrean Civil Wars
- September 1, 1961 – May 29, 1991 Eritrean War of Independence
- December 15, 1995 – December 17, 1995 Hanish Islands conflict
- May 6, 1998 – May 25, 2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian War
- Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict (2000–2018)
- June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
- January 1, 2010 Eritrean-Ethiopian border skirmish
Ethiopia
- c. 1285 Ifat's conquest of shewa
- 1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War
- March 1529 Battle of Shimbra Kure
- 1531 Battle of Antukyah
- October 28, 1531 Battle of Amba Sel
- April 24, 1541 Battle of Sahart
- February 2, 1542 Battle of Baçente
- April 4, 1542 – April 16, 1542 Battle of Jarte
- August 1542 Battle of the Hill of the Jews
- August 28, 1542 Battle of Wofla
- February 21, 1543 Battle of Wayna Daga
- 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War
- March 1, 1896 Battle of Adwa
- December 7, 1895 Battle of Amba Alagi
- January 13, 1895 Battle of Coatit
- October 3, 1935 – May 1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign
- July 13, 1977 – March 15, 1978 Ethio-Somali War
- September 1, 1961 – May 29, 1991 Eritrean War of Independence
- Ethiopian Civil War (1974-1991)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict (2000-2018)–Eritrean border conflict
- January 1, 2010 Eritrean-Ethiopian border skirmish
Somalia
- c. 1700 BCE Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt
- 1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War
- 1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- August 3, 1940 – August 19, 1940 Italian conquest of British Somaliland
- July 13, 1977 – March 15, 1978 Ethio-Somali War
- 1986–1991 Somali Rebellion
- January 26, 1991 – ongoing Somali Civil War
- 1994 – 2019 Insurgency in Ogaden
Indian Ocean islands
Comoros
- March 25, 2008 – March 26, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan
Madagascar
- 1883–1885 First Madagascar expedition
- 1894–1895 Second Madagascar expedition
- 1942 Battle of Madagascar (World War II)
- 1947–1948 Madagascar revolt
Mauritius
- August 20, 1810 – August 27, 1810 Battle of Grand Port
North Africa
Algeria
- 264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 – Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 1518 Fall of Tlemcen
- 1529 Capture of Peñón of Algiers
- September 14, 1769 – May 16, 1772 Danish–Algerian War
- 1830 – 1847 French conquest of Algeria
- 1835 – 1903 Pacification of Algeria
- June 10, 1940 – May 13, 1943 North African Campaign (World War II)
- May 8, 1945 Sétif and Guelma massacre
- November 1, 1954 – March 19, 1962 Algerian War
- October 1963 Sand War
- 1970 – ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- December 26, 1991 – February 2002 Algerian Civil War
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Egypt
- 1803–1807 Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
- 1881–1899 Mahdist War
- June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943: Western Desert Campaign, part of World War II
- October 29 – November 7, 1956 Suez Crisis
- June 5, 1967 – June 10, 1967 Six-Day War
- July 1, 1967 – August 7, 1970 War of Attrition
- October 6, 1973 – October 25, 1973 Yom Kippur War
- July 21, 1977 – July 24, 1977 Libyan–Egyptian War
- January 25, 2011 – ongoing 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Aftermath
- January 25, 2011 – February 11, 2011 Egyptian Revolution
- Egyptian crisis (2011–14)
- February 23, 2011 – ongoing Sinai insurgency
- November 22, 2012 – July 3, 2013 Egyptian protests
- June 28, 2013 – July 3, 2013 June 2013 Egyptian protests
- July 3, 2013 – ongoing Political violence in Egypt
- 2013 – ongoing Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
Libya
- c. 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II's Campaigns in Libya
- 264 BC – 146 BC Punic Wars
- 112 BC – 106 BC Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- Ottoman–Habsburg wars
- 1551 Siege of Tripoli
- 1793 – 1795 Tripolitanian civil war
- 1797 Action of 16 May 1797
- 1801 – 05 First Barbary War
- 1825 Sardinian-Tripolitanian war of 1825
