Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport

Early years

By the 1940s, it was increasingly clear that Montreal's original airport, Saint-Hubert Airport, in operation since 1927, was no longer adequate for the city's needs. The Minister of Transport purchased land at the Dorval Race Track, which was considered the best location for an enlarged airport because of its good weather conditions and few foggy days. The airport opened on September 1, 1941, as Dorval Airport/Aéroport Dorval with three paved runways. By 1946 the airport was hosting more than a quarter of a million passengers a year, growing to more than a million in the mid-1950s. During World War II thousands of Allied aircraft passed through Dorval on the way to England. At one time Dorval was the major transatlantic hub for commercial aviation and the busiest airport in Canada, with flights from airlines such as British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC). Until 1959, it also doubled as RCAF Station Lachine. Airport diagram for 1954

Growth

Air Canada airplanes parked at the old aeroquay in 1982.

In November 1960 the airport was renamed Montreal–Dorval International Airport/Aéroport international Dorval de Montréal. On December 15 of that year the Minister of Transport inaugurated a new $30 million terminal. The structure was built by Illsley, Templeton, Archibald, and Larose.^[16] At its height, it was the largest terminal in Canada and one of the biggest in the world. It was the gateway to Canada for all European air traffic and served more than two million passengers per year. Eight years later, Montréal–Dorval International Airport underwent a major expansion program. Despite this, the government of Prime Minister of Canada Pierre Elliott Trudeau (who represented a Montreal riding) predicted that Dorval would be completely saturated by 1985 and also projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually. They decided to construct a new airport in Sainte-Scholastique, what became Montréal–Mirabel International Airport. As the first phase in the transition that would eventually have seen Dorval closed, all international flights (except those to and from the United States) were to be transferred to the new airport in 1975.

The opening and closing of Mirabel Airport

On November 29, 1975, Mirabel International Airport went into service. With an operations zone of 70 km² (27 sq mi) and a buffer zone of 290 km² (110 sq mi), it became the largest airport in the world. Many connecting flights to Canadian centres were transferred to Mirabel and 23 international airlines moved their overseas activities there. As a consequence, Montréal–Dorval was repurposed to serve domestic flights and transborder flights to the United States. Mirabel's traffic decreased due to the advent in the 1980s of longer-range jets that did not need to refuel in Montreal before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. Montreal's economic decline in the late 1970s and 1980s had a significant effect on the airport's traffic, as international flights bypassed Montreal altogether in favour of Toronto Pearson International Airport. The Trudeau government had developed Mirabel Airport to handle an expected growth in international traffic and eventually, to replace Dorval. However, the extra traffic never materialized. This, combined with Dorval's closer proximity to downtown Montreal, led to the return of all scheduled air services to Dorval/Trudeau, while Mirabel ceased passenger operations in 2004. In May 2007 it was reported that the International Centre of Advanced Racing had signed a 25-year lease with Aéroports de Montréal to use part of the airport as a racetrack, the Circuit ICAR.^[17][18] At the same time the fixed-base operator Hélibellule opened a facility there which caters to private planes. The company also provides a helicopter passenger service from Mirabel to destinations in Canada and the United States.^[9][19] They operate two different types of helicopters; the Bell 222 and the Aérospatiale Gazelle.^[9]

Back to Montréal–Dorval, renaissance

An Air Canada Boeing 777-300ER performing a fly past, with Air Canada's corporate headquarters in foreground.

With all international scheduled flights returning to Montréal–Dorval in 1997, as well as charter flights in 2004, Montréal–Dorval International Airport finally became a true hub as passengers would no longer have to travel to different airports depending on the destination of their flight. The consolidation of flights to Montréal–Dorval resulted in an increase in passenger traffic, not only due to the transfer of flights but because it became easier to connect through Montreal.

