Indonesian noodles

Indonesian noodles are a significant aspect of Indonesian cuisine which is very diverse.[1] Indonesian cuisine recognised many types of noodles, with each regions often developed their distinct recipes.

Indonesian noodles
Stir frying mi goreng jawa in a wok.
TypeNoodle
Place of originIndonesia
Region or stateIndonesia and the Netherlands
VariationsVarious

History

Chinese influences are evident in Indonesian food, with the adoption of various Chinese noodles that developed within Chinese Indonesian cuisine such as bakmi, mie ayam and kwetiau goreng.[2] Indeed Indonesian noodles was originated from Chinese influence along with the immigration of Chinese settlers into Indonesian archipelago.[1] Nevertheless, some of this noodles such as mie goreng, has been completely assimilated into mainstream Indonesian cuisine. Thus, in consequence of Indonesian diversity, just like most of Indonesian dishes, noodles has undergone diversification and localisation according to local tastes, influences and available ingredients – from mie Aceh, Palembang mie celor, to Javanese mie Jawa. Some type of noodles, such as bihun or rice vermicelli had been integrated as ingredients within Indonesian soto ayam.

The Indonesian noodle consumption reached a new height after the advent of Indonesian instant noodle industry back in the 1970s. Since then Indonesia has become one of the world's major producers and consumers of instant noodles. Indonesia is the world's second largest instant noodle market only after China, with demand reaching 12.52 billion servings in 2019.[3] Today, instant noodles have become a staple in Indonesian households for quick hot meals. Certain brands such as Indomie have become household names, as well as rose to become a global instant noodle brand.[4]

Noodle types
Indonesian mi telur or yellow wheat and egg noodles, main ingredient for various Indonesian noodle dishes.
  • Bakmi – yellow wheat noodles with egg and meat.
  • Bihun – rice vermicelli, thin form of rice noodles.
  • Kwetiau – flat or thick rice noodles made of rice.
  • Locupan – white semi-transparent noodles made of rice flour.
  • Makaroni – dry pasta shaped like narrow tubes.
  • Mi instan – instant noodle.
  • Mi jagung – noodles made of corn starch.
  • Misoa – very thin variety of salted noodles made from wheat flour.
  • Mi tarik – (lit. pulled noodles) soft wheat flour noodles.
  • Mi telur – egg noodles.
  • Suun – transparent noodle made from starch—it can be mung bean starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca, or canna starch—and water.

Noodle dishes
Indonesian noodle dishes
Mi ayam
Kwetiau ayam
Laksa betawi
Mi kuah
Soto mi
Mi celor
I fu mi
Mi aceh
Mi goreng
Mi kangkung
Mi kari
Ketoprak
Jalangkote