- 1911 – 43 Libyan resistance movement
- 1911 – 12 Italo-Turkish War
- June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943 Western Desert Campaign, part of World War II
- 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War
- 1978 – 87 Chadian-Libyan conflict
- August, 1980 Tobruk incident
- May 8, 1984 Bab al-Azizia siege
- 2011 Libyan Civil War
- 2011 – ongoing Post-civil war violence in Libya
- 2014 – ongoing Second Libyan Civil War
Morocco
- 264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 739–743 Berber Revolt
- 1130–1147 Almoravid-Almohad War
- 1215–1269 Almohad-Marinid War
- 1125–1269 Almohad-Marinid War
- 1299–1370 Morocco-Tlemcen conflict
- 1415–1578 Moroccan-Portuguese conflict
- 1465 Moroccan Revolt
- 1527–1554 Wattassid-Saadian War
- September 1497 Conquest of Melilla
- 1603–1627 War of Succession
- 1554–1830 Moroccan-Turkish border conflict
- 1577 A Moroccan expedition occupied Taghaza
- 1582 A first expedition to Timbuktu was defeated
- 1591 A Moroccan expeditionary force defeated the Songhay army at Tondibi and conquered Gao, Timbuktu and Djenné
- 1554–1830 Moroccan–Turkish border conflict
- 1613–1666 Civil War
- 1844 First Franco-Moroccan War
- 1859 Spanish-Moroccan War
- 1893 Rif War
- 1909 Rif War
- 1911–1912 Second Franco-Moroccan War
- 1920–1926 Rif War
- 1914–1921 Zaian War
- 1942 North African Campaign
- 1957–1958 Ifni War
- 1963 Sand War
- 1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- 1975–1991 Western Sahara War
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Sudan
- c. 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II's campaigns in Nubia
- 23 BC The Roman prefect of Egypt invaded the Kingdom of Kush after an initial attack by the queen of Meröe, razing Napata to the ground
- 1881–1899 The Mahdist War
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
- August 18, 1955 – March 27, 1972 First Sudanese Civil War
- April 1983 – January 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War
- 1987 – ongoing Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 2003 – ongoing War in Darfur
- December 18, 2005 – January 15, 2010 Chad-Sudan conflict
- May 26, 2009 – ongoing Sudanese nomadic conflicts
- May 19, 2011 – ongoing Sudan–SRF conflict
- March 26, 2012 – September 26, 2012 Sudan–South Sudan Border War (Heglig Crisis)
- December 19, 2018 - April 11, 2019 (Sudanese 3rd Evolution)
Tunisia
- 164 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 238 Battle of Carthage
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 535 – 563 The Moorish Wars
- 629—1050s Arab–Byzantine wars
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 Tunisia Campaign (World War II)
- July 1961 Bizerte crisis
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- December 18, 2010 – January 14, 2011 Tunisian revolution
- June 26, 2015 – ongoing ISIL insurgency in Tunisia
Southern Africa
Angola
- February 4, 1961 – April 25, 1974 Angolan War of Independence
- November 11, 1975 – April 4, 2002 Angolan Civil War
Lesotho
- 1880–1881 Gun War
- 22 September 1998 – May 1999 South African intervention in Lesotho
Malawi
- August 3, 1914 – November 1918 World War I
Mozambique
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 25, 1964 – September 8, 1974 Mozambican War of Independence
- May 30, 1977 – October 4, 1992 Mozambican Civil War
- 2013–2014 Internal conflict in Mozambique
Namibia
- 1904–1907 Herero Genocide
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion
- August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 Namibian War of Independence
- 1994–1999 Caprivi conflict
South Africa
- May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815 Napoleonic Wars
- 1817–1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War
- 1830s–1840s Great Trek
- February 17, 1838 Weenen Massacre
- January 11, 1879 – July 4, 1879 Anglo-Zulu War
- 1779–1879 Xhosa Wars
- December 20, 1880 – March 23, 1881 First Boer War
- October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion
- September 4, 1939 – May 7, 1945 World War II
- March 21, 1960 Sharpeville Massacre
- August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 South African Border War