Starting as Dorval Airport, then Montréal–Dorval International Airport, the airport was renamed Montréal–Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport in Trudeau's honour on January 1, 2004, by the federal government. The renaming had been announced in September 2003 by then Minister of Transport David Collenette. This move provoked some opposition, especially Quebec sovereigntists opposed to Trudeau's staunchly federalist policies. The renaming also provoked opposition from many aviation historians and enthusiasts who recalled Trudeau's role in the effort to shutter Dorval in favour of the much larger and modern Mirabel Airport, of which he was the greatest instigator of its construction.^[20] Many Montrealers still refer to Trudeau airport as "Dorval," or "Dorval Airport."^[21]

Operation Yellow Ribbon

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, Dorval Airport participated in Operation Yellow Ribbon, taking in seven diverted flights that had been bound for the closed airspace over the United States, even though pilots were asked to avoid the airport as a security measure. Mirabel International Airport also took in 10 other diverted flights totaling 17 diverted flight in the Montreal area bound for American cities.^[22]

75th Anniversary

In 2016, Montréal-Trudeau celebrated its 75th anniversary. Under the theme Service, Destinations, Passion since 1941, various activities and contests were planned throughout the year. In partnership with the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, the airport hosted the Travelling Through Time exhibition in the public hall of the US Departures area.^[23] Exhibits showcasing important milestones in the airport's history have been incorporated throughout the terminal.

Terminal expansion (2000–2007)

The international arrivals hall and baggage claim opened in 2005.

International jetty under construction in 2004.

Montréal–Trudeau underwent a major expansion and modernization designed to increase the terminal's capacity and substantially enhance the level of passenger service. In February 2000, with a budget of CAD716 million, ADM announced plans for an extensive expansion plan that would bring Montréal–Trudeau up to standard with other North American airports its size. The airport terminal had for the most part remained the same, with the exception of minor renovations, since its opening in 1960. With increased passenger volume resulting from the transfer of international scheduled passengers from Mirabel Airport in 1997, as well as Air Canada's intentions to make Montréal–Trudeau its Eastern Canada hub, there was a strong need to greatly expand the terminal, whose capacity of roughly 7 million passengers per year had been exceeded.

The expansion program included the construction of several brand-new facilities, including a jetty for flights to the United States (US Preclearance Terminal), another for other international destinations (International Terminal) and a huge international arrivals complex. An 18-gate Transborder Concourse opened in 2003,^[24] an 11-gate International Concourse opened in 2004,^[24] new customs hall and baggage claim area for non-domestic flights and an expanded parking garage opened in 2005.^[24] Additionally, sections of the domestic area were renovated and expanded in 2007, accompanied with additional retail space.^[24] The International part of the Aeroquay satellite was demolished in 2008, leaving the domestic part for regional carriers.^[24] The completion of the CAD716 million expansion gives Montréal–Trudeau the ability to serve 15 million passengers a year.^[25] This ironically accomplished one of the goals that was to be met with the construction of Mirabel. (In the 1970s, the federal government projected that 20 million passengers would be passing through Montreal's airports annually by 1985, with 17 million through Mirabel). Aéroports de Montréal financed all of these improvements itself, with no government grants. By the end of 2007, CAD1.5 billion had been spent to upgrade Montréal–Trudeau.^[26]

Air France A380 at gate 55.

The last round of construction in this phase was to allow the airport to accommodate the Airbus A380. Gate 55, part of the international jetty, has been conceived for handling the A380. It is equipped with two air bridges to load and unload passengers on both decks of the A380 simultaneously. With Phase II of the international jetty expansion now completed, the airport have two additional A380 gates, although there are currently no airlines operating this type of aircraft at the airport.

Air France became the first operator of the type in Montreal on April 22, 2011, when they officially launched their daily A380 service from Paris.^[27] A380 service was reduced to 4 weekly flights during summer 2012 and withdrawn in October 2012, due to low demand for business class and a high level of competition, with Air Canada, Air Transat and Corsair also operating Montreal–Paris flights. It is noted that market is dominated by low cost airlines such as Corsair, Level and soon Primera air, therefore there's more demand by low cost and leisure travellers.

New hotel, transborder terminal expansion and modernization (2006–2009)

The new Marriott hotel and U.S. Departures wing.