Hot noodle soups
  • Bakmi kuah, bakmi noodles contains chicken broth and pork fat, chicken fat or beef fat.
  • Bihun kuah, rice vermicelli soup.
  • Cwie mi basah, noodle soup dish consists of boiled and seasoned noodles, topped with pre-cooked minced meat (usually pork or chicken) and boiled wonton.
  • Kwetiau ayam, flat noodle soup with chicken, sometimes served with pangsit (wonton) and bakso (meatball) soup.
  • Kwetiau siram sapi, flat noodle soup with slices of beef or sometimes beef offal.
  • Laksa banjar, steamed noodle-like balls, made from rice flour paste, served in thick yellowish soup made from coconut milk, ground spices and snakehead fish broth.
  • Laksa betawi, laksa contains rice vermicelli, beansprouts, and dried shrimp broth soup.
  • Laksa bogor, laksa contains rice vermicelli, beansprouts, and oncom.
  • Laksa cibinong, yellowish laksa made of coconut milk, spices, bean sprout, rice vermicelli, hard-boiled eggs, cooked shredded chicken, fried shallots, and lots of lemon-basil leaves.
  • Laksa medan, asam laksa contains flaked mackerel, wild ginger flower, lemongrass, and chili pepper.
  • Laksa tambelan, laksa made of flaked sauteed smoked mackerel tuna or skipjack tuna, spices and lump of sagoo noodles, served in spicy kerisik.
  • Laksa tangerang, laksa made of rice noodles shaped like spaghetti, chicken stock, mung beans, potatoes and chives.
  • Lakse kuah, fish curry laksa, made of sagoo noodles with mashed tongkol or mackerel tuna flesh, served in spicy coconut milk curry made of spice mixture.
  • Lakso, spicy noodle soup served in savoury yellowish coconut milk-based soup, flavoured with fish, and sprinkled with fried shallots.
  • Mi aceh kuah, soup noodle dish that made with goat meat or seafood and served with emping, slices of shallots, cucumber, and lime.
  • Mi ayam, chicken noodle soup[5] comprising a bowl of chicken stock, boiled choy sim, celery leaves, diced chicken cooked with sweet soy sauce, and fried shallots. Some variants add mushrooms and fried/boiled pangsit (wonton). Normally it is eaten with chili sauce and pickles.
  • Mi bakso, bakso meatballs served with yellow noodles and rice vermicelli in beef broth.
  • Mi cakalang, skipjack tuna noodle soup.
  • Mi celor, a noodle dish served in coconut milk soup and shrimp-based broth, specialty of Palembang city, South Sumatra.[6]
  • Mi godhog jawa, soupy variant which uses local spices and served in rich chicken broth.
  • Mi gomak, thick spicy noodle soup dish served in a coconut milk and andaliman-based broth.
  • Mi kangkung, vegetable noodle soup with kangkung (water spinach), served with bakso meatball, chicken and mushroom.
  • Mi kari kuah, soupy curry noodle dish.
  • Mi koclok, chicken noodle soup from Cirebon. It is served with cabbage, bean sprout, boiled egg, fried onion and spring onion.
  • Mi kocok, (lit: "shaken noodle"), is an Indonesian beef noodle soup from Bandung, consists of noodles served in rich beef consommé soup, kikil (beef tendon), bean sprouts and bakso (beef meatball), kaffir lime juice, and sprinkled with sliced fresh celery, scallion and fried shallot. Some recipes might add beef tripe.
  • Mi kuah, literally "boiled noodles" in English, made of yellow egg noodles with a spicy soup gravy.
  • Mi lor, noodle dish served in a thick starchy gravy—made of corn starch, spices and eggs—and thick flat yellow noodles with ngo hiang, fishcake, fish, round and flat meat dumpling, and half a boiled egg.
  • Mi ongklok, boiled noodles were made using cabbage, chunks of chopped leaves, and starchy thick soup called ‘’loh’’. Usually served with satay and tempeh.
  • Mi pangsit, noodle soup served with pangsit or soft boiled wonton.
  • Mi yamin, chicken noodle in sweet soy sauce, similar to mie ayam but with sweeter taste.
  • Soto ayam, spicy chicken soup with rice vermicelli. Served with hard-boiled eggs, slices of fried potatoes, celery leaves, and fried shallots.
  • Soto mi, noodle soup in spicy soto broth.
  • Sup makaroni, Indonesian-style macaroni soup.
  • Tekwan, bihun rice noodle with surimi fishcake akin to pempek, jicama and mushroom soup.