- June 16, 1976 Soweto Uprising
Swaziland
- October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War
Zambia
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
Zimbabwe
- October 1893 – January 1894 First Matabele War
- March 1896 – October 1897 Matabele and Mashona 'Revolts' Second Matabele War
- July 4, 1964 – December 12, 1979 Second Chimurenga/Rhodesian Bush War
- 1982 – 1987 'Gukurahundi' Gukurahundi
West Africa
Benin
- 1724–1727 Abomey (Dahomey) conquests
- 1726–1730 First Oyo-Dahomey War
- 1738–1748 Second Oyo-Dahomey War
- 1764 Second Ashanti-Akim War
- 1768 Yoruba-Ashanti War
- 1889–1894 France conquers Dahomey
Côte d'Ivoire
- 1883–1898 Mandingo Wars
- September 19, 2002 – March 4, 2007 First Ivorian Civil War
- 28 November 2010 – 11 April 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War
Ghana
- 1620–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War
- 1664–1665 Anglo-Dutch Wars
- 1823–1831 Anglo-Ashanti wars
- 1900 War of the Golden Stool
- 1948 Accra Riots
Guinea
- 2013 Guinea clashes
Guinea-Bissau
- 1962–1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
- 1997–1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War
Liberia
- 1989–1996 First Liberian Civil War
- 1999–2003 Second Liberian Civil War
Mali
- 647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 1075 Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire
- c. 1230–1250 Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire
- 1400 The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid
- 1433 The Tuareg invasion
- c. 1460s Songhai conquered Mema
- 1810–1818 Mopti Jihad
- 1848–1864 Initial conquests of El Hadj Umar Tall Jihad
- 1883–1886 Mandingo Wars
- 1962–1964 First Tuareg rebellion
- 1985 Agacher Strip War
- 1990–1995 Azawad insurgency and Malian civil war
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2007–2009 Second Tuareg rebellion
- 2012 – Third Tuareg Rebellion
- 2012 – ongoing Northern Mali conflict
Mauritania
- 1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Niger
- 1516–1517 Songhai Civil War
- 1916–1917 Kaocen Revolt
- 1990–1995 First Azawad insurgency
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2007–2009 Second Azawad insurgency
- 2012 Tuareg Rebellion
Nigeria
- 1578–1608 Oyo-Benin War
- 1804–1808 Fulani War
- 1835–1836 Fula jihads
- 1873 – Rafin Jaki Jihad
- 1897 Benin Expedition
- 1953–ongoing Religious violence in Nigeria
- 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War
- 1998–ongoing Communal conflicts in Nigeria (1998-present)
- 1999–ongoing Nigerian Sharia conflict
- 2009–ongoing Niger Delta conflict (2004–present)
- 2009–ongoing Boko Haram insurgency
Sierra Leone
- February 7, 1813 Action
- 1982 Ndogboyosoi War
- March 23, 1991 – January 18, 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War
Western Sahara
- October 23, 1957 – June 30, 1958 Ifni War
- 1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- October 30, 1975 – September 6, 1991 Western Sahara War
Chronological list of wars
19th century
- 1801-1807 Temne War
- 1801-1805 First Barbary War
- 1803-1805 Napoleonic Wars
- 1803-1806 War of the Third Coalition
- 1806 Battle of Blaauwberg
- 1807-1809 Anglo-Turkish War
- 1803-1806 War of the Third Coalition
- 1804-1808 Fulani War
- 1805-1811 Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
- 1806-1807 Ashanti–Fante War
- 1807-1818 Mtetwa Empire Expansion
- 1810-1818 Amadu's Jihad
- 1811-1812 Fourth Xhosa War
- 1811 Ga–Fante War
- c.1812 Battle of Shela
- 1814-1816 Ashanti–Akim–Akwapim War
- 1815 Slachter's Nek Rebellion
- 1815 Second Barbary War
- 1817-1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War
- 1818-1819 Fifth Xhosa War
- 1818-1828 Zulu wars of conquest
20th century
- 1900 War of the Golden Stool
- 1900-1920 Somaliland Campaign
- 1901-1901 French conquest of the Dendi Kingdom[1]
- 1902-1904 Kuanhama Rebellion[2]
- 1901-1902 Anglo-Aro War
- 1901-1903 Mapondera Rebellion
- 1902-1904 Bailundo revolt of 1902
- 1903-1904 British conquest of the Sokoto Caliphate[3]
- 1904-1908 Herero Wars
- 1904-1905 uprising in Madagascar
- 1905-1907 Maji Maji Rebellion