On June 15, 2006, construction began on a new four-star Marriott hotel at the airport, above the transborder terminal. Originally scheduled to be completed by September 2008, the 279 first-class room hotel opened its doors on August 19, 2009. Construction was slowed down because of the recession and a collapse in the Transborder market. It contains an underground train station that was planned to eventually connect the airport with downtown Montreal as well as ADM's corporate headquarters.

On the same day, Montreal–Trudeau airport opened the doors to the refurbished, expanded, modernized and user-friendly transborder terminal, meeting the industry's highest standards. This increased the total area of the terminal from 9,320 to 18,122 m² (100,320 to 195,060 sq ft). Furthermore, the terminal is equipped with a new baggage sorting room which allows U.S. customs officers to retrieve luggage for secondary inspection.^[26]

International terminal expansion (2011–2016)

Airport overview with the expansion of the international jetty under construction (2014)

In July 2011, James Cherry, the CEO of Aéroports de Montréal, announced the construction of a two-phase expansion of Montréal–Trudeau's international terminal. The total cost of the project, now completed, has been around $620 million.^[28][29]

Phase I of this project, which was completed on December 20, 2012, opened a new boarding lounge which can accommodate as many as 420 passengers, along with a new gate, numbered 62. It was officially completed at a cost of $270 million. The new gate can accommodate three Passenger Transfer Vehicles, allowing passengers to be transferred from the terminal to an aircraft parked on a remote stand nearby. When phase II of the expansion began in 2014, this gate was closed to passengers. It was reopened with the inauguration of the extension two years later.

Phase II of the project, which was officially inaugurated on May 10, 2016 and put into service two days after, added six new contact gates for wide-body jets, including two for the Airbus A380, increasing the total number of contact gates from 10 to 16. This expansion holds gates 63 through 68. The area has 20,000 m² of open spaces, restaurants, shops and a children's playground area. It took two years to complete and opened four months ahead of the original schedule for a total cost of $350 million. It was conceived by Humà Design and integrates three massive art installations and four vitrines showcasing Montreal's museums. The extension of the international jetty was built to alleviate the high level of congestion on the tarmac and in the terminal.^[30]

The newly built expansion of the international jetty

Apart from these expansions, ADM inaugurated in April 2016, a commercial area between gate 52 and 53. This area is called Haltes gourmandes (English: gourmet stops) referring to the large number of restaurants located there. The new restaurants are all owned by SSP Canada Food Service Inc. They operate 12 locations in the terminal, managing a total of 4000 m² of terminal area. SSP invested over $200 million throughout 2016 in its airport locations.^[31]

Future projects 2018-2030

In January 2016, ADM published a call for tenders on their website regarding the restoration and upgrade of the curtain wall of the main façade on the terminal.^[32] This part of the airport is one of the oldest remaining parts of the original terminal.

Also, according to the 2013-2033 Master plan from ADM, the following future developments are in the works:

• Increase in the capacity of the passenger curb-side areas;
• Development of a network of taxiways in the centre-west portion of the airport to support the development of a new air cargo handling area and an industrial development zone;
• Reconfiguration of the international arrivals hall and of the domestic and international departures luggage room;
• Extension of the transborder jetty and addition of a remote parking^[33]

On April 30, 2018, a massive new expansion project was unveiled that will last until 2030. The first phase ($2.5 billion) will see the airport's multi-level parking lot demolished and rebuilt with a green roof and an REM station underneath. The drop-off area will be greatly expanded and covered with glass, and a new remote terminal will be built where runway 10/28 used to stand. By 2030, the remote terminal will be connected via future phases to the current terminal building to handle the expected growth. ADM CEO Philippe Rainville stated "the airport's growth has been about double the international average in recent years [so the] goal is to meet the growth projections of the airport."^[34]

Runways

There are currently three runways in operation at Montréal-Trudeau, two parallel runways aligned both in a North-South direction and one single runway in an East-West direction.

Terminal

One of the biggest duty-free shops in Canada, The Loop, seen here near gate 51.

