Island of Montreal

Island of Montréal
Map of the Island of Montreal
Island of Montréal
Geography
Location Saint Lawrence River
Coordinates 45°30′01″N 73°38′47″W / 45.50028°N 73.64639°W / 45.50028; -73.64639Coordinates: 45°30′01″N 73°38′47″W / 45.50028°N 73.64639°W / 45.50028; -73.64639
Archipelago Hochelaga Archipelago
Area 499.19 km2 (192.74 sq mi)
Length 50 km (31 mi)
Width 16 km (9.9 mi)
Highest elevation 233 m (764 ft)
Highest point Mount Royal
Administration
Canada
Province Quebec
City Montréal
Demographics
Population 1,942,044 (2016[1])
Pop. density 3,890 /km2 (10,080 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups multiracial (200 ethnic groups)

The Island of Montreal (French: Île de Montréal, Kanien’kéha: Tiohtià:ke), in southwestern Quebec, Canada, is at the confluence of the Saint Lawrence and Ottawa rivers. It is separated from Île Jésus (Laval) by the Rivière des Prairies.[2][3]

Description

It is the largest island in the Hochelaga Archipelago, and the second largest in the Saint Lawrence River (following Anticosti Island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence). The St. Lawrence widens into Lake Saint-Louis south-west of the island, narrows into the Lachine Rapids, then widens again into the Bassin de La Prairie before becoming the St. Lawrence again and flowing toward Quebec City. Saint Helen's Island and Notre Dame Island are in the Saint Lawrence southeast of downtown Montreal.

Island of Montreal is a part of Hochelaga Archipelago.

The Ottawa widens and becomes Lac des Deux-Montagnes north-west of the island. The Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal, between the western tip of the island and Île Perrot, connects Lac des Deux-Montagnes and Lake Saint-Louis. Another outlet of Lac des Deux-Montagnes, the Rivière des Prairies, flows along the north shore of the island and into the St. Lawrence at the northeastern tip of the island. Man has altered the topography of the island significantly, as evidenced by historical maps that name a lake St Pierre in the island.[4]

Lake St Pierre.

The island is approximately 50 km long and 16 km wide at its widest point. The area of the Urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes the Island of Montreal and several other smaller islands, is 499 km².[5] The island of Montreal has a shoreline of 266 km. At its centre are the three peaks of Mount Royal. The southwest of the island is separated by the Lachine Canal between Lachine and Montreal's Old Port; this portion of the island is partially divided further by the Canal de l'Aqueduc, running roughly parallel to the Lachine Canal, beginning in the borough of LaSalle and continuing between the boroughs of Le Sud-Ouest and Verdun.

The island of Montreal is the major component of the territory of the city of Montreal, along with Île Bizard, Saint Helen's Island, Notre Dame Island, Nuns' Island, and some 69 smaller islands. With a population of 2,014,221 inhabitants (22% of the population of Québec), it is by far the most populous island in Canada. It is also the 6th most populous island of the Americas and the 37th most populated island on earth, outranking Manhattan Island in New York City. Montréal and the other municipalities on the island compose the administrative region of Montréal.

The crossings which connect the island to its surroundings are some of the busiest bridges in the country and the world. The Champlain Bridge and the Jacques Cartier Bridge together accommodate 101 million vehicle crossings a year.[6]

Name

Map of New France (Champlain, 1612). "Montreal" is visible on the map next to a mountain in the approximate location. A more precise map was drawn by Champlain in 1632.

The first French name for the island was l'ille de Vilmenon, noted by Samuel de Champlain in a 1616 map, and derived from the sieur de Vilmenon, a patron of the founders of Quebec at the court of Louis XIII. However, by 1632 Champlain referred to the Isle de Mont-real in another map. The island derived its name from Mount Royal (French Mont Royal, then pronounced [mɔ̃ʁwɛjal]), and gradually spread its name to the town, which had originally been called Ville-Marie.

In the Kanien’kéha, the island is called Tiohtià:ke Tsi (a name referring to the Lachine Rapids to the island's southwest) or Ka-wé-no-te. In Anishninaabemowin, the land is called Mooniyaang[7] (a name meaning "the first stopping place" and part of the seven fires prophecy).

Municipalities

Map of the municipalities of the island.

Demographics

Island of Montreal: Population by year
1876 1890 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011
est. 120,000[9] est. 200,000[9] 1,003,868[10] 1,116,800[10] 1,320,232[10] 1,747,696[11] 1,959,180[11] 1,760,122[11] 1,775,871[11] 1,775,846[12]
 1,812,723[13]
 1,854,442[13] 1,886,481[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2016 Census Profile - Montréal, Territoire équivalent (Census division)". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  2. ↑ nationsonline.org, klaus kästle,. "Google Map of the City of Montréal - Nations Online Project". Nationsonline.org. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  3. ↑ Archived 2008-10-21 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ "Following Rivière St. Pierre". Author Andrew Emond.
  5. ↑ Archived 2006-11-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  6. ↑ Jacques Cartier Bridge: 43 million Archived 2006-09-25 at the Wayback Machine. + Champlain Bridge: 58 million Archived 2008-06-25 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ "Onishka - Art et Communaute". Onishka.org. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  8. ↑ http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=5798,85493596&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
  9. 1 2 "Aljaska en de Canada-spoorweg by Anonymous" (in Dutch).
  10. 1 2 3 "Vol. 1 - Table 2" (XLS). 1951 Canadian Census. University of Toronto. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "Statistical Tables - Religion". Statistics Canada Census. Gouvernement du Québec. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  12. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, and Census Divisions, 2001 and 1996 Censuses - 100% Data". Statistics Canada, 2001 Census of Population. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  13. 1 2 "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census divisions, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. 13 March 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  14. ↑ "Census Profile - Census Division - Montreal (ET)". Canada 2011 Census. Statistics Canada. 2012-07-30. Retrieved 16 September 2012.

Further reading

  • Adams, Frank D., and O. E. LeRoy. The Artesian and Other Deep Wells on the Island of Montreal. Montreal: [s.n.], 1906. ISBN 0-665-72208-7
  • Bosworth, Newton. Hochelaga Depicta The Early History and Present State of the City and Island of Montreal. Toronto: Coles Pub. Co, 1974. (Table of Contents)
  • Fisher, John. Memorial in Support of the Petition of the Inhabitants and Proprietors of the City and Island of Montreal Praying That the Ecclesiastics of St. Sulpice May Not Be Constituted a Body Corporate and Ecclesiastical, and Their Title Confirmed to Certain Valuable Seigniories and Estates. Montreal?: s.n, 1840. ISBN 0-665-64087-0
  • Mackay, Murdo. The Language Problem and School Board Reform on the Island of Montreal. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1988. ISBN 0-315-38290-2
  • Parks Canada. Montréal, a City Steeped in History Guide to Nationality Significant Places, Persons and Events on the Island of Montréal. Québec: Parks Canada, 2004. ISBN 0-660-19274-8
  • Russell, Ken. Metropolitan Government on the Island of Montreal. Toronto: Osgoode Hall Law School, 1972.
  • Sancton, Andrew. Governing the Island of Montreal Language Differences and Metropolitan Politics. Lane studies in regional government. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. ISBN 0-520-04906-3
  • Savoie, Josée. Neighbourhood Characteristics and the Distribution of Crime on the Island of Montréal. Crime and justice research paper series, no. 007. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 2006. ISBN 0-662-43395-5
  • Stansfield, John. The Pleistocene and Recent Deposits of the Island of Montreal. Ottawa: Government Printing Bureau, 1915.
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