Timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties

This is a timeline of the Northern and Southern dynasties in China.

380s

YearDateEvent
386Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui revives the Tuoba state[1]
Later Qin: Yao Chang declares himself emperor[1]
387Later Liang: Lü Guang declares himself Duke of Jiuquan[1]

390s

YearDateEvent
393Wei: Conquered by Later Yan[2]
394Later Qin: Conquers Former Qin[1]
Later Yan: Conquers Western Yan[1]
395Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui defeats Later Yan at Canhepi (east-northeast of Liangcheng, Inner Mongolia)[1]
396Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui takes Bingzhou from Later Yan[1]
Emperor Xiaowu of Jin dies and is succeeded by Sima Dezong (Emperor An of Jin)[1]
397Southern Liang: Tufa Wugu declares himself Prince of Xiping[1]
Northern Liang: Duan Ye declares himself Duke of Jiankang in Zhangye[1]
398Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui moves his capital to Pingcheng[1]
399Northern Wei: Tuoba Gui declares himself emperor[1]
Sun En revolts[1]
Faxian leaves for India[1]

400s

YearDateEvent
400Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms): Li Gao declares himself Duke of Liang in Dunhuang[1]
Western Qin: Submits to Southern Liang and then Later Qin[3]
Southern Yan: Murong De declares himself emperor in Guanggu[4]
401Northern Liang: Juqu Mengxun kills Duan Ye and declares himself Duke of Zhangye[4]
402Huan Xuan sacks Jiankang and Sun En dies, but his lieutenant Lu Xun takes over[4]
403Later Liang: Surrenders to Later Qin[4]
404Huan Xuan declares himself emperor and dies the same year[4]
405Qiao Zong declares himself Prince of Chengdu[4]
407Xia: Helian Bobo declares himself Heavenly King[4]
Northern Yan: Gao Yun is set up as heavenly king and replaces Later Yan[4]
409Western Qin: Revived[3]

410s

YearDateEvent
410Liu Yu conquers Southern Yan[4]
411Rebel Lu Xun dies[4]
412Faxian returns from India[4]
413Jin recovers Sichuan and Qiao Zong commits suicide[4]
414Western Qin: Conquers Southern Liang[4]
416Jin takes Luoyang from Later Qin[4]
Huiyuan dies[4]
417Jin conquers Later Qin and Liu Yu takes Chang'an[4]
418Jin troops retreat from Chang'an[4]
Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms): Helian Bobo takes Chang'an[4]
419Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms): Helian Bobo leaves Chang'an[4]

420s

YearDateEvent
420Liu Yu (Emperor Wu of Liu Song) replaces the Jin dynasty with the Song dynasty[5]
421Northern Liang: Juqu Mengxun conquers Western Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)[6]
422Emperor Wu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yifu, Emperor Shao of Liu Song[5]
423Kou Qianzhi sets up the Celestial Master at Pingcheng[5]
424Emperor Shao of Liu Song is deposed and succeeded by Liu Yilong (Emperor Wen of Liu Song)[5]
426Northern Wei: Attacks Xia[5]
427Northern Wei: Takes Chang'an and sacks the Xia capital, Tongwan[5]
428Xia: Retakes Chang'an[5]

430s

YearDateEvent
430Northern Wei: Takes Luoyang from Liu Song
Western Qin: Abandons Yuanchuan and Fuhan to the Tuyuhun and relocates to Pingliang and Anding[5]
431Xia: Conquers Western Qin and are in turn conquered by the Tuyuhun[5]
433Xie Lingyun is killed[5]
434Northern Wei: Enters a marriage alliance with the Rouran[5]
Song retakes Hanzhong from Chouchi[5]
435Northern Wei: Attacks Northern Yan[5]
436Northern Wei: Conquers Northern Yan, who's sovereign Feng Hong flees to Goguryeo[5]
439Northern Wei: Conquers Northern Liang; so ends the Sixteen Kingdoms[5]

440s

YearDateEvent
442Northern Wei: Tuoba Tao takes part in a Daoist ritual to receive talisman registers[7]
445Northern Wei: Ge Wu rebels in Guanzhong[7]
446Northern Wei: Ge Wu dies[7]
Northern Wei: Cui Hao instigates proscription campaigns against Buddhism[7]
449Northern Wei: Defeats the Rouran in battle[7]

450s

YearDateEvent
450Northern Wei: Cui Hao is killed[7]
Liu Song launches a campaign against Northern Wei[7]
451Northern Wei: Tuoba Tao leads his army south to Guabu (southeast of Luhe, Jiangsu)[7]
Pei Songzhi dies[7]
453Emperor Wen of Liu Song is killed by Liu Shao, who is killed Liu Jun (Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song)[7]
Northern Wei: Construction of the Yungang Caves begin[7]
458Liu Song launches a campaign against Buddhism[7]