Montréal-Trudeau airport consists of one two-storied terminal, divided into four different zones: the public area (departures and arrivals level), the domestic jetty, the international jetty and the transborder jetty. There are two distinct areas in the public part of the airport (departure level); one is dedicated for the check-in of flights within or outside Canada (except U.S.) and the other one is for flights departing for the U.S. Both public areas are equipped with self-service check-in kiosks, a prayer area, shops and cafés. There is free Wi-Fi throughout the airport, luggage trolleys, ATMs and nursing rooms. When passengers arrive at Montréal-Trudeau from an international destination, they are welcomed into a huge and bright arrival complex, before passing through primary customs inspection, then go down one level to the baggage claim area and finally the international arrivals public area. The Aérogalerie program places artworks throughout the airport to showcase the city's artistic and cultural history. Works throughout the airport include showcases, illuminated columns, temporary exhibitions in the international arrival complex and permanent collection from various artists from the city.

The far end of the domestic jetty on a quiet afternoon.

The domestic jetty, which is accessible via security checkpoint A, is divided into two parts: a satellite jetty connected by an underground tunnel to the main terminal and a wing attached to the main terminal building. The main jetty holds 16 gates: 1 through 12, 15, and 47 through 49. The satellite jetty holds another 10 gates: 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 32 and 34. There are only two boarding bridges located inside the satellite (17 and 21) as the other gates are mostly used for prop aircraft like the Bombardier Dash 8 family. These parts of the airport are the only departure areas remaining that were part of the original terminal.

The international jetty near The Loop.

The International jetty, also accessible via the security checkpoint A, is dedicated to flights with destinations outside Canada and United States. This jetty holds 18 gates: 50 through 53 and 55 through 68. Gates 53 and 62 are used exclusively for Passenger Transfer Vehicles. In this area, travellers can shop, eat and relax with a wide varieties of boutiques, restaurants, cafés and one of the biggest airport duty-free shops in Canada. There is also a Balnea SPA branch^[35] which offers travelers various spa facilities. At the far end of the jetty, there is a wide open space with a lot of natural lights through floor to ceilings windows and a big skylight in the rooftop. The masterpiece of the jetty is a work of art, called Veil of Glass, composed of different coloured glass triangles illuminated by spotlights, created by local artist ATOMIC3. Several murals and other works of art are also located in this jetty, including four from various Montréal museums.^[36]

The international jetty near gate 63.

In the international jetty, there is a large area where passengers can relax before their flight. Travelers are able to download to their smartphone or e-reader the first chapter of any books available on the platform Lire vous transporte. After that, they can choose to buy the entire book through the Wi-Fi network in the airport. A rest area has been constructed near gate 57 in order to read these books in a calm environment, with cushions and dimmed lights.^[37] There are over 1000 chairs with charging stations and USB ports throughout the jetty as well as three water bottle-filling stations.

The interior of the U.S. Departures wing.

Lastly, there is a jetty dedicated to all U.S. bound flights, which holds 18 gates: 72 through 89. For access to gate 87, 88 or 89, passengers must go down one level via an escalator. Gate 56, 58 and 60 (part of the international jetty) can also be used for a U.S. bound flight. They can be isolated from the other gates by moving glass walls known as swing gates. Unlike other jetties, the transborder jetty requires passengers to go through security checkpoint C and then the U.S. Customs and Border Protection and lastly through the duty-free shop before accessing their gates. The gate area contains the same services as the other parts of the airport such as shops, restaurants, rest zones and cafés. If needed, some gates can be isolated in order to offer additional security checkpoints if an aircraft flies to a potential risk zone like Washington–National.

Airport lounges

Several parked planes at dusk at Montréal-Trudeau.

Two major airline alliances (Star Alliance and SkyTeam) have a large presence at Montréal-Trudeau, and therefore both maintain frequent flyer lounges within the airport. There are also two "Pay-In" lounges open for use by all passengers, regardless of airline, frequent flyer status, or class of travel. Some airlines that are not members of Star Alliance or Skyteam send their business class passengers to the latter two lounges.