- 1906 Bambatha Rebellion
- 1906 Sokoto Uprising of 1906[4]
- 1907-1910 Dembos War of 1907-1910[4]
- 1908 Battle of Marrakech
- 1909 Second Melillan campaign
- 1909-1911 Ouaddai War
- 1910-1912 Portuguese conquest of the Kasanje Kingdom[5]
- 1911-1912 French conquest of Morocco
- 1911-1912 Italo-Turkish War
- 1912 Sirte revolt[6]
- 1914 Kolongongo War[7]
- 1914-1917 Kongo revolt[8][9]
- 1914-1921 Zaian War
- 1914-1918 African theatre of World War I
- 1914-1918 East African campaign
- 1914-1916 Kamerun Campaign
- 1914 Togoland Campaign
- 1914-1915 South West Africa campaign
- 1914-1915 Maritz rebellion
- 1915-1916 Volta-Bani War
- 1915 Chilembwe uprising
- 1915 The Bussa rebellion
- 1915-1917 Senussi Campaign
- 1916-1917 Kaocen revolt
- 1916 Battle of Segale
- 1918 The Adubi War
- 1920 Misurata-Warfalla War[10]
- 1920-1922 Jabal al-Gharbi civil war
- 1920-1926 Rif War
- 1921-1922 Rand Rebellion
- 1922 Bondelswarts Rebellion
- 1923-1932 Pacification of Libya
- 1928-1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion
- 1929-1930 Women's War
- 1930 Gugsa Wale's rebellion
- 1935-1937 Second Italo-Ethiopian War
- 1939-1945 World War II
- 1940-1943 North African campaign
- 1940-1943 East African campaign
- 1940 Battle of Dakar
- 1940 Battle of Gabon
- 1942 Battle of Madagascar
- 1943 Woyane rebellion
- 1952-1960 Mau Mau Uprising
- 1954-1962 Algerian War
- 1955-1964 Bamileke War
- 1955-1972 First Sudanese Civil War
- 1957-1958 Ifni War
- 1960-1965 Congo Crisis
- 1966-1967 Stanleyville mutinies
- 1960–present Katanga insurgency
- 1961 Bizerte crisis
- 1961-1991 Eritrean War of Independence
- 1961-1974 Portuguese Colonial War
- 1961-1974 Angolan War of Independence
- 1963-1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
- 1964-1974 Mozambican War of Independence
- 1962-1964 Tuareg rebellion
- 1963 Sand War
- 1963-1967 Shifta War
- 1963-1970 Bale revolt
- 1964 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
- 1964-1965 Simba rebellion
- 1964-1979 Rhodesian Bush War
- 1964 Zanzibar Revolution
- 1965-1979 First Chadian Civil War
- 1966-1989 South African Border War
- 1967-1970 Nigerian Civil War
- 1970–present Western Sahara conflict
- 1975-1991 Western Sahara War
- 1972-1974 First Eritrean Civil War
- 1973–present Oromo conflict
- 1974-1991 Ethiopian Civil War
- 1975-2002 Angolan Civil War
- 1975–present Cabinda War
- 1977-1992 Mozambican Civil War
- 1977 Libyan–Egyptian War
- 1977-1978 Ogaden War
- 1977 Shaba I
- 1978 Shaba II
- 1978-1979 Uganda–Tanzania War
- 1978-1987 Chadian–Libyan conflict
- 1980-1981 Second Eritrean Civil War
- 1980-1986 Ugandan Bush War
- 1981 Entumbane uprising
- 1981 Gambian coup d'état attempt
- 1982–present Casamance conflict
- 1982 Ndogboyosoi War
- 1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
- 1983-2005 Second Sudanese Civil War
- 1985 Agacher Strip War
- 1986 United States bombing of Libya
- 1987–present Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 1989-1991 Mauritania–Senegal Border War
- 1989-1997 First Liberian Civil War
- 1990-1994 Rwandan Civil War
- 1990-1995 Tuareg rebellion
- 1991-1994 Djiboutian Civil War
- 1991-2002 Sierra Leone Civil War
- 1991-2002 Algerian Civil War
- 1991–present Somali Civil War
- 1993-2005 Burundian Civil War
- 1993-1994 Republic of the Congo Civil War
- 1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
- 1994-1999 Caprivi conflict
- 1994–present Insurgency in Ogaden
- 1995–present Second Afar insurgency
- 1995 Hanish Islands conflict
- 1996–present Allied Democratic Forces insurgency
- 1996-1997 First Congo War
- 1997-1999 Republic of the Congo Civil War
- 1998-2000 Eritrean–Ethiopian War
- 1998-2003 Second Congo War
- 2000 Six-Day War
- 1998-1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War
- 1999-2003 Second Liberian Civil War
- 1999–present Ituri conflict
21st century
- 2001–present War on Terrorism
- 1997–present Islamic Terrorism in Egypt
- 2002–present Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2002–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa
- 2006 Rise of the Islamic Courts Union
- 2006–2009 Ethiopian War in Somalia