460s

YearDateEvent
464Emperor Xiaowu of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Ziye (Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song)[7]
465Northern Wei: Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Tuaba Hong (Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei)[7]
Emperor Qianfei of Liu Song dies[7]
466Liu Yu (Emperor Ming of Liu Song) takes power[7]
Bao Zhao is killed[7]
467Northern Wei: Conquers territory north and west of the Huai River[7]
469Northern Wei: Takes Qingzhou and Jizhou (冀州) (north Jiangsu)[7]

470s

YearDateEvent
471Northern Wei: Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei abdicates in favor of Yuan Hong (Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei)[7]
472Emperor Ming of Liu Song dies and is succeeded by Liu Yu (Emperor Houfei of Liu Song)[8]
477Emperor Houfei of Liu Song is killed by Xiao Daocheng and is succeeded by Liu Zhun (Emperor Shun of Liu Song)[8]
479Xiao Daocheng (Emperor Gao of Southern Qi) replaces Liu Song with the Southern Qi[8]

480s

YearDateEvent
482Emperor Gao of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Ze (Emperor Wu of Southern Qi)[8]
485Northern Wei: The equal-field system is implemented[8]
486Northern Wei: The Three Chiefs system is implemented[8]

490s

YearDateEvent
493Emperor Wu of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Zhaoye[8]
Northern Wei: Li Chong starts constructions in Luoyang[8]
494Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moves to Luoyang[8]
Northern Wei: Construction on the Longmen Caves begin[8]
495Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei bans Xianbei language in court[8]
498Emperor Ming of Southern Qi dies and is succeeded by Xiao Baojuan[8]
499Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei dies and is succeeded by Yuan Ke (Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei)[8]

500s

YearDateEvent
500Northern Wei: Conquers territory south of the Huai River[8]
501Emperor He of Southern Qi is enthroned in Jiangling as a rival to Xiao Baojuan[8]
502Xiao Baojuan is killed in Jiankang and Xiao Yan kills Emperor He of Southern Qi, founding his own Liang dynasty[8]
504Northern Wei: Conquers Yiyang[8]
506Northern Wei: Annexes Chouchi[9]
507Northern Wei: Is defeated by Liang dynasty at Zhongli (northeast of Fengyang, Anhui)[8]

510s

YearDateEvent
512Northern Wei: Loses Qushan (southwest of Lianyungang, Jiangsu) to Liang dynasty[10]
518Northern Wei: Song Yun departs for the Western Regions[10]

520s

YearDateEvent
520Northern Wei: Yujiulü Anagui takes shelter[10]
522Northern Wei: Song Yun returns from India with 170 Buddhist sutras[10]
523Northern Wei: The Six Frontier Towns rebel under Poliuhan Baling[10]
525Northern Wei: Yujiulü Anagui defeats Poliuhan Baling[10]
Northern Wei: Du Luozhou rebels in north Hebei[10]
526Northern Wei: Ge Rong rebels in north Hebei[10]
527Northern Wei: Xiao Baoyin rebels in Guanzhong and kills Li Daoyuan[10]
528Northern Wei: Erzhu Rong kills Yuan Zhao and enthrones Yuan Ziyou (Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei)[10]
Northern Wei: Ge Rong is defeated[10]
529Emperor Wu of Liang enters the Tongtai Monastery[10]

530s

YearDateEvent
530Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei kills Erzhu Rong but is killed by Erzhu Zhao[10]
532Northern Wei: Gao Huan enthrones Yuan Xiu (Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei)[10]
533Northern Wei: Erzhu Zhao kills himself[10]
534Northern Wei: Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei escapes to Chang'an[10]
Eastern Wei: Gao Huan sets up Yuan Shanjian as Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei[10]
535Western Wei: Yuwen Tai kills Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei and enthrones Yuan Baoju (Emperor Wen of Western Wei)[11]
536Tao Hongjing dies[11]
Eastern Wei: Chan Buddhism founder Bodhidharma dies[11]
537Battle of Shayuan: Yuwen Tai defeats Gao Huan[11]

540s

YearDateEvent
541Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials[12]
543Eastern Wei: Gao Huan defeats Yuwen Tai at Luoyang[11]
544Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor)[12]
545Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo[12]
547Eastern Wei: Gao Huan dies and Hou Jing defects to Liang dynasty[11]
548Hou Jing rebels in Shouyang and lays siege to Jiankang[11]
549Hou Jing seizes Taicheng[11]
Emperor Wu of Liang dies and is succeeded by Xiao Gang (Emperor Jianwen of Liang)[11]
Xiao Cha defects to Western Wei[11]
Eastern Wei: Conquers area south of the Huai River[11]