• Air Canada Maple Leaf Lounge (Star Alliance)^[38]
  • Domestic (Gate 2)
  • International (Gate 52)
  • USA Transborder (Between gates 73 and 74)
• Air France/KLM Lounge (SkyTeam) (Near gate 57)^[39]
• National Bank World Elite MasterCard Lounge – VIP Lounge (Near gate 53)^[40]
  • National Bank World Elite MasterCard cardholders can enjoy free access to the VIP Lounge with a guest by presenting their credit card.
  • WestJet passengers with a valid boarding pass may use this lounge for a fee.^[41]
• Desjardins Odyssey Lounge (Near gate 63)^[42]
  • Odyssey Visa Infinite Privilege cardholders get 12 free passes to the lounge per year.^[43]
  • Odyssey World Elite MasterCard cardholders get 8 free passes to the lounge per year.^[43]
  • Visa Odyssey Gold cardholders get 50% of the regular access fee.^[43]

Annual traffic

Annual passenger traffic at Montréal–Trudeau International Airport
2006 through 2018

Year	Passenger volume	% change	Domestic	% change	InternationalA	% change	TransborderA	% change
2018 (YTD, August) [44]	13,272,394	6.7%	4,792,827	3.8%	5,479,239	8.4%	3,000,328	8.2%
2017 [4]	18,160,223	9.5%	6,916,725	7.5%	7,135,975	13.5%	4,107,523	6.2%
2016 [4]	16,589,067	6.9%	6,431,691	9.5%	6,288,860	6.0%	3,868,516	4.3%
2015[4]	15,517,382	4.6%	5,874,944	3.0%	5,933,290	6.7%	3,709,148	3.8%
2014[4]	14,840,067	5.3%	5,705,140	5.5%	5,561,286	4.9%	3,573,641	5.6%
2013[45]	14,095,272	2.1%	5,408,528	1.4%	5,302,692	1.1%	3,384,052	4.7%
2012[46]	13,809,820	1.0%	5,333,749	2.1%	5,244,656	0.1%	3,231,415	0.9%
2011[10]	13,668,829	5.4%	5,225,786	5.4%	5,239,928	7.7%	3,203,115	1.7%
2010[10]	12,971,339	6.1%	4,957,003	3.6%	4,864,921	6.4%	3,149,415	10.0%
2009[47]	12,224,534	4.6%	4,793,177	9.2%	4,567,686	2.3%	2,863,671	6.7%
2008[47]	12,813,320	0.0%	5,278,945	2.1%	4,465,589	5.2%	3,068,786	3.5%
2007[47]	12,817,969	12.0%	5,393,576	15.9%	4,245,642	14.5%	3,178,751	3.2%
2006[48]	11,441,202	5.0%	4,653,599	4.6%	3,708,264	7.1%	3,079,339	3.2%

^A : At Montréal–Trudeau and at other airports in Canada with United States border preclearance, a distinction is made between "transborder" and "international" flights for operational and statistical purposes. A "transborder" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination in the United States, while an "international" flight is a flight between Canada and a destination that is not within the United States or Canada. A "domestic" flight is a flight within Canada only.

Passenger

Cargo

Public transport

The Société de transport de Montréal (STM) currently has four regular bus routes serving Trudeau International Airport, including routes "204 Cardinal" and "209 Sources" which run every day and routes "356 Lachine /Montreal–Trudeau /Des Sources" and "378 Sauvé /Côte-Vertu /Montreal–Trudeau" which are night buses. Three of the four routes can take passengers to and from the Dorval bus terminus and train station, within walking distance of Via's Dorval station.^[92] A shuttle bus runs between the airport and Via's Dorval station.

On March 29, 2010, the STM introduced the 747 Montreal-Trudeau/Downtown route. Operating 7 days a week, 24 hours a day and 365 days a year, this route connects the airport to eight downtown stops, including transfer stops at Lionel-Groulx metro station, Central Station and Berri-UQAM metro station. The service runs every 10–12 minutes from 8:30 a.m. to 8 p.m, every 30 minutes from 5:30 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. and 8 p.m. to 1 a.m., and every hour from 2 a.m. to 5 a.m.^[93] Regular bus fare is not accepted; the minimum tariff is a day pass ($10) but STM and AMT pass-type fares with a longer duration (3-day, weekly, monthly and Unlimited Weekend) are also accepted.