Dry noodle dishes
  • Bakmi goreng, fried bakmi noodles.
  • Bihun goreng, fried thin rice noodle with spices, fried shallots and chili darkened with sweet soy sauce.
  • Char kway teow, stir-fried noodle with egg, slices of sausages, fishcake, beansprouts, and less commonly with other ingredients. This noodle dish almost similar to kwetiau goreng.
  • Cwie mi, noodle dish consists of boiled and seasoned noodles, topped with pre-cooked minced meat (usually pork or chicken) and boiled wonton.
  • I fu mi, crispy deep fried thick noodle dish served in a thick savoury sauce with pieces of meat or seafood and vegetables.
  • Kwetiau bagan, fried flat noodle cooked with garlic, shrimp, fish balls, pork sausage, duck egg, bean sprouts, chives, and red chilies.
  • Kwetiau goreng, stir fried flat noodle. This noodle dish almost similar to char kway teow.
  • Mi aceh goreng, stir-fried and dry noodle dish that made with goat meat or seafood and served with emping, slices of shallots, cucumber, and lime.
  • Mi caluk, noodle dish served with a splash of thick spicy sauce made from a mixture of tomato, chili pepper or chili sauce, coconut milk, ground peanuts, spiced with shallot, garlic, lemongrass and citrus leaf, and served with pieces of vegetables, sliced cucumber and krupuk.
  • Mi campur, assorted meat noodle; yellow wheat noodle topped with an assortment of Chinese barbecue, such as Char Siew, crispy roast pork and sweet pork sausage.
  • Mi goreng, spicy fried noodle dish made of thin yellow noodles stir fried in cooking oil with garlic, onion or shallots, fried prawn, chicken, beef, or sliced of meatballs, chili, Chinese cabbage, cabbages, tomatoes, egg, and other vegetables.
  • Mi goreng Indomie, the instant version of mi goreng.
  • Mi goreng jawa, Javanese-style of mi goreng with drier and sweeter version due to addition of sweet soy sauce.[7]
  • Mi hokkien, fried noodle dish, consists of egg noodles and rice noodles stir-fried with egg, slices of pork, prawns and squid, and served and garnished with vegetables, small pieces of lard, sambal and lime.
  • Mi kari, fried curry noodle dish.
  • Mi kering, dried noodle served with thick gravy and sliced chicken, shrimp, mushrooms, liver, and squid.
  • Misoa goreng, fried misua noodle dishes.

Hot noodle rolls
  • Lumpia, spring roll made of thin paper-like or crepe-like pastry skin called "lumpia wrapper" with noodle, chicken, shrimp, egg and vegetables as filling.
  • Tee long pan, rice noodle roll served with red chilli sauce, crushed roasted-peanuts, fried onions, and dried shrimp.

Other type noodle dishes
  • Jalangkote, fried pastry with an empanada-shape and stuffed with rice vermicelli, vegetables, potatoes and eggs.[8] Spicy, sweet and sour sauce will be dipped into prior to be eaten.[9]
  • Ketoprak, vegetarian dish consisting of rice vermicelli, tofu, vegetables and rice cake served in peanut sauce.
  • Makaroni schotel, macaroni casserole that made of macaroni with cheese, potato and meat (smoked beef, sausage or tuna).
  • Martabak mi, a type of murtabak pancake that made of noodles and eggs.
  • Pastel, thin pastry dumpling filled with rice vermicelli and meat (usually chicken) mixed with vegetables (chopped carrot and beans).
  • Putu mayang, rice noodles with a mixture of coconut milk and served with liquid palm sugar.

Instant noodle brands
  • Indomie
  • Mie Sedaap
  • Supermie
  • Sarimi
  • Mi ABC
  • Pop Mie

See also

References
  1. Media, Kompas Cyber. "Sejarah Bakmi hingga Jadi Favorit di Indonesia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-06-14.
  2. Heinz Von Holzen (2014). A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking. Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd. p. 15. ISBN 9789814634953.
  3. "Global Demand, World Instant Noodles Association". instantnoodles.org. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
  4. Mah, Jeanne (2019-07-24). "How Indomie rose from a domestic Indonesian brand to become a global instant noodle icon". AsiaOne. Retrieved 2020-06-14.
  5. Von Holzen, H.; Ltd, M.C.I.P. (2014). A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking. Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited. p. 15. ISBN 978-981-4634-95-3. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  6. Kraig, B.; D, C.T.S.P. (2013). Street Food around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-59884-955-4. Retrieved September 8, 2018.
  7. "Javanese Fried Noodle (Bakmi Goreng Jawa)". http://allrecipes.co.uk. Retrieved 19 December 2017. External link in |website= (help)
  8. Lumpia Makassar Gading. "Pastel / Jalang kote". Lumpia Makassar Gading. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15.
  9. "Jalangkote Makassar Berbeda Dengan Pastel". sayareview.com. Archived from the original on 2017-01-31.
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