550s

YearDateEvent
550Western Wei: Conquers area east of the Han River (Hubei)[11]
Northern Qi: Gao Yang (Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi) replaces Eastern Wei with Northern Qi and conquers areas east of Luoyang[11]
The fubing system is introduced[11]
551Hou Jing kills Emperor Jianwen of Liang and declares himself emperor[11]
552Wang Sengbian and Chen Baxian take Jiankang[13]
Hou Jing is killed[13]
Xiao Ji declares himself emperor in Jiangling[13]
553Xiao Ji is killed by Emperor Yuan of Liang's generals[13]
Western Wei: Conquers Sichuan[13]
Northern Qi: Rouran submit after behind being defeated by Turks[13]
554Emperor Yuan of Liang is captured by Western Wei and killed[13]
555Western Liang: Xiao Cha declares himself emperor in Jiangling[13]
Wang Sengbian sets up Xiao Yuanming but Chen Baxian kills Sengbian and sets up Xiao Fangzhi (Emperor Jing of Liang)[13]
556Northern Qi: Attack on Jiankang fails[13]
Western Wei: Yuwen Tai dies[13]
557Northern Zhou: Yuwen Hu replaces Western Wei with Northern Zhou[13]
Chen Baxian replaces the Liang dynasty with the Chen dynasty[13]
558Western Liang: Takes Changsha and Wuling[13]
559Chen Baxian dies and is succeeded by Chen Qian (Emperor Wen of Chen)[13]

560s

YearDateEvent
560Northern Zhou: Yuwen Hu kills Emperor Ming of Northern Zhou and sets up Yuwen Yong (Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou)[13]
Northern Qi: Gao Yan (Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi) ousts Emperor Fei of Northern Qi and sets himself up as emperor[13]
561Northern Zhou: North Hubei is lost to the Chen dynasty[13]
Northern Qi: Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi dies and is succeeded by Gao Zhan (Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi)[13]
565Northern Qi: An attack by Northern Zhou is repulsed[14]
Northern Qi: Emperor Wucheng of Northern Qi abdicates to Gao Wei[14]
566Emperor Wen of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Bozong (Emperor Fei of Chen)[14]
568Emperor Fei of Chen is deposed[14]
569Chen Xu (Emperor Xuan of Chen) takes power[14]

570s

YearDateEvent
570Chen dynasty establishes trade relations with the Early Lý dynasty[12]
572Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou kills Yuwen Hu[14]
573Northern Qi: Loses areas north of the Changjiang to the Chen dynasty, including the Huai River valley[14]
574Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou launches proscription against Buddhism[14]
575Northern Qi: Forces are defeated by Chen dynasty at Lüliang[14]
Northern Zhou: Attacks Northern Qi[14]
576Northern Zhou: Takes Jinyang[14]
577Northern Zhou: Annexes Northern Qi[14]
578Northern Zhou: Repulses a Chen attack on Pengcheng and captures Wu Mingche[14]
Northern Zhou: Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou dies and is succeeded by Yuwen Yun (Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou)[14]
579Northern Zhou: Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou abdicates to Yuwen Chan (Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou)[14]

580s

YearDateEvent
580Northern Zhou: Seizes area north of the Changjiang[14]
Northern Zhou: Yang Jian becomes de facto holder of power[14]
Northern Zhou: Yuchi Jiong and Wang Qian rebel but fail[14]
581Sui dynasty: Yang Jian (Emperor Wen of Sui) replaces the Northern Zhou with the Sui dynasty[15]
582Emperor Xuan of Chen dies and is succeeded by Chen Shubao[15]
583Sui dynasty: Emperor Wen of Sui moves into Daxingcheng (Xi'an, Shaanxi) and abolishes the commanderies while promulgating the Kaihuang Code[15]
584Sui dynasty: Digs the Guangtong Canal[14]
587Sui dynasty: Annexes Western Liang[15]
588Sui dynasty: Launches expedition against the Chen dynasty[15]
589Sui dynasty: Takes Jiankang and annexes the Chen dynasty; so ends the Northern and Southern dynasties[15]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Xiong 2009, p. xcvii.
  2. ↑ Xiong 2009, p. 123.
  3. 1 2 Xiong 2009, p. 547.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Xiong 2009, p. xcviii.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Xiong 2009, p. xcix.
  6. ↑ Xiong 2009, p. 273.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Xiong 2009, p. c.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Xiong 2009, p. ci.
  9. ↑ Xiong 2009, p. 414.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Xiong 2009, p. cii.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Xiong 2009, p. ciii.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Taylor 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Xiong 2009, p. civ.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Xiong 2009, p. cv.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Xiong 2009, p. cvi.

Bibliography

  • Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
  • Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
  • Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 0810860538
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.