- 2007–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara
- 2009–present Islamist civil war in Somalia
- 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence
- 2015–present ISIL insurgency in Tunisia
- 2017–present Islamist insurgency in Mozambique
- 2002-2003 Conflict in the Pool Department
- 2002–2004 First Ivorian Civil War
- 2003–present War in Darfur
- 2004 French–Ivorian clashes
- 2004–present Conflict in the Niger Delta
- 2016–present Niger Delta conflict
- 2004–2007 Central African Republic Bush War
- 2004–present Kivu conflict
- 2005–2010 Chadian Civil War
- 2005–2008 Mount Elgon insurgency
- 2006-2013 Bakassi conflict
- 2007–2009 Second Tuareg Rebellion
- 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
- 2008 Invasion of Anjouan
- 2008 Kufra conflict
- 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
- 2009–present Sudanese nomadic conflicts
- 2011–present Ethnic violence in South Sudan
- 2013–present South Sudanese Civil War
- 2011–present Ethnic violence in South Sudan
- 2009 Sudan airstrikes
- 2009 Dongo conflict
- 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War
- 2011 First Libyan Civil War
- 2011–present Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
- 2011-2014 Factional violence in Libya
- 2012–present Mali War
- 2012 Heglig Crisis
- 2012-2013 M23 rebellion
- 2012 Baragoi clashes
- 2012–present Central African Republic Civil War
- 2013–present Batwa–Luba clashes
- 2013-2019 RENAMO insurgency
- 2014 Aswan tribal clashes
- 2014–present Second Libyan Civil War
- 2016-2017 Pool War
- 2016 Kasese clashes
- 2016–present Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
- 2017–present Anglophone Crisis
See also
- List of conflicts in North America
- List of conflicts in Central America
- List of conflicts in South America
- List of conflicts in Europe
- List of conflicts in Asia
- List of conflicts in the Near East
- List of conflicts in the Middle East
- List of wars
- Military history of Africa
- List of modern conflicts in North Africa (the Maghreb region)
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
References
- Shoup, John A. (2011-10-31). Ethnic Groups of Africa and the Middle East: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 266. ISBN 9781598843620.
The kingdom was able to last until 1901, when the French conquered it as part of their conquest of the Niger River/Sahara region
- Katagiri, Noriyuki (2015). Adapting to Win: How Insurgents Fight and Defeat Foreign States in War. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 197. ISBN 9780812246414.
- "Britain Sokoto Conquest 1903". www.onwar.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- "COW War List". correlatesofwar.org. Correlates of War. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
- Henige, David (1979). History in Africa. African Studies Association. p. 54.
By the time Portuguese military expeditions reached Kasanje in 1910, intent on effective occupation and "pacification," only regional chieftains, some still claiming the kinguri title, remained to resist their advance. Portuguese military commanders seized and destroyed the regalia of the kinguri position in 1912, thereby ending the history of the state by burning the symbols in which had inhered the power of its kings.
- St John, Ronald Bruce (4 June 2014). Historical Dictionary of Libya. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 316. ISBN 9780810878761.
- Association, Cheke Cultural Writers (1994). The history and cultural life of the Mbunda speaking peoples. The Association. p. 101. ISBN 9789982030069.
- Abegaz, Berhanu (2018-06-09). A Tributary Model of State Formation: Ethiopia, 1600-2015. Springer. p. 48. ISBN 9783319757803.
- Vos, Jelmer (2015). Kongo in the Age of Empire, 1860–1913: The Breakdown of a Moral Order. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 350. ISBN 9780299306243.
- Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif (2002). The making of modern Libya. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 126–131. ISBN 978-1-4384-2891-8. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
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