Prior to the introduction of this public transportation service,^[94] Groupe La Québécoise operated a coach service known as L'Aerobus between the airport and Central Station, connecting with several hotels downtown.^[95]

Trudeau Airport at night

Société de transport de Montréal
Route	Destination	Service Times	Map	Schedule
204 Cardinal	Westbound to Terminus Fairview Pointe-Claire with stops at Pine Beach and Valois Train Stations, Eastbound to Dorval Vaudreuil-Hudson Commuter Rail Line	All-day	Map	Schedule
209 Des Sources	Northbound to Dorval Train Station Vaudreuil-Hudson Commuter Rail Line and Roxboro-Pierrefonds Train Station Deux-Montagnes Commuter Rail Line	All-day	Map	Schedule
747 Montreal-Trudeau/Downtown	Eastbound to the Montreal Bus Station in Downtown Montreal with stops at Lionel-Groulx Station, Central Train Station and Berri-UQAM Metro Station Metro-Green Line Metro-Orange Line Metro-Yellow Line	24 Hours Daily-Year Round	Map	Schedule
356 Lachine /Montreal-Trudeau /Des Sources	Westbound to Sunnybrooke Train Station with a stop at Dorval Train station and Eastbound to Downtown Montreal with stops at Atwater Metro Station and Frontenac Metro Station. Vaudreuil-Hudson Commuter Rail Line Metro-Green Line	Overnight Approximately 1:00 a.m.–5:00 a.m. daily	Map	Schedule
378 Sauvé /Côte-Vertu /Montreal-Trudeau	Eastbound to Saint-Laurent with stops at Côte-Vertu Metro Station, Montpellier Train Station and Sauvé Metro Station. Deux-Montagnes Commuter Rail Line Metro-Orange Line	Overnight Approximately 1:00 a.m.–5:00 a.m. daily	Map	Schedule

Overview of Air Canada Base and hangars along Côte-Vertu Road.

Future Montréal–Trudeau train station located under the new Marriott hotel.

Private bus

KLM Royal Dutch Airlines operates a bus from Trudeau Airport to Ottawa Railway Station only for Air France-KLM customers originating in/arriving in the Ottawa area.^[96] As of 2016 Air-France KLM has three daily bus services between those cities.^[97]

Air France also operates a bus from Trudeau to Sainte-Foy railway station in Quebec City for its customers.^[97]

Swiss International Air Lines previously operated its Swissbus service from Trudeau to Ottawa Railway Station for Swiss customers.^[98]

Car

The airport is accessible from Highway 20 or from Highway 520, a spur off Highway 40 that leads directly towards the airport. Eastbound Highway 20 leads to the Dorval interchange, the exit which drivers must take for the airport. From the north, Côte-Vertu Boulevard that runs parallel to runways 24L and 24R provides access to the Air Canada Base and hangars, Air Transat hangars, Air Inuit hangars and Bombardier Aerospace assembly facility.

When drivers pick up or drop off guests at Trudeau, they are permitted to stop momentarily outside the Arrivals and Departure areas at both the Canada and International departures as well as the Transborder Jetty.

Aéroports de Montréal, the City of Montreal, Transports Québec and Transport Canada made plans to improve the Dorval interchange and built direct road links between the airport and highways 20 and 520. Once the certificate of authorization was obtained, work began in June 2009 with an original projected end date of 2017, although some parts of the project will be on hold for several years. The project entails redesigning the road network within the airport site, which was mostly completed as planned.^[99]

Future connections

On April 22, 2016, the CEO of the Caisse de Dépot et de Placement du Québec and Montreal mayor Denis Coderre announced a massive transit project called Réseau express métropolitain, slated to open between 2021 and 2023. This planned rapid transit network will connect the Trudeau Airport to the Central station in Downtown Montréal, the North Shore, the South Shore and the West Island. It will run from 5am to 1am, 7 days a week. Construction began in April 2018 and will connect Trudeau Airport with downtown by 2023.^